ESTABLISHMENT of EDUCATION
" The grammar School № 4. Smorgon"
Warming of climate
The author of the project: Vezhnovets Katerina
10B grade,Smorgon,Belarus.
The curator: Sanjuk T.M.
2005
Climate is the weather conditions of a certain place, which are limited by compound
interaction of solar radiation, a surface and the circulation of atmosphere, connected
with them. At the same time the typical weather conditions means not only those
meteorological conditions, which the most frequently are reiterated on the given
territory, but also anomalous atmospheric phenomena, which not often, but occur here
(droughts, severe frosts, snowy or snowless winters, heavy showers).
During last years the great climatic anomalies have become more frequently and
have started to get especial intensity in different regions of the Earth. Unusual
deviations of weather conditions from the normal state of atmosphere have
considerably effected on economy of many countries, and in some cases have supplied
livers of large regions of the world on the brink of extinction. For example, the
drought in Sahelskaya zone of Africa, which lasted for 15 years, has forced hundreds
of thousands inhabitants to leave the places, where they had lived in. Heavy
conditions have developed in the east of Brazil, where the drought lasted for some
years. [1].
Sudden warming of climate, which has begun in the second half of 20-th century, is
a reliable fact. It is noticeable as winters became milder than before. The average air
temperature of down to earth layer has increased of 0,7*C in comparison with 19561957 years, when the First international geophysical year was held. There is no any
warming at the equator, but as closer to the poles, the more it is appreciable. Warming
increase in 2*C behind the Polar circle. Under ice water has become warmer in 1*C in
the North Pole and the ice cover has begun to melt from below.
What is the reason of this phenomenon? Some scientists consider that it is a result of
burning of huge weight of organic fuel and escape plenty of carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere, which is hotbed, as it makes return warmth from the earth’s surface
difficult.
So, but what is greenhouse effect? Billions tons of carbon dioxide hourly come into
the atmosphere as a result of burning coal and petroleum, natural gas and firewood.
Millions tons of methane are risen into the atmosphere on account of gas working and
from rice fields of Asia. Water steam and fluorine-chlorine-carbons are gushed out
into there too. All this is so called “hotbed gases”. Like the glass roof and walls pass
the solar radiation in a greenhouse, but don’t let warmth leave, carbon dioxide and
others “hotbed gases” are practically transparent for sunlight but detain long – ware
heat radiation of the Earth, and don’t let it leave for space.
As an example of a regional scale, special features of territorial – time changes of
climate of Republic of Belarus are analysed. It is necessary to note the exact of initial
material, which demonstrates the results of supervision over air and precipitations
temperature at 53 meteorological stations for the period from 1881-1990 years.
While analyzing territorial structure of temperature and precipitations fields it was
necessary to reject a hypothesis about interrelation of precipitations between some
separate stations. But the course of air temperature at the next stations has statistic
significance. The received results have allowed to come to a conclusion about
presence of temperature growth, which have led to warming of the atmosphere, as a
result of intensive development of industry. At the same time there is no reason to
consider that the established growth of air temperature above the territory of Belarus
is a result of increase of carbon dioxide of the atmosphere as long rise in temperature
was marked before.
Directions of climatic researches, which were formed in Belarus are successfully
developed and its approximate aspects find acceleration in different branches of
economy.
Table 1. [1]
Monthly average temperatures (*C) atmospheric
precipitations (mm) on meteorological station Marjina the Hill in 1972
IV
V
VI
VII VIII IV
V VI VII
VIII
Monthly average temperature (in
Deviations from the norm (in degrees)
degrees)
1,1
1,3 2,2
2,1
1,8
6,6
14,0 18,2
20,0
18,2
The sum of precipitations (in mm)
Deviations from the norm (in %)
34
55
69
122
30
83
104 96
142
40
“The Power boom” of the past century has increased the concentration of CO2 and
CH4 (methane) of the atmosphere. There was a real warming on the Earth this time.
Majority of scientists consider that the main reason of it is “greenhouse effect”.
Other scientists, referring on changing of climate during historical time consider that
the anthropogenous factor of warming is insignificant and connect this phenomenon
with the sun activity, which is increased.
Weather forecast for the future time (2030-2050 years) assumes possible rise in
temperature in 1,5-4,5*C. The International conference of scientists, who studies
climate, which was held in Austria in 1988, has come to such conclusions.
According to warming of climate a lot of questions appeared. How will it develop in
future? How will warming influence increase of evaporation of the Sea Ocean? How
will it change sea level as a result of ice melting? And many others questions. We
could answer all this questions after many various scientific researches. We have to
serve our planet in its primordial aspect.
The literature
1. "aib" Geography of a problem of teaching. Release 3. 1996. Release 7. 1997.
2. Global problems of mankind: a part 1. laurel S.B.& 1993.
3. The Encyclopedia for children: Т. 3 (Geography). - Editor S.I.Ismailova. - M.:
Avanta +, 1994.