Strategy for facilitating achieving at least some quantitative elements of Target 11 and
putting in place mechanisms and processes for other elements of Target 11 by 2020
Is it possible by 2020, to achieve at least some quantitative elements of Target 11 and putting in place
mechanisms and processes for other elements of Target 11?
What is needed?
Is it possible and how to make happen that is needed?
To address the above, the CBD Secretariat has developed a two phase strategy (2015-2020) to be
implemented by all in a coherent and collaborative manner.
Phase 1 Developing a
consolidated approach
Phase 2 Monitoring and
reporting
appapproach
COP 14
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
beyond
COP 15
COP 13
Phase 2 facilitating roadmaps
New vision
GBO 4 Mid-term assessment of Target 11
Quantitative
ecological
representation
areas important
for biodiversity
management
effectiveness and equity
integration into wider land and
seascapes (spatial and sectoral)
The green indicates quantitative global targets of 17% terrestrial and 10% marine. The three yellow are
management effectiveness, ecological representation and integration into wider land- and seascapes.
Green indicates that the element is on track and with continued efforts this aspect of the target will be
achieved by the target date of 2020; yellow means there is progress but it is not sufficient to achieve this
aspect of the target.
What is the status of target 11 at global level?
 Quantitative aspects: 15.4% of terrestrial and 8.4% of marine (within national jurisdiction-200
nautical miles) is under protection.
 Ecological representation: 650 terrestrial and 150 marine ecological regions have more than
10% protection each.
 Areas important for biodiversity: about 250 Alliance Zero Extinction sites and 700 important bird
areas are under protection.
 Effective management: about 30% of worlds protected areas have effective management
What is needed for achieving the Target 11 at global level by 2020?
 Quantitative aspects: 1.6% or 2.2 million KM2 of terrestrial and marine areas are needed to be
protected.
 Ecological representation: in about 200 terrestrial ecological regions and in 100 marine
ecological regions the existing protection status has to be improved to reach 10% protection of
that ecological region at global level.
 Areas important for biodiversity at minimum level: 250 AZE areas and 200 Important Bird Areas
in Danger need to be brought under protection.
 Effective management: at least another 30% of protected areas have to be brought under
effectively managed category.
Phase 1 (2015-2016)Developing a Consolidated Approach and collecting information on status, gaps
and opportunities for each element and focused priority actions to be undertaken in next five years in
the form of road maps for presenting to COP 13.
In the first step, the Secretariat has renewed communications with a number of organizations from
the PoWPA Friends Consortium.
In the second step, in order to help Parties collect and share information and data on the status of
the target, the Secretariat of the CBD has prepared 184 country dossiers on Target 11 using information
from BirdLife International, the Digital Observatory for Protected Areas, and the World Database of
Protected Areas as per notification dated March 9, 2015. The dossiers include:
 Terrestrial and Marine Ecoregions (ER)
 Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs)
 Alliance for Zero Extinction Sites (AZEs)
 Overlaps between unprotected and partially protected IBAs and AZEs and candidate ER for
further protection
 Actions identified in their PoWPA Action Plan, Fifth National Report, or NBSAP
 Allocation and utilization of their Fifth and Sixth replenishment of the Global Environment
Facility (GEF)
The country data dossiers are in no way prescriptive: they are intended to help Parties identify
the status of different elements of the target and actions they can undertake in the next five years. The
dossiers were shared with respective country representatives of the regional workshops for validation
and updating of information. Thus far, these dossiers have helped the Secretariat to compile the
regional, sub-regional and global-level status of the targets.
In the third step, the Secretariat has developed a series of four e- mail communications to
prepare country participants for the workshop.
3826

The first email describes background, objectives of workshop and the process.

The second email presents the country data dossier and the information contained within it, the
objectives behind compiling it and asks the participant to go through it for validation, updating
as well as its usefulness in identifying the gaps.

The third email presents a questionnaire that requests the participants to fill and submit by a
due date taking into account information in the dossier as well as other relevant information in
consultation with CBD and PoWPA Focal points and other relevant colleagues.

The fourth communication, requests the participants to report on the status of each element of
target 11 including gaps and opportunities in the form of a matrix. Participants are also
requested in this e mail to identify and list priority, feasible and focused actions, taking into
account gaps, opportunities and commitments in NBSAP or PoWPA action plan etc., which they
would undertake in next five years whose implementation improve the existing status by 2020
and facilitate achieving the target at national, regional or global levels. In order to help country
representatives for this purpose , their attention was invited to the ongoing or just approved
GEF 5 PA projects and other bilateral projects and requested them to track the projects to the
elements of target 11( see the example of Colombia below)
Colombia
Designing and Implementing a National
Sub-System of Marine Protected Areas
(SMPA)
Biodiversity
UNDP
FP
4,850,000
7,500,000
Under
Implementation
3886
Colombia
Colombian National Protected Areas
Conservation Trust
Biodiversity
World
Bank
FP
4,000,000
13,800,000
IA Approved
The German Government through BMZ, BMUB, KFW and IKI approved the following PA related projects:
 When needed country representatives are also engaged in conference calls to clarify the doubts
and explain the process and requirements. Participants are requested asked to bring all this
information to the workshop.
In the fourth step, the workshop, participants share the information they have collected from
the communications. They submit a table of the status, gaps and opportunities for Aichi Target 11 and
draft identified actions (roadmap) to be undertaken in the next five years which will make a change to
the existing status at national, regional and global levels. Participants are requested to submit their final
matrices and priority actions (road maps) after further scrutiny, aligning with GEF 6 and other bilateral
projects etc., formally through their CBD focal points.
The results of the two regional workshops held so far are very encouraging. All 36 countries
submitted their status Matrices and draft priority actions. Mexico draft status matrix and priority actions
attached for reference. Proposed draft actions from seven Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil,
Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico and Uruguay per se are contributing to increase 2.1 % increase in
terrestrial protected Areas at GRULAC level which adds 0.3% at global level).
Reaching out to all countries covering all five UN regions for collecting the status and priority
actions and then facilitate their implementation will have immense potential towards achieving at least
some quantitative elements of Target 11 and putting in place mechanisms and processes for other
elements of Target 11 and elements of Target 12.
In the last step, the information collected at the workshop will be used for reporting the
regional, sub-regional and global-level status of the different elements of target 11 at sub-regional,
regional and global levels to COP 13. In addition, information from the actions formally submitted can be
compiled to assess what will be the regional, sub-regional and global-level increases of the different
elements of target 11 at COP 13; this projection will give us an idea of which elements will be achieved.
Furthermore, the actions formally submitted for a national roadmap for implementation, which can
then be used as the basis for project alignment and the next steps in phase 2.
Phase 2 Facilitating Implementation of Roadmaps through collective efforts.
In the second phase, the main step is to align national roadmaps with GEF and bilateral projects,
then to cluster the projects by theme with the aim of developing sub-regional or regional networks for
implementation. These networks will provide regular communications and capacity building workshops
to both deliver focused capacity development for implementation of the roadmaps and facilitate
monitoring and reporting. The networks will be composed of the project implementers, including
national governments, implementing agencies, regional organizations, funders, the Secretariat and
other partners.
Implementation of road maps will be reported to COP 14 in 2018 to indicate what is happening,
what is not happening and undertake mid-course corrections. Implement it for next two years to report
to COP 15 in 2020.
COP 11 Decision XI/24 on Protected Areas
COP 11 Decision XI/24 on Protected Areas invited Parties to undertake major efforts, with
appropriate support and consistent with national circumstances, to achieve all elements of Aichi
Biodiversity Target 11, including continuing to conduct assessments of the governance of protected
areas. It invited Parties to align protected area projects in PoWPA action plans with the fourth, fifth and
sixth replenishment periods of the GEF and to report on the implementation of actions, including
incorporation of the results of implementing projects funded by the GEF and other donors, in order to
track progress towards achieving Aichi Target 11.
The same decision also invited the GEF and its implementing agencies to facilitate alignment of
the development and implementation of protected area projects identified in PoWPA action plans. As
such, in the sixth replenishment cycle of the GEF, biodiversity focal area 1 is on improving the
sustainability of protected areas systems, with a number of other biodiversity focal areas also touching
upon target 11 elements.
Relevant GEF-6 Programmes under Biodiversity Focal area for seeking funding for PA projects
• BD1: Improving Sustainability of Protected Areas Systems
– Program 1: Improving Financial Sustainability and Effective Management of the National
Ecological Infrastructure
– Program 2: Nature’s Last Stand: Expanding the Reach of the Global Protected Area Estate
• BD2: Reduce Threats to Globally Significant Biodiversity
– Program 3: Preventing the Extinction of Known Threatened Species
• BD3: Sustainably Use Biodiversity
– Program 6: Ridge to Reef+: Maintaining Integrity and Function of Globally Significant
Coral Reef Ecosystems
• BD4: Mainstream Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Use in to Production
Landscapes/Seascapes and Sectors
– Program 9: Managing the Human-Biodiversity Interface
– Program 10: Integration of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services into Development and
Finance Planning
This is only a draft to show how the focused efforts yield information as a country driven process.
MEXICO
(Second Draft September 30, 2015)
Element of Targets 11
and 12
Quantitative
elements: terrestrial
and marine
Status
Terrestrial: 13.15 %
(25,840,595 hectares
under protection by
several modalities of
conservation and
protected areas)
Gaps
Opportunities
Terrestrial: 3.85%
(7,565,497 hectares
required to cover the 17
% of the terrestrial
territory).
Terrestrial:
1) By 2018, to
implement 7 new
projected terrestrial PA
(for a total addition of
4,831,803 hectares) in
Marine: 8.22 %
Element of Targets 11
and 12
Status
Gaps
Opportunities
Marine: 1.78 %
(5,610,017 hectares
under protection by
several modalities of
conservation and
protected areas
including No Take Zones)
(25,906,932 hectares
required to cover the 10
% of the marine
territory)
order to increase in 2. 46
% for a total of 15.61%
of the Country.
2) In order to overpass
an additional 1.4 %
required, by the end of
2016, we will classify the
conservation status of
Mexico’s Wildlife
Management Units
(UMA) in verified
optimal conservation
condition in order to
include them for the
Aichi Goal 11 counting.
3) To review Forest
Reserves decreed in the
past in order to select
those which could be
transformed successfully
into official PA for the
National System.
Marine:
1) By 2018, to
implement 2 New
projected marine PA (of
33,493,362 ha and
1,182,563 ha) in order to
increase to 10.98 % of
the country.
2) To increase efforts for
consolidate Marine No
Take Zones managed
and monitored by
fisherman communities.
Element of Targets 11
and 12
Ecological
representation
Status
Gaps
Opportunities
IBA (Important Bird and
Biodiversity Areas-Bird
Life):
The total conservation
areas in several
modalities considered
for the Goal 11 of Aichi
are covering 9,980,039
hectares of IBA, which is
equivalent to 32.2 % of
the total IBA for Mexico.
Global Ecoregions:
16 (35.5%) from 45
terrestrial ecoregions
with distribution in
Mexico has less than
10% of protection.
Seven of this ecoregions
with low protection
correspond to Dry
Forests.
Terrestrial:
The 7 new projected
terrestrial PA to be
created in the following
2 years will be covering a
major part of the
ecological gaps
including: The oasis and
mountain range of
Southern Baja California,
the semiarid region of
Durango, the Mountain
Range of Tamaulipas.
National Gap Analysis
Sites: Currently
26,887,295 hectares
(30.05 %) of High and
Extremely High priority
areas from the National
Gap Analysis are
covered by conservation
areas. It includes
terrestrial, marine and
freshwater biodiversity
priority sites.
7 from 9 marine
ecoregions that occurs
in Mexico marine
territory has less than
10% of protection
Alliance for Zero
Extinction Sites:
A total of 27 AZE sites
(32.9 % from the total
AZE sites) are currently
covered by conservation
areas considered for the
Aichi Goal 11.
Areas important for
biodiversity
Areas important for
ecosystem services
A major part of the
following ecosystems
are within protected
areas in Mexico: Alpine
ecosystems, cloud
forests, coral reefs,
humid rainforest; 45 %
of the total area covered
Tropical Dry Forests are
under-represented in PA
system.
The following regions
are under-represented
in the conservation
areas system in Mexico:
Marine:
The 2 new marine
protected areas to be
created in the following
years will be covering
the Mexican Tropical
Pacific Marine
Ecoregion, and will be
increasing the coverage
of the Revillagigedo
Marine Ecoregion.
Element of Targets 11
and 12
Status
by Mangroves is
protected by Federal PA
(348,065 hectares) and
21.4 % (164,713
hectares) by State PA.
Management
effectiveness
assessment(s)
Improvement(s)
Governance and
equity
Connectivity and
corridors
Gaps
Central Chihuahua,
Guerrero, Sierra Madre
Occidental in Sonora,
Yucatán
Management
effectiveness
assessment finished by
only two PA for a total of
78,818 hectares.
Management
effectiveness assessment
will be continued
through the following
years depending of
available funding.
The assessment for 6
additional PA (3,854,871
hectares) is right now in
process.
86 PA (48.6 % of the
total PA) count with
Advisory Council; A total
of 968 participants
from NGO, local
communities and
academy work actively
in this councils.
4 formally stablished
corridors are
implemented with local
stakeholders and
government agencies:
Mesoamerican Biological
Corridor (in 5 states),
Sierra Madre Oriental,
Central Mexico Corridor,
Chihuahuan Desert (In
collaboration with the
Opportunities
Other governance
schemes within PA
overlapped with
indigenous territories
have to be explored.
Equitable governance is
still not still considered
sensu stricto in Mexico.
Currently there is not a
clear effort for
stablishing other formal
biological corridors.
It is planned to use the
methodology of Indimap
from the Coordinated
Audit of PA developed
for 12 countries of Latin
America for the follow
up of the performance of
the Federal PA in
Mexico.
1) To promote more
advisory councils in high
priority existing PA.
2) To develop innovative
schemes of equitable
governance.
1) A new agreement
with Belize and
Guatemala is to be
established soon in
order to keep
connectivity within the
Mayan Rainforest shared
by the three countries.
2) To develop a formal
initiative to stablish the
Element of Targets 11
and 12
Status
Gaps
National Park Service)
Opportunities
Great Biological Corridor
of the Sierra Madre
Occidental.
3) To propose other
sustainable development
corridors in different
parts of the country
(CONABIO has been
negotiating funding for
GEF in order to do so).
Integration into wider
land and seascapes
Other effective area
based conservation
measures
An initiative for Biocultural Landscapes had
been proposed by TNC
to CONANP as a new
conservation figure in
Mexico; currently is
under study.
Terrestrial:
Conservation Voluntary
Areas (ADVC, “Private
Reserves”) are covering
338,804 ha (0.17 % of
the terrestrial territory);
Certified Forests are
covering 1,278,434.51
ha (0.65 %)
Wildlife Conservation
Units (UMA) are right
now under assessment
in order to include those
UMA with verified
conservation condition.
To publish the official
guidelines for ADVC
certification in order to
increase the protected
territory with this
scheme.
Increased efforts are
required for the
recovering of the Gulf of
California Porpoise
(vaquita marina,
Phocoena sinus).
Currently is the highest
priority in order to avoid
another extinction in
To promote specific
assessments of major
endangered species in
order to define a
baseline.
Marine:
Marine Fisheries
Reserves are covering
754,033.97 ha (0.24 %)
Extinction of known
threatened species is
prevented
The equivalent of
Endangered Species Act
for Mexico list 475
endangered species, 896
threatened species and
1,185 considered for
special protection.
Conservation Action
Plans were developed for
40 endangered species; 3
Element of Targets 11
and 12
Status
extinct species in the
wild were reintroduced
with promising success;
close to 20 endangered
priority species are in
progress to recover.
Through the Federal
Protected Areas the
Habitat of the following
endangered and
threatened species are
being protected:
Corals (Acropora
palmata and Acropora
cervicornis): 631,375
hectares in 9 PA; Whale
Shark (Rhincodon typus):
1,713,713 hectares in 10
PA; White Shark
(Carcharodon
carcharias): 3,176,643
hectares in 3 PA;
Caguama marine turtle
(Caretta caretta):
1,455,405 hectares of
feeding zones and
nesting areas in 3 PA;
Carey marine turtle
(Eretmochelys
imbricata): 3,816,386
hectares of feeding
zones and nesting areas
in 37 PA; Golfina marine
turtle (Lepidochelys
olivacea): 26,737
hectares of feeding
zones and nesting areas
in 16 PA; Laúd marine
turtle (Dermochelys
coriacea): 19,661
hectares of feeding
zones and nesting areas
in 16 PA; Lora marine
turtle (Lepidochelys
kempii): 30 hectares of
nesting areas in 1 PA;
Green marine turtle
(Chelonia mydas):
1,476,559 hectares of
Gaps
Mexico.
Opportunities
Element of Targets 11
and 12
Status
feeding zones and
nesting areas in 9 PA;
Eagle (Spizastur
melanoleucus):
2,000,844 hectares in 16
PA; Crested Eagle
(Spizaetus ornatus):
4,788,610 hectares in 26
PA; Harpy Eagle (Harpia
harpyja); 538,629
hectares in 8 PA; Golden
Eagle (Aquila
chrysaetos): 6,145,755
hectares in 18 PA;
Crested Eagle (Spizaetus
tyrannus): 3,168,109
hectares in 18 PA;
Condor of California
(Gymnogyps
californianus): 72,911
hectares in 1 PA;
Cotorra serrana
occidental
(Rhynchopsitta
pachyrhyncha): 812,558
hectares in 9 PA;
Cotorra serrana Oriental
(Rhynchopsitta terrisi):
797,845 hectares in 3
PA; Scarlet macaw (Ara
macao): 574,574
hectares in 8 PA; Green
Macaw (Ara militaris):
1,439,837 hectares in 10
PA; Yellow Head Parrrot
(Amazona oratrix):
3,907,586 in 12 PA;
Yellow Neck Parrot
(Amazona auropalliata):
437,733 hectares in 4
PA; Horned Guan
(Oreophasis derbianus):
125,555 hectares in 2
PA; Quetzal
(Pharomachrus
mocinno): 298,887
hectares in 4 PA; King
Vulture (Sarcoramphus
papa): 3,861,115
hectares in 28 PA; Blue
Gaps
Opportunities
Element of Targets 11
and 12
Status
Whale (Balaenoptera
musculus): 5,832,080
hectares in 15 PA;
Humpback Whale
(Megaptera
novaeangliae):
5,843,971 hectares in 16
PA; Pronghorn
(Antilocapra americana):
3,734,130 hectares in 3
PA; Bisonte (Bison
bison): 526,482 ha in 1
PA; Castor (Castor
canadensis): 1,519,920
ha in 1 PA; Jaguar
(Panthera onca):
5,588,263 hectares in 38
PA; Manatee
(Trichechus manatus):
1,912,471hectares in 7
PA; Spider Monkey
(Ateles geoffroyi):
3,401,823 in 26 PA;
Brown Howler Monkey
(Alouatta palliata):
559,117 hectares in 3
PA; Black Howler
Monkey (Alouatta
pigra): 339,950 hectares
in 4 PA; River Otter
(Lontra longicaudis):
5,461,147 hectares in 8
PA; Black Bear (Ursus
americanus): 2,311,462
hectares in 9 PA; WhiteLipped Peccary (Tayassu
pecari): 1,402,963
hectares in 6 PA; Black
Tail Prairie Dog
(Cynomys ludovicianus):
748,756 hectares in 2
PA; Tapir (Tapirus
bairdii): 2,938,385
hectares in 18 PA;
Volcano Rabbit
Zacatuche
(Romerolagus diazi):
123,905 hectares in 3
PA; Gulf of California
Porpoise or Vaquita
Gaps
Opportunities
Element of Targets 11
and 12
Status
Gaps
Opportunities
The current status and
distribution of microendemic flora and fauna
species need to be
assessed in order to
define conservation
actions to those in
critical condition.
To promote
conservation action
plans for micro-endemic
species, particularly
those with restricted
distribution in PA.
(Phocoena sinus):
934,756 in 1 PA
A special conservation
program for Phocoena
sinus is in place in order
to avoid incidental
killings by fisheries.
Conservation status of
species in declined is
improved
372 animal species were
identified as key species
for conservation
MEXICO
(Second Draft September 30, 2015)
List of Priority Actions for the following 5 years to complete Aichi Goals 11 and 12
Element of Targets 11
and 12
Quantitative
elements: terrestrial
and marine
Ecological
representation
Priority Actions
1.
To successfully create 7 new projected terrestrial PA (for a total addition of
4,831,803 hectares) in order to increase in 2. 46 % for a total of 15.61% of
the Country.
2.
In order to overpass an additional 1.4 % required, by the end of 2016, to
classify and verify the conservation status of Mexico’s Wildlife
Management Units (UMA) in order to include those with optimal condition
and select them for the Aichi Goal 11 counting.
3.
Review Forest Reserves decreed in the past in order to select those which
could be transformed successfully into official PA for the National System.
4.
To successfully create 2 New projected marine PA (of 33,493,362 ha and
1,182,563 ha) in order to increase to 10.98 % of the marine territory of the
country.
5.
Increase efforts for consolidate Marine No Take Zones managed and
monitored by fisherman communities.
6.
Promote among the 31 State Governments the creation of additional
protected areas, especially within ecoregions currently under-represented.
Element of Targets 11
and 12
Areas important for
biodiversity
Areas important for
ecosystem services
Management
effectiveness
assessment(s)
Priority Actions
7.
Identify and implement new conservation mechanisms to protect areas of
high importance for the maintenance of ecological services.
8.
To review and quantify the major ecological services provided by the
Federal PA.
9.
Substantially increase the assessments of management effectiveness in
Federal PA in order to implement adaptative management for improving
performance.
Improvement(s)
10. Design and implement a performance monitoring system for the Mexico
Federal PA system to improve the follow-up of the management activities
in each PA.
Governance and
equity
11. To use the methodology of Indimap from the Coordinated Audit of PA
developed for 12 countries of Latin America for the follow up of the
performance of the Federal PA in Mexico.
12. To establish advisory councils in high priority existing PA, especially those
with higher opportunities to be inscribed into the IUCN Green List
13. To develop innovative schemes of equitable governance in selected PA.
14. To identify the overlap of Federal PA with indigenous lands in order to
design functional participation of indigenous people in the management
decision making processes.
Connectivity and
corridors
15. To promote a new agreement with Belize and Guatemala in order to keep
connectivity within the Mayan Rainforest shared by the three countries.
16. To develop and implement a formal initiative to establish a ecological
corridor in the Sierra Madre Occidental, based on the lessons learned from
the Sierra Madre Oriental Biological Corridor and the Mesoamerican
Biological Corridors developed in Southern Mexico.
Integration into wider
land and seascapes
17. To propose other sustainable development corridors in different parts of
the country.
18. To Analyze the feasibility of different alternatives for the integrated
management of landscapes and seascapes in order to promote sustainable
development and connectivity around Protected Areas.
Other effective area
based conservation
measures
19. To publish the official guidelines for Private Reserves (ADVC) certification in
order to increase the area under protection by this type of protected area.
Extinction of known
threatened species is
20. To promote specific assessments of major endangered species in order to
define a baseline.
Element of Targets 11
and 12
prevented
Conservation status of
species in declined is
improved
Priority Actions
21. To promote conservation action plans for micro-endemic species,
particularly those with restricted distribution in PA.