WEATHER AND CLIMATE
Climate - the average weather conditions at a particular place over a period of years
Weather - the condition of temperature, rain, wind, sunshine, snow at a certain time or over a
period of time
Climate in general
climate – tropical, temperate, oceanic, continental, insular – ostrovní, climatic zone – podnebný pás,
moist x humid – vlhký, dry, extreme, equable/settled/steady – stálý, changeable, fair – příjemný,
sunny, windy, cloudy, rainy, overcast, foggy x misty x smoggy, freezing, ghastly – hnusně
Geography in general
The Earth/the globe/the planet, equator – rovník, northern and southern hemispheres, tropic of
Cancer (north), tropic of Capricorn (south), parallels of latitude- rovnoběžky zem. šířky, meridians
of longitude – poledníky zem. délky, 600 m above sea level – 600 m nad mořem, altitude –
nadmořská výška, cycle of the moon – new moon, full moon – úplněk, half moon, equinox –
rovnodennost, eclipse – zatmění, atmosphere
Rainy weather
raindrop, drizzle – mrholit/mrholení, it´s drizzling – mrholí, it´s raining hard/heavily, staedy rain –
setrvalý déšť, it´s pouring – lije, (rain)storm/ downpour – průtrž mračen, liják, thunderstorm –
bouřka, thunder – hrom, (flash of)lightning – blesk, hail – krupobití, it´s hailing – padají kroupy,
hailstone – kroupa, rainbow – duha, clouds, to be soaked to the skin – být promočen na kůži,
showers – přeháňky, dew – rosa, dew is falling – padá rosa, dewdrop, mist – opar, fog, smog
Fair weather
bright sunshine, favourable, fair, settled, sunny weather, cloudless sky/clear sky, sunrays – sluneční
paprsky, at sunrise – při východu slunce, at sunset – při západu slunce,glowing sky at sunset –
červánky, degrees above zero – teploty nad nulou, unbearable hot – nesnesitelné horko, heat wave –
vlna veder, sultry – dusno, scorcher (coll.) – pařák, perspire/sweat – potit se,in the shade – ve stínu,
provide a shade – vrhat stín, drought – sucho, suntan – opálený, sunburn – spálený, heat-stroke –
úžeh, sun-stroke – úpal
Cold weather
cold, chilly, frosty – mrazivo, ground frost – přízemní mráz, hoar frost – jinovatka, icicle –
rampouch, snowflake – sněhová vločka, snowfall – chumelenice, snowdrift – závěj,
snowstorm/blizzard – sněhová bouře, degrees below zero – pod nulou, freezing point – bod mrazu,
sleet -déšť se sněhem, it´s sleeting – je plískanice, it´s thawing – je obleva, snow is melting/thawing
– taje, to shiver with cold – třást se zimou, frozen to the bone – promrznut na kost, it´s icy – je
náledí, to slip over/to skid – uklouznout, to slide – sklouznout se, to throw snowballs – koulovat se,
to build snowman, to go tobogganing– bobovat, to go sledging – sáňkovat
Windy weather
wind – light, moderate – mírný, strong, severe – krutý, breeze – vánek, it´s breezy – pofukuje, gale –
vichřice, hurricane, whirlwind – větrný vír, tornado/twister, against the wind x with the wind, the
wind is getting up/rising – zvedá se vítr, the wind is dropping/dying – vítr ustává, bend the trees –
ohýbat stromy, it´s calm – je bezvětří
Clouds
overcast – zataženo, cloudy – polojasno, light cloud, stormcloud, gathering clouds – nakumulené
mraky, on the horizon, cloudless sky
Weather forecast
general description – fair, bright and sunny, windy, cloudy, overcast, rainy, misty or foggy,
temperature from … to … °C (=degrees Centigrade)
weather chart – mapka s předpovědí, warm front, cold front, the outlook for Monday is …,
unpredictable – nepředvídatelný, scattered showers and bright intervals – přeháňky s vyjasněním
Talking about the weather
Nice/Horrible weather we´re having.
Bad weather, isn´t it,
What a downpour!
What´s it like out?
It´s going to clear up.
Lovely day.
Looks like rain.
We´re in for rain.
It´s raining cats and dogs.
There´s not a cloud in the sky.
It´s going to rain.
Some proverbs:
April showers bring May flowers
After rain comes sunshine.
Evening red and morning grey is a sight of a bonnie day.
Sun at seven – rain at eleven.
Main talking points:
Climate x weather – generally
Four seasons of the year, characteristics of particular season, your most favourite season
Comparison of climate and weather in this country and Britain
Weather forecast – do you believe and follow it or not, why?
Questions:
Is the world climate changing? Why and in what ways?
Does weather affect your mood?
Can you describe storm and your feeling about it?
What are the signs of approaching thunderstorm?
What do we call of period of very hot weather? of very dry weather?, What do we call a heavy fall
of rain? What is drizzle, a sleet? a blizzard? What do we call a strong wind?
What happens when the thaw sets in?
How can you find out what the weather will be like tomorrow?
Although British winters are not as cold as Czech ones, they feel colder – why?
What can clouds tell you about the weather to come?
Why do you think Ireland is called „the Emerald Isle“?
Why do children enjoy winters?
Are winter in temperate zone severe?
What´s the reason for floods in spring?