Name
Date
Period
Single Replacement Reactions
Introduction:
This Lab teaches the concepts of basic single replacement reactions in an inorganic
solution system. The primary concept for this lab is the interaction of cations and
anions in aqueous solution, using the general formula AX +B ---> BX + A, as
determined by the rules of solubility and activity level of the Ionic compounds (AX) +
metal cations (B) involved. The new combination of cations and anions in a chemical
reaction yield products that may be a precipitate or gas. Look for a color change in the
aqueous solution or the formation of a precipitate or gas. The Activity Series of the
metals is an invaluable aid to predicting the products of replacement reactions.
Pre-laboratory:
Read the relevant pages of your textbook and notes. (single replacement reactions)
Then answer the questions that follow.
1. What is a single replacement reaction? Give an algebraic example of one.
2. Define aqueous ions.
3. What evidence indicates that a single replacement reaction has occurred between the
aqueous ionic compound and the metal?
4. List the metals found in the activity series from most reactive to least reactive
Create a data table:
1.
2.
3.
4.
For all reactions label the columns and rows by symbols
Six by ten table
Lab results label NR = no reaction, or R = reaction
Unknown metal X for the second day of lab
Single Replacement Reactions Activity series of Metals
Metal
Lithium
Potassium
Barium
Strontium
Calcium
Sodium
Magnesium
Aluminum
Manganese
Zinc
Chromium
Iron
Cadmium
Cobalt
Nickel
Tin
Lead
(Hydrogen)
Copper
Mercury
Silver
Platinum
Gold
Metal Ion
Li+
K+
Ba+
Sr2+
Ca2+
Na+
Mg2+
Al3+
Mn2+
Zn2+
Cr2+, Cr3+
Fe2+, Fe3+
Cd
Co2+, Co3+
Ni2+, Ni3+
Sn2+, 4+
Pb2+
H+
Cu2+
Hg2+
Ag+
Pt2+
Au+, Au3+
Reactivity
Most Reactive
Least Reactive
Single Replacement Reaction Predictions
1. Iron (as an ion use Fe3+)
a. Nickel (ΙΙ) Chloride
i. Iron + Nickel (ΙΙ) Chloride
ii. 2Fe (s) + 3NiCl2 (aq)
Iron (ΙΙΙ) Chloride + Nickel
2FeCl3 (aq) + Ni (s)
b. Cobalt (ΙΙ) Chloride
i. Iron + Cobalt (ΙΙ) Chloride
ii. 2Fe (s) + 3CoCl2 (aq)
Iron (ΙΙΙ) Chloride + Cobalt
2FeCl3 (aq) + 3Co (s)
c. Lead (ΙΙ) Nitrate
i. Iron + Lead (ΙΙ) Nitrate
ii. 2Fe (s) + 3Pb(NO3)2 (aq)
Iron (ΙΙΙ) Nitrate + Lead
2Fe(NO3)3 (aq) + 3Co (s)
d. Calcium Chloride
i. Iron + Calcium Chloride
NR
e. Aluminum Chloride
i. Iron + Aluminum Chloride
f.
NR
Magnesium Chloride
i. Iron + Magnesium Chloride
NR
g. Iron (ΙΙΙ) Chloride
i. Iron + Iron (III) Chloride
NR
h. Copper (ΙΙ) Chloride
i. Iron + Copper (ΙΙ) Chloride
ii. 2Fe (s) + 3CuCl2 (aq)
i.
Iron (ΙΙΙ) Chloride + Copper
2FeCl3 (aq) + 3Cu (s)
Hydrochloric Acid
Iron (ΙΙΙ) Chloride + Hydrogen
i. Iron + Hydrochloric Acid
ii. 2Fe (s) + 6HCl (l)
2FeCl3 (aq) + 3H2 (g)
2. Magnesium
a. Nickel (ΙΙ) Chloride
i. Magnesium + Nickel (ΙΙ) Chloride
ii. 1Mg (s) + 1NiCl2 (aq)
Magnesium Chloride + Nickel
1MgCl2 (aq) + 1Ni (s)
b. Cobalt (ΙΙ) Chloride
i. Magnesium + Cobalt (ΙΙ) Chloride
ii. 1Mg (s) + 1CoCl2 (aq)
Magnesium Chloride + Cobalt
1MgCl2 (aq) + 1Co (s)
c. Lead (ΙΙ) Nitrate
i. Magnesium + Lead (ΙΙ) Nitrate
ii. 1Mg (s) + 1Pb(NO3)2 (aq)
Magnesium Nitrate + Lead
1Mg(NO3)2 (aq) + 1Pb (s)
d. Calcium Chloride
i. Magnesium + Calcium Chloride
e. Aluminum Chloride
NR
i. Magnesium + Aluminum Chloride
ii. 3Mg (s) + 2AlCl3 (aq)
f.
Magnesium Chloride + Aluminum
3MgCl2 (aq) + 2Al (s)
Magnesium Chloride
i. Magnesium + Magnesium Chloride
NR
g. Iron (ΙΙΙ) Chloride
i. Magnesium + Iron (ΙΙ) Chloride
ii. 3Mg (s) + 2FeCl3 (aq)
Magnesium Chloride + Iron
3MgCl2 (aq) + 2Fe (s)
h. Copper (ΙΙ) Chloride
i. Magnesium + Copper (ΙΙ) Chloride
ii. 1Mg (s) + 1CuCl2 (aq)
i.
Magnesium Chloride + Copper
1MgCl2 (aq) + 1Cu (s)
Hydrochloric Acid
i. Magnesium + Hydrochloric Acid
ii. 1Mg (s) + 2HCl (l)
Magnesium Chloride + Hydrogen
1MgCl2 (aq) + 1H2 (g)
3. Aluminum
a. Nickel (ΙΙ) Chloride
i. Aluminum + Nickel (II) Chloride
ii. 2Al (s) + 3NiCl2 (aq)
b. Cobalt (ΙΙ) Chloride
Aluminum Chloride + Nickel
2AlCl3 (aq) + 3Ni (s)
i. Aluminum + Cobalt (II) Chloride
ii. 2Al (s) + 3CoCl2 (aq)
Aluminum Chloride + Cobalt
2AlCl3 (aq) + 3Co (s)
c. Lead (ΙΙ) Nitrate
i. Aluminum + Lead (II) Nitrate
Aluminum Nitrate + Lead
ii. 2Al (s) + 3Pb(NO3)2 (aq)
2Al(NO3)3 (aq) + 3Pb (s)
d. Calcium Chloride
i. Aluminum + Calcium Chloride
ii. 2Al (s) + 3CaCl2 (aq)
Aluminum Chloride + Calcium
2AlCl3 (aq) + 3Ca (s)
e. Aluminum Chloride
i. Aluminum + Aluminum Chloride
f.
NR
Magnesium Chloride
i. Aluminum + Magnesium Chloride
NR
g. Iron (ΙΙ) Chloride
i. Aluminum + Iron (III) Chloride
ii. 1Al (s) + 1FeCl3 (aq)
Aluminum Chloride + Iron
1AlCl3 (aq) + 1Fe (s)
h. Copper (ΙΙ) Chloride
i. Aluminum + Copper (II) Chloride
ii. 2Al (s) + 3CuCl3 (aq)
i.
Hydrochloric Acid
Aluminum Chloride + Copper
2AlCl3 (aq) + 3Cu (s)
i. Aluminum + Hydrochloric Acid
ii. 2Al (s) + 6HCl (l)
Aluminum Chloride + Hydrogen
2AlCl3 (aq) + 3H2 (g)
4. Copper (as an ion use Cu2+)
a. Nickel (ΙΙ) Chloride
i. Copper + Nickel (II) Chloride
NR
b. Cobalt (ΙΙ) Chloride
i. Copper + Cobalt (II) Chloride
NR
c. Lead (ΙΙ) Nitrate
i. Copper + Lead (II) Nitrate
NR
d. Calcium Chloride
i. Copper + Calcium Chloride
NR
e. Aluminum Chloride
i. Copper + Aluminum Chloride
f.
NR
Magnesium Chloride
i. Copper + Magnesium Chloride
NR
g. Iron (ΙΙΙ) Chloride
i. Copper + Iron (III) Chloride
h. Copper (ΙΙ) Chloride
NR
i. Copper + Copper (II) Chloride
i.
NR
Hydrochloric Acid
i. Copper + Hydrochloric Acid
NR
5. Zinc
a. Nickel (ΙΙ) Chloride
i. Zinc + Nickel (II) Chloride
ii. 1Zn (s) + 1NiCl2 (aq)
Zinc Chloride + Nickel
1ZnCl2 (aq) + 1Ni (s)
b. Cobalt (ΙΙ) Chloride
i. Zinc + Cobalt (II) Chloride
ii. 1Zn (s) + 1CoCl2 (aq)
Zinc Chloride + Cobalt
1ZnCl2 (aq) + 1Co (s)
c. Lead (ΙΙ) Nitrate
i. Zinc + Lead (II) Nitrate
Zinc Nitrate + Lead
ii. 1Zn (s) + 1Pb(NO3)2 (aq)
1Zn(NO3)2 (aq) + 1Pb (s)
d. Calcium Chloride
i. Zinc + Calcium Chloride
NR
e. Aluminum Chloride
i. Zinc + Aluminum Chloride
f.
NR
Magnesium Chloride
i. Zinc + Magnesium Chloride
NR
g. Iron (ΙΙΙ) Chloride
i. Zinc + Iron (III) Chloride
Zinc Chloride + Iron
ii. 3Zn (s) + 2FeCl3 (aq)
3ZnCl2 (aq) + 2Fe (s)
h. Copper (ΙΙ) Chloride
i. Zinc + Copper (II) Chloride
ii. 1Zn (s) + 1CuCl2 (aq)
i.
Zinc Chloride + Copper
1ZnCl2 (aq) + 1Cu (s)
Hydrochloric Acid
i. Zinc + Hydrochloric Acid
ii. 1Zn (s) + 2HCl (l)
Zinc Chloride + Hydrogen
1ZnCl2 (aq) + 1H2 (g)
Conclusion:
Opening Paragraph
1.
2.
3.
4.
State purpose (single replacement lab)
Pre-lab (predictions, activity series)
Lab (observations)
Unknown X
Background Paragraph
1. Introduce algebraic equation
2. Explain if there is or is not a reaction (activity series)
3. Give actual example of both (explain)
Actual lab examples
1. 1 – F reaction
a. Prediction
b. Observation
c. Why
2. 1 – H
a. Prediction
b. Observation
c. Why
3. Unknown X
a. State what it is
b. Observations
c. Why
Closing
1. Errors made
2. Science concepts learned or used
State Standards Addressed
Solving Problems
Recognize and investigate problems; formulate and propose solutions supported by reason and
evidence.
Communicating
Express and interpret information and ideas.
Using Technology
Use appropriate instruments, electronic equipment, computers and networks to access information,
process ideas and communicate results.
Working on Teams
Learn and contribute productively as individuals and as members of groups.
Making Connections
Recognize and apply connections of important information and ideas within and among learning areas.
STATE GOAL 11: Understand the processes of scientific inquiry and technological design to
investigate questions, conduct experiments and solve problems.
11.A.5a Formulate hypotheses referencing prior research and knowledge.
11.A.5c Conduct systematic controlled experiments to test the selected hypotheses.
11.A.5e Report, display and defend the results of investigations to audiences that may include
professionals and technical experts.
STATE GOAL 12: Understand the fundamental concepts, principles and interconnections of
the life, physical and earth/space sciences.
12.C.4b Analyze and explain the atomic and nuclear structure of matter.
12.C.5a Analyze reactions (e.g., nuclear reactions, burning of fuel, decomposition of waste) in natural
and man-made energy systems.
12.D.4b Describe the effects of electromagnetic and nuclear forces including atomic and molecular
bonding, capacitance and nuclear reactions.