Updated 7/13/05
Exam I Material
1. Describe the levels of organization in a living organism. Give examples of each level.
2. Compare and contrast the terms polyphyletic, paraphyletic and monophyletic. Which
one is the best?
3. Describe the major tissue types in the animal kingdom. Give examples of the function
of each.
4. Describe the structure, cell types feeding and reproductive modes of sponges.
5. Describe me for the diversity of kingdoms we discussed in class.
6. Name the five levels of organization in organismal complexity and explain how each
level is more complex than the preceding.
7. Describe in as much detail as possible the 3 Domains of life. Give an example of an
organism in each kingdom
8. Compare and contrast eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Include a discussion of size,
movement, unique properties, reproduction and how they gain energy
9. Compare and contrast the four major tissue types in animals. In your discussion
include, cell types, cell sizes, unique fibers, matrices, cell function, cell mobility, their
ability to respond to a stimulus.
10. By what criteria do we classify organisms? Has the method we use changed over the
years.
11. Classify a human being from domain to species. Do the same for a southern leopard
frog
12. How did the first animals evolve from single celled organisms?
13. Define the terms, phylogeny, cladistics, ancestral characters and derived characters.
14. How do we determine if a characteristic is ancestral or derived?
15. How do monophyletic, paraphyletic, and polyphyletic taxa differ?
16. Describe one organism in each of the 8 eukaryotic kingdoms we discussed. Include a
discussion of feeding modes, locomotion, unique cellular features, and reproduction
17. What is symmetry? Compare and contrast bilateral and radial symmetry as they
apply to animal body designs
18. What are the major types of body cavities found in animals. What are the advantages
and disadvantages of each type?
19. What is a species? Support your definition with and example from the animal
kingdom.
Exam II Review
1. Describe the structure, cell types, feeding and reproductive modes of sponges.
2. Describe for me the diversity of protozoan organisms we discussed in class and from
chapter 11.
3. Describe the feeding and locomotory adaptations of protozoans.
4. Describe the types of reproduction found in protozoans.
5. In detail, draw a life cycle for Plasmodium, Typanosoma, and volvox. Label the
different phase of the lifecycle and identify what host they are present in?
6. Is the term “protozoa” a valid taxonomic group? Why or why not ?
7. How do protozoans osmoregulate? What structures and mechanisms are involved.?
8.What are the body types found in sponges? Trace the water flow through each type.
Label each anatomic or histological structure that water passes over.
9. Give the complete taxonomy of sponges. What features distinguish the different
groups?
10. Describe feeding in sponges.
11. Briefly describe the different theories of the origin of the Metazoa.
12 Describe in detail, ameboid, flagellar, and ciliar movement.
13. What are Mesozoans and Placozoans? Give examples of Mesozoans and
Placozoans, how do they live and how are they built?
14. Create a matching quiz of sponge cell types and their functions.
15. Define spicule, gemmule, monoecius, dioecious, parechymula, amphiblastula.
Exam III Review
1. What is a coral reef? Describe the parts of a reef, types of reefs, and the diversity of
animals what make up a reef. How does a coral reef form? What are the best conditions
for reef growth? What are some factors that damage reefs and inhibit their growth.
Describe the mutualisms found on coral reefs, which animals participate and what benefit
does each individual derive from the relationship?
2. If you were a Hydra, and wanted to be a sponge, what changes would you have to
undergo? Consider cell types, habitat, tissues, feeding , and reproduction.
3. List the major taxonomic groups of sponges, cnidarians, platyhelminthyes, and
nematodes. Give several examples of species in each group.
4. Create a matching quiz of cnidarian cell types.
5. Using your knowledge of parasite strategies and lifecycles, create a unique parasite
and describe its lifecycle. Begin with the main host as a sponge and infect a fish.
6. Review the lifecycles of the beef tape worm and the schistosome fluke.
7. How are tape worms different from other flatworms?
8. List out the complete taxonomy in the Phylums Cnidaria, Ctenophora, and
Platyhelmitheyes.
Rotifera
Explain the difference between a true coelom and a pseudocoelom
What is the normal size of a rotifer, where is it found; what are its major body features?
Describe the lifecycle of a rotifer . What unique reproductive adaptations do they have?
Nematoda.
Explain how a hydrostatic skeleton supports an animal.
What feature of body wall muscles in nematodes requires a high hydrostatic pressure in
the pseudocoelomic fluid for efficient function? How do they mate?
Write a one page essay describing the biology of nematodes, include, body structure, size
diversity, feeding , reproduction, and special adaptations.
Review nematode parasite lifecycles.
Mollusca
How are mollusks important to humans?
Distinguish among the following classes of mollusks: polyplacophora, gastropoda,
cephalopoda, bivalvia.
Define the following, mantle,cmantle cavity, pen, radula, veliger, trochopore.
What critical functions does the mantle perform?
Describe how a bivalve feeds and burrows. In your description include both food an
water flow through the animal.
Describe how cepahopods swim and eat.
Annelida
How do earthworms reproduce?
What are the different classes of annelids, describe their habitat, body form and feeding
modes. Give specific examples of animals in each class.
What are the major characteristics of the annelida?
Describe the annelid body plan including the body wall, segments, coelom, and its
components and coelomic lining.
How is locomotion different among the hirudinea, polychaeta, and oligochaeta?
Describe metamerism. What is the functional and structural significance of metamerism.
Include and example with a diagram.
Pognophora
What are vent worms? Whare are they found and how do they feed?
Compare and contrast annelids, mollusks, rotifers, nematodes and pognophorans? What
reproductive, feeding, structural and locomotory advances are seen in these animals.
Which ones are the most advance and most primitive in each category?
Final Exam Question
Pretend that I am a 6th grade student. Write me a detailed essay that would give a good
impression of what the animal kingdom is what phyla there are, and how they are similar
and different. Use the following themes in linking and comparing the animal phyla:
skeletons, excretion, feeding, reproduction, locomotion, or respiration. Write your
question as an essay, but you may include tables or diagrams as references.