Assiut university researches
Post-Flowering Drought Tolerance and StayGreen Inheritance in Grain Sorghum
‫وراث ة ت حمل اإلجهاد ال مائ ى ب عد اإلزهار و ص فة ب قاء‬
.‫ال ن بات أخ ضر ل مح صول ال ذرة ال رف ي عة‬
Iman Mohamed Mohamed Hassan
‫إمام محمد محمد ح سن‬
Mosaad Zaki El-Hefny, Mohamed Abdel-Moneim El-Morshidy,
Michael Fakhry Abadir Saba
‫ م ي ش يل ف خرى أب ادي ر ص با‬،‫ محمد ع بدال م ن عم ال مر ش يدى‬،‫م س عد زك ى ال ح ف نى‬
Abstract:
The present investigation was carried out at Shandaweel
Res. Station and Arab El Awamer Agr. Res Station to study
(i) the effect of water stress on stay green trait and some
agronomic characters (ii) estimate the genetic parameters of
stay green trait in grain sorghum. (iii) estimate general
combining ability effects and heterosis for agronomic traits.
Six restorer and six male lines were crossed to produce 36
hybrids .The parents and their crosses as well as the check
hybrid Sandaweel-6 were evaluated in two experiments in
each of Assiut and Sohag. The first experiment in each
location was normally irrigated (normal irrigation) while the
second experiment was normally irrigated until booting stage
then the irrigation was stopped until harvest which leads to
water stress during post flowering and seed filling ( water
stress). Data were recorded on days to 50% flowering, plant
height, 1000-grain weight and grain yield/plant. The staygreen were estimated according to van Oosterom et al.
(1996) of the upper ten leaves of five representative plants
per plot scored visually for leaf senescence at weekly
intervals from flowering until harvest. So, a logistic function to
describe the patterns of leaf senescence was used. The
obtained data were statistically analyzed for each experiment
in each location and combined over the two irrigation
treatments in either Sohag or Assuit . Also, combining ability
and heterosis were estimated from line × tester analysis. The
results obtained are summarized as follows: 1-The combined
analysis of variance over the two irrigation treatments in each
location showed highly significant differences between
irrigation treatments for all studied traits except plant height in
Sohag. Differences among genotypes were highly significant
for all studied traits. The interaction between genotypes and
irrigation treatments was highly significant for all studied
traits. Furthermore; the mean squares due to crosses (C),
parents (P), P vs. C, females (F), males (M), F×M and their
interaction with irrigation treatments were highly significant for
all studied traits except few cases. 2- Eight , 9 and 8 F1
crosses in Assiut and thirty one, 19 and 27 F1 crosses in
Sohag were significantly earlier than the check under normal,
water stress and over the two irrigation treatments,
respectively. The F1 crosses , (ATX 631×Dorado-G113) and
(SPGMA 94021×Dorado-G113) were the earliest for 50%
flowering under Assiut and Sohag conditions. Moreover, the
male parent (ICSR 93001) in Assiut and the female parent
(Apop 38) in both locations gave earlier crosses when
crossed with other parents. The results showed that
increasing water stress delayed flowering in grain sorghum.
Otherwise, increasing stress due to type of soil (new
reclaimed and poor fertility) in Assiut delayed flowering under
both treatments compared to Sohag location. 3- All F1
crosses which have Dorado–G114 as male parent gave
significantly taller plants than Shandaweel-6 under normal,
water stress and over the two irrigation treatments. On the
other hand, the F1 crosses which have ICSR 92003 as male
parent gave shorter plants under normal, water stress and
over the two irrigation treatments in Assuit. All hybrids gave
significantly taller plants when compared to the check hybrid
Shandaweel-6 under normal, water stress conditions and
over the two irrigation treatments in Sohag. 4- The reduction
in the average of 1000-grain weight for female, male lines
and F1 crosses under water stress conditions were 18.37,
18.28 and 14.64% in Assiut and 12.43, 15.84 and 18.37% in
Sohag, respectively. Moreover, average 1000 grain weight in
Assiut was less than Sohag location about 10.54% under
normal irrigation and 8.55% under water stress conditions.
There were 25, 30 and 30 F1 crosses in Assiut and 32, 32
and 31 F1 crosses in Sohag significantly surpassed the check
hybrid in 1000-grain weight under normal, water stress and
over the two irrigation treatments, respectively. The F1 cross
(ICSA 88005 × Dorado-G114) was the most promising in
1000-grain weight under either Assiut or Sohag conditions.
Likewise, the female parents SPGMA 94021 in Assiut, ICSA
88005 in Sohag and Apop 32 in both locations gave heaver
1000 grain weight when they were crossed with other
parents. 5- Reduction in grain yield/plant for the female, male
lines and F1 crosses by drought stress in Assiut was 30.74,
30.73and 25.01%, while in Sohag it was26.50, 16.04and
30.16%, respectively. However, average grain yield/plant in
Assiut was less as compared with Sohag location about
62.83% and 61.80% under normal and water, respectively.
Five, 18 and 13 F1 crosses in Assiut and twenty nine, 10 and
24 F1 crosses in Sohag significantly surpassed the check
hybrid in grain yield/plant under normal, water stress and over
the two irrigation treatments, respectively. Furthermore the
two F1 crosses (ICSA 88010×Dorado-ICSP12) and (SPGMA
94021×ICSR 92003) were high in grain yield/plant at both
locations. The female parents ATX 631 in Assiut, Apop 32 in
Sohag and SPGMA 94021 in both locations gave high grain
yield/plant when they were crossed with other parents. 6Four female parent; ATX 631, Apop 38, ICSA 88005 and
SPGMA 94021 and two male parents ( Dorado-G114 and
ICSR 92003) in Sohag and only one; Apop 32 in Assiut and
Dorado-ICSP 12, Dorado-G113 and ICSR 93001 in both
locations showed DSI values less than one. Likewise, fifteen
F1 crosses in Assiut and twelve F1 in Sohag exhibit DSI less
than 0.70. The F1 crosses (A pop 38 × ICSR 92003), (ICSA
88010 × Dorado), (ICSA 88010 × ICSR 92003), (ATX 631
×ICSR 92003) and (Apop38 × Dorado-G114) showed DSI
values less than 0.70 under Assuit and Sohag conditions. 7Reduction in the average of GLA for the female, male lines
and F1 crosses under drought stress were 30.47, 16.36 and
19.73% in Assiut and 14.14, 19.41 and 12.94% in Sohag,
respectively. Furthermore, GLA in Assiut was less as
compared with Sohag location about 50.5% under normal
irrigation and 54.5% under water stress conditions. There
were 3 and 16 F1 crosses in Assiut and 19 and 21 F1
crosses in Sohag significantly exceeded the check hybrid in
GLA under normal and water stress, respectively. The A-line
Apop-32 as well as the male parent Dorado-G114 and the F1
cross (ICSA88005 x ICSR93001) were the best stay-green
genotypes which conserve more GLA under water stress in
Sohag and normal and water stress in Assiut. 8- Water stress
decreased the relative GLAD% by 33.5, 26.4 and 38.5% in
Assiut, and 21.9, 14.3 and 35.7% in Sohag for female, male
parents and F1 crosses, respectively. Likewise, the relative
GLAD reduced in Assiut condition than Sohag about (10.4%)
and (17%) for all genotypes under normal and water stress,
respectively. The best female parents as well as the male
parents showing the highest GLAD% were APOP-38 and
Dorado in Sohag, SPGMA 94021 and Dorado-G114 in Assiut.
The best F1 cross was (APOP-38 x Dorado-G114) under
both locations. 9- Water stress decreased the average of
absolute GLAD by 46.44, 27.37 and 39.16% in Assiut, and
35.04, 31.35 and 44.10% in Sohag for female, male parents
and F1 crosses, respectively. Furthermore, the absolute
GLAD decreased about 55.8% and 53.7% in Assiut
compared to Sohag location under normal and drought
stress, respectively. Five and 10 F1 crosses significantly
exceeded the check hybrid in GLAD under normal and water
stress, respectively in Assiut. Likewise, in Sohag under
normal irrigation all hybrids which have Apop 38 as female
parents were significantly surpassed the check hybrid except
one hybrid. However, A-line APOP-32 and male parents
Dorado-ICSP 12 displayed the highest GLAD favorable
conditions but SPGMA 94021 had weaken senescence
mechanism, so the GLAD were high under stress condition.
10- The average of LAR decreased under drought stress
condition by 54.3, 41.7 and 50.5% in Assiut and 20.8, 27.3
and 52% in Sohag for the female, male parents and F1
crosses, respectively. Moreover, there was a strong reduction
under Assiut than Sohag so the average of LAR for all
genotypes were 3165.18 and 1660.53 in Sohag, while they
were 1508.89 and 760.85 in Assiut under normal and water
stress, respectively. Six and 10 F1 crosses significantly
surpassed the check hybrid in LAR under normal in Assiut
and Sohag, respectively. Likewise, the highest LAR estimates
were obtained by A-Line ICSA88005, R-lines Dorado-ICSP12
and the best F1cross regarding LAR was (ICSA-88010 x
Dorado-G113). Genetic parameters of stay green: The results
indicated that, the stay green traits in sorghum were
controlled by dominance gene exhibits various levels of
dominant gene action depending on the environment in which
the materials are evaluated. The narrow sense heritability of
stay-green and its component suggested that the successful
selection must be done under favorable conditions. 1-The
average degree of dominance for GLA were 5.20, 11.74, 3.69
and 3.82 under normal and water stress conditions in Sohag
and Assiut location, respectively. The broad and narrow
sense heritability estimates for GLA were (96.24 and 29.55),
(94.83 and 7.59), (93.55and 43.86) ,(91.86 and 41.44) under
normal and water stress conditions in Sohag and Assiut
location, respectively. 2- The average degree of dominance
for relative GLAD were 3.86, 5.15, 2.60 and 5.64 under
normal and water stress conditions in Sohag and Assiut
location, respectively. The broad and narrow sense
heritability estimates for relative GLAD were (87.05 and
38.79), (81.18 and 25.32), (89.79 and 57.42) and (81.46 and
22.30) under normal and water stress conditions in Sohag
and Assiut locations, respectively 3- The average degrees of
dominance for absolute GLAD were 3.94, 4.92, 2.76 and 4.35
under normal and water stress in Sohag and Assiut locations,
respectively. The broad and narrow sense heritability
estimates for absolute GLAD were (93.61 and 40.81), (90.41
and 30.77), (94.40 and 57.81) and (91.63 and 35.53) under
normal and water stress in Sohag and Assiut locations,
respectively 4-The average degrees of dominance for LAR
were 3.36, 8.42, 2.93 and 5.87 under normal and water stress
in Sohag and Assiut locations, respectively. The broad and
narrow sense heritability estimates for LAR were (89.76 and
46.22), (23.96 and 3.47), (88.39 and 51.5) and (89.36 and
23.10) under normal and water stress in Sohag and Assiut
locations, respectively General combining ability:- 1- The
female line ATX 631 under Assiut condition and the male
parents ICSR 92003 and Dorado-G114 under both locations
are good combiners for earliness. 2- The male parent
Dorado-G114 was a good combiner for plant height under
both locations. The female line Apop38 and the male parents
Dorado-ICSP12, Dorado-G113 and ICSR 92003 are good
combiners for shorter plants in both locations. 3- The two
female parents ATX 631 and Apop 32 are good combiners for
1000-kernel weight under both locations. 4- The female
parent ICSA 88010 under water stress and the male parent
Dorado-ICSP 12 under normal irrigation are good combiners
for grain yield/plant under the two locations. Heterosis 1Nineteen, 20, 23 and 21 F1crosses had positive and
significant heterosis values under normal and water stress in
Assiut and Sohag locations, respectively. The F1crosses
(Apop32 × Dorado-G114), (ATX 631 × ICSR 93001), (ICSA
88005 × DoradoG114) and (ICSA 88010 × DoradoG113)
showed the highest significant heterosis values in either
Assiut or Sohag under both treatments for 1000 grain weight.
2- Nine, 18, 26 and 10 F1 crosses had positive and significant
heterosis values under normal and water stress in Assiut and
Sohag locations, respectively. The F1crosses (SPGMA
94021× ICSR 92003) and (SPGMA 94021×DoradoICSP12)
showed the highest significant heterosis values in either
Assiut or Sohag under both treatments for grain yield / plant.