Marine Biology Final Review Outline
Banbor
Chapter 1 – The Science of Marine Biology
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Marine Biology
Oceanography
Reasons to study marine Biology
Chapter 2 - The Sea Floor
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Major ocean basins of the world
Major characteristics of the ocean basins
Density
Characteristics of Oceanic Crust
Characteristics of continental crust
Mid-ocean ridges – what happens at them
Trenches – Where are they found? What happens at them?
San Andreas fault
Sea floor spreading
Subduction
Continental drift
Major contributions of Alfred Wegner, Sir Francis Bacon
Evidence for Continental drift
Most productive areas of the ocean
Regions of the ocean bottom
Chapter 3 – Water
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Phases of water
Freezing point of water
Boiling point of water
Densist water temperature
Major ions in salt water
Units for salinity
Effect of evaporation, runoff, precipitation on salinity
Light penetration through water
Uses of the secchi disc
Relationship between pressure and depth
Coreolis Effect
Chapter 10 – Marine Ecology
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Abiotic vs. biotic factors
Community
Population
Factors that effect population growth
Competition
Predation
Mutualism
coevolution
commensalism
Parasitism
Symbiosis
Autotroph/heterotroph
Consumer/ producer
Percentage of energy passed from one level to the next
Roles of decomposers
Detritus – what is it? Importance?
Sessile
Plankton
Benthos
Nekton
Omnivore
Carnivore
herbivore
Importance of upwelling areas
Chapter 13 – Continental shelf
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Factors that effect the continental shelf
Relationship between sea otters, sea urchins and kelp beds
Resources of continental shelves
Dessication
Eel Grass scientific name
Epifauna
Infauna
Kelp
Substarate
Subtidal Zone
Be able to identify significant organisms of this zone
Chapter 15 – Open Ocean
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Organisms responsible for primary production in the open ocean
Adaptations of plankton to stay in the water column
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Limiting nutrients – most common in open ocean?
Zooplankton
Phytoplankton
Meroplankton
Holoplankton
Filter feeders – suspension feeders
Krill – who eats them?
Be able to identify significant organisms of this zone
Chapter 8 – Fish
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Be able to recognize major examples of each class
Three classes of fish, major characteristics of each, examples of each
Countershading
Chromatophores
Disruptive coloration
Warning coloration
Functions of swim bladder, liver, heart, intestine, pancreas, stomach, rectal gland,
gills, gill rakers, spiracles, veins, arteries
Function of the sharks liver
Three types of scales and which fish has each
Countercurrent exchange system – how does it work?
Body shapes and how they help a fish
Function of the claspers
Warning coloration
Major fins of each fish
Tail types and which classes have it
Chapter 16 – The Deep Sea
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Zones of the ocean and major characteristics of each
Resources that come from the surface
Photophores
Adaptations of mesopelagic and deep sea fish
Vertical vs. non-migrating fish
Function of bioluminescence of the deep sea
Pheromones
Deep sea hydrothermal vents – where does the energy come from?
Chapter 9 – Marine Amphibians, Reptiles, and Marine
Mammals
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Body parts of the sea turtle – characteristics of sea turtles
Most dangerous marine reptile
Penguins - body parts – uses of each
How do marine mammals stay warm
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Major representatives of order Pinnipedia, Cetacea
Difference between seals and sea lions
Examples of toothed whales
Examples of baleen whales
Baleen
Major food preferences for each marine mammal group
Function of breeching
Identify major marine mammals
Chapter 7 - Marine Invertebrates
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Major characteristics of each phylum
Examples of each phylum
Identify major representatives of each class
Chapter 11 – Between the Tides
 Upper and lower parts of the intertidal
 Characteristics used to classify intertidal communities
 How organisms deal with dessication
 Adaptations to life on the rocky shore
 Predominate methods of feeding in each intertidal area
 Limiting resources
 Vertical zonation – what is it? What causes it?
 Role of physical and biological factors in organism distribution
Chapter 12 – Estuaries
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How salinity changes in the estuary
Salt wedge
Types of substrates found in estuaries
Euryhaline/stenohaline
Major groups of organisms found in estuaries
Importance of estuaries
The physical factors that effect estuaries
Productivity and biodiversity of estuaries as compared to other ecosystems
Essay Topics – You will have to do two.
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Plate Tectonics
Open Ocean
Deep Sea
Dogfish
Intertidal Zone