Health and Toxicology
Vol. 20
Nos. 1-2
2003
0301-172. Amudha P, Sangeetha G, Mahalingam S (Dept Zoo, PG Extn Cent, Univ
Madras, Vellore 632004). Dairy effluent induced alterations in the protein,
carbohydrate and lipid metabolism of a freshwater teleost fish Oreochromis
mossambicus. Polln Res, 21(3) (2002), 293-295 [10 Ref].
Static bioassays reveal that the LC50 96 hour of dairy effluent for a freshwater fish
Oreochromis mossambicus was 50% of the effluent. The fish were reared in different
sublethal concentrations (10 and 15%) of the effluent for 30 days. Various
biochemical constituent in three tissues (gill, liver, muscle) of the fish were estimated.
These concentrations were found to decrease depending on the dose of the effluent.
0301-173. Anand M, Gupta GSD, Rana MD, Khanna RN (Indl Toxico Res Cent, PB
No. 80, MG Marg, Lucknow 226001). Peripheral neurotoxicity of cadmium and
hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) in rats. J Ecophysio Occupl Hlth, 2(3&4) (2002),
281-290 [18 Ref].
Male albino rats were divided into five groups and were orally administered cadmium
(0.4 mg/kg) and HCH (10 mg/kg) daily for 90 days. After 45 days one group of Cd
and HCH was supplemented vitamin E (50 mg/kg) till the end of experiment. The
group dosed with HCH + Cd had a significantly higher concentration of HCH in
plasma and tissues than the group dosed with HCH alone. The brain content of Cd
was significantly increased whereas a marked depletion of copper and iron was
observed in the group of Cd + HCH. Vitamin E affords protection against the Cd +
HCH induced neuronal toxicity.
0301-174. Asthana A, Pillai A, Gupta VK* (*Sch Std Chem, Pt Ravishankar Shukla
Univ, Raipur, Chattisgarh). Spectrophotometric determination of endosulfan.
Cheml Environ Res, 11(1&2)(2002), 39-45 [24 Ref].
A sensitive spectrophotometric method is proposed for the determination of widely
used pesticide endosulfan. The method is based on the liberation of sulphur dioxide
from endosulfan by adding acid reagent and alcoholic potassium hydroxide. The
liberated sulphur dioxide is then passed through potassium iodate solution and the
iodine liberated is then reacted with N-chlorosuccinimide and leuco crystal violet. The
method has been applied for the determination of endosulfan in water, soil and
vegetables.
0301-175. Bakora Neela, John PJ, Bhatnagar Pradeep (Environ Toxico Unit, Dept
Zoo, Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004). Evaluation of organochlorine insecticide
residue levels in locally marketed vegetables of Jaipur city, Rajasthan, India. J
Environ Bio, 23(3) (2002), 247-252 [11 Ref].
Study investigates the magnitude of contamination of organochlorine insecticides in
vegetables which were brought for sale to the consumers in the local markets of Jaipur
city, Rajasthan. Most of the collected samples were found to be contaminated with
residues of DDT and its metabolites isomers of HCH heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide
and aldrin. Some of the detected insecticides exceeded the limit of tolerance
prescribed by WHO/FAO. Seasonal variations of residue levels were also studied.
0301-176. Baskar Sushmita, Usha Rani MV (Dept Environ Sci, Bharathiar Univ,
Coimbatore). Genotoxic effects of untreated and treated paper mill effluents on
the somatic cells of Allium cepa L. Polln Res, 21(4) (2002) 469-471 [10 Ref].
Among the test systems, Allium cepa has been listed as an example of the plants used
in screening mutagens. A study was carried out to study the genotoxic effect of
untreated and treated paper mill effluents on the somatic cells of Allium cepa L. The
effluents lowered the mitotic index values.
0301-177. Baskar Sushmitha, Usha Rani MV (Dept Environ Sci Engng, Guru
Jambheshwar Univ, Hisar, Haryana). Cytogenetic and biochemical effects of
untreated and treated paper mill effluents on the somatic cells of Allium Cepa L.
Polln Res, 21(4) (2002), 473-477 [17 Ref].
Paper reports cytogenetic and biochemical effects of untreated and treated paper mill
effluents on the somatic cells of Allium cepa. The effluents lowered the mitotic index.
The effluent significantly lowered the protein, DNA and RNA content.
0301-178. Bharathi Ch, Sandeep BV, Subbarao BVSSR (Dept Zoo, Andhra Univ,
Visakhapatanam 530003). Effect of monocrotophos on the oxygen consumption of
a freshwater edible crab Paratelphusa hydrodromus. J Ecophysio Occupl Hlth,
2(1&2)(2002), 85-88 [19 Ref].
Freshwater crab Paratelphusa hydrodromus were exposed to 0.6 ppm to 5 ppm
concentration of the pesticide contamination of the medium by monocrotophos. The
results showed gradual increase in oxygen consumption of P. hydrodromus in
concentration ranging from 0.5 to 0.1 ppm and gradual decrease at higher
concentration ranging from 1.0 to 5.0 ppm. The change in oxygen consumption of the
crabs could be related to the interference respiratory enzymes.
0301-179. Bhatia NP, Sandhu GS, Johal MS (Dept Zoo, SGN Khalsa Coll, Sri
Ganganagar, Rajasthan 335001). Endosulfan induced changes in blood chemistry
of Heteropneustes fossilis. Polln Res, 21(3)(2002), 323-327 [17 Ref].
The effect of five sublethal concentrations of endosulfan were evaluated on serum
glucose, serum cholesterol and serum protein of Heteropneustes fossilis after 5d, 15d
and 30d exposure. Noticeable differences were observed in the blood chemistry of
treated fish. Intoxicated fish after 5d exposure showed hyperglycemia and
hypercholesterolemia, but insignificant increase was observed in protein content.
Prolonged exposure for 15d and 30 d resulted in decrease in all the three parameters.
0301-180. Bhaumik Utpal, Mitra A, Saha SK, Paria T (Centl Inland Capture Fisheries
Res Inst, Barrackpore 743101, W. Bengal). Professional health hazards among the
fin and shell fish collectors of Sundarbans. Env Eco, 20(3)(2002), 514-519 [4 Ref].
The development of prawn and fish industry largely depends on steady and adequate
supply of seed of desired species. During collection of seed, the collectors have been
observed to fall victim to some diseases. To assess the frequency of these diseases, an
investigation was carried out in some villages of Sundarbans. The results shows that
the poor people of Sundarbans who chose this profession for their livelihood, do not
afford to bear the cost of treatment. Therefore, it is high time that welfare programs be
launched for the benefit of those down trodden rural populace.
0301-181. Chaudhari Rajendra T, Sultana Masarrat (Dept Environ Sci, Dr Babasaheb
Ambedkar Marathwada Univ, Aurangabad 431004, MS). Effect of nickel chloride
and lead chloride on amylase activity of freshwater bivalve, Parreysia cylindrica.
Polln Res, 21(3) (2002), 341-342 [6 Ref].
The impact of nickel chloride and lead chloride on amylase activity of freshwater
bivalve, Parreysia cylindrica was studied. The activity of amylase after acute
treatment showed a decrease in both the tested heavy metals. NiCl2 was more toxic as
compared to CdCl2 affecting amylase activity.
0301-182. David M, Mushigeri SB, Prashanth MS (Dept Zoo, Toxico Div, Karnataka
Sci Coll, Dharwad 580001). Nickel induced changes on some aspects of protein
metabolism in the tissues of Pila globosa. J Environ Bio, 24(1) (2003), 69-75 [37
Ref].
Some aspects of protein metabolism were studied in foot, hepatopancreas and mantle
tissues of snail, Pila globasa on exposure to lethal concentration for 2 days (336.7
mg/L) and sublethal concentration (67.34 mg/L) of nickel for 1, 5 and 10 days. Total,
structural and soluble proteins decreased significantly and to continence, this the
levels of amino acids and protease activity increased in all the tissues of snail at all
time points examined. Under lethal and sublethal exposures, the changes in all the
parameters were pronounced in hepatopancreas followed by foot and mantle.
0301-183. Desai Himadri Sekhar, Nanda Balaram, Panigrahi Jayananda (Dept Zoo,
TF Coll, Bamra 768221). Toxicological effects on some biochemical parameters of
fresh water fish Channa punctatus (Bloch.) under the stress of nickel. J Environ
Bio, 23(3)(2002), 275-277 [20 Ref].
Toxicological effects of some biochemical parameters of freshwater fish Channa
punctatus (Bloch), under the stress of nickel (NiSO4 6H2O), at various concentrations
of 10, 20, 30 and 40 ppm for 30 days were observed. Gradual decrease in the levels of
liver protein and liver ascorbic acid due to proteolysis and liver glucose breakdown
respectively was observed. There was also gradual decrease in the brain protein level
showing significant alterations but the brain ascorbic acid level showed no significant
alterations.
0301-184. Dey Mithra, Gupta Abhik (Dept Eco, Assam Univ, Silchar 788011, Assam).
Acute toxicity of endosulfan on three anuran tadpoles. J Ecotoxico Environ Monit,
12(1)(2002), 61-65 [29 Ref].
Acute toxicity tests of pesticide endosulfan were performed on early stage tadpoles of
three anuran species - Bufo melanostictus, Limnonectes limnocharis and Microhyla
ornata. Mean LC50 values at 24,48,72 and 96 h were 0.057,0.029, 0.022 and 0.020
ppm for B. melanostictus; 0.0066, 0.004, 0.0014 and 0.0013 ppm for L. limnocharis;
and 0.0025, 0.0006, 0.00025 and 0.00016 ppm for M. ornata respectively. Several
behavioural as well as morphological changes were also observed in all the three
species.
0301-185. Dharmlata, Joshi Namita (Dept Environ Sci, Kanya Gurukul
Mahavidyalaya, Gurukula Kangri Univ, Hardwar 249404). Toxicity and respiratory
responses of Heteropneustes fossilis exposed to zinc chloride and fly ash leachate.
Himalayan J Env Zoo, 16(1)(2002), 87-90 [16 Ref].
Study evaluates the toxicological impact of flyash leachate and zinc chloride on fresh
water catfish Heteropneustes fossillis and the effect of leachates and zinc chloride
concentration on oxygen uptake of fish. The 96 hours LC50 values for zinc chloride
and flyash leachate were found to be 15.75mg/l and 550g/l, respectively. The oxygen
consumption was significantly reduced as compared to control, leading to respiratory
stress.
0301-186. Dhembare AJ, Sonawane Nalini V, Gacche RN (Dept Zoo, PVP Coll,
Pravaranagar 413713, Ahmednagar). Haematological responses in Rattus
norvegicus Linn. exposed to malathion. J Expt Zoo India, 6(1) (2003), 117-119 [13
Ref].
Some haematological tests were carried out on albino rat, Rattus norvegicus. The rats
(8.05 g) were exposed to LD50 (24 hr) malathion. Haematological tests like WBC,
RBC, Hb%, PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC were recorded on 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs
post dose. A decrease in RBC, WBC and Hb% observed in 24 hrs exposure and
increase in 48 hrs and onward shows gradual decrease.
0301-187. Dinodia GS, Jain KL, Gupta RK (Dept Zoo Aquacult, CCS Haryana Agric
Univ, Hisar 125004). Effect of cadmium toxicity on total body carbohydrates and
residual protein contents in some fresh water fishes. Himalayan J Env Zoo,
16(2)(2002), 171-176 [18 Ref].
The effect of cadmium toxicity on some biochemical components in commonly
available fresh water species Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus mrigala and Cyprinus carpio
were studied. Marked reduction was recorded in the body tissue carbohydrates and
residual protein in all the three fish species after 45 days of exposure to cadmium as
compared to control which may be due to dysfunction of several physiological and
biochemical processes in the body, and it renders the fish incapable of normal growth.
0301-188. Gupta DK, Mehrotra Neeta, Gupta Neelima (Dept Zoo, Bareilly Coll,
Bareilly, UP). Haemoglobin changes in Rattus norvegicus due to heavy metal
intoxication. Himalayan J Env Zoo, 16(1)(2002), 91-94 [17 Ref].
Exposure of albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) to different combinations of lead acetate
and zinc acetate indicated differential changes in haemoglobin concentration due to
heavy metal intoxication. A maximum fall in haemoglobin content was observed in
rats exposed to a combination of zinc acetate and lead acetate. It was observed that
zinc acetate was more toxic and interfered with heme systhesis to a greater extent as
compared to lead acetate.
0301-189. Gupta Neelima, Gupta DK, Verma VK (Dept Anim Sci, MJP Rohilkhand
Univ, Bareilly). Assessment of some haematological parameters in Heteropneustes
fossilis exposed to lead nitrate. Himalayan J Env Zoo, 16(1)(2002), 63-66 [16 Ref].
Experiments were conducted to observe the toxicity of lead nitrate in the fresh water
cat fish, Heteropneustes fossilis at varying concentration of 2.25 mg/l and 2.85 mg/l.
Observation on Total Erythrocyte Concentration (TEC) and Hb% indicate as fall in
both parameters reaching upto a maximum 32% in TEC and 34% at the higher
concentration of 2.85 mg/l of PbNO3 at day 21 post treatment.
0301-190. Gupta Neeraj, Dua Anish (Dept Zoo, Guru Nanak Dev Univ, Amritsar
143005). Mercury induced architectural alterations in the gill surface of a fresh
water fish, Channa punctatus. J Environ Bio, 23(4)(2002), 383-386 [14 Ref].
An air-breathing fresh water fish Channa punctatus was exposed chronically to
sublethal concentrations of mercuric chloride and the respiratory surface was found to
exhibit lesions, lifting of lamellar epithelium and increased number of mucus gland
openings. The damage increased with increase in the concentrations. The gill surface
was studied using scanning electron microscope.
0301-191. Gurjar BR, Mohan Manju (Cent Atmos Sci, Indian Inst Techno, Hauz Khas,
New Delhi). Potential health risks due to toxic contamination in the ambient
environment of certain Indian states. Environ Monit Assess, 82(2) (2003), 203-223
[32 Ref].
Article deals with the assessment of potential health risks related to certain
carcinogens and non-carcinogens (e.g. cadmium, chromium and nickel) present in
three environmental media, viz., air, water and food in different Indian states (regions).
Appropriate dose-response models have been identified and used for this purpose with
the assumptions and input data as per the Indian context. Mean values of ambient air
concentration levels of Cd, Cr and Ni have been used to estimate the individual and
societal risks of extra cancer in different states of India. The hazard quotients and
hazard index representing the non-carcinogenic chronic health effects caused by
chromium and cadmium due to their long-term exposure through water and food have
also been estimated.
0301-192. Haider SS, Haider SJ (Dept Anat, Jawaharlal Nehru Medl Coll, Aligarh
Muslim Univ, Aligarh 202002). Arsenic-initiated peroxidative damage in brain,
liver and kidney of pregrant rats. Cheml Environ Res, 11(1&2), 189-192 [8 Ref].
Acute arsenic poisonings commonly result from suicidal or accidental injestion. The
brain is rich in unsaturated lipids, and lipid peroxidation is known to produce cellular
damage in the toxicity of environmental pollutants and heavy metals. This
investigation demonstrates the amount the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances
formed, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, in different regions of the brain, in the liver
and in the kidney of the rats.
0301-193. Hazarika Ranjit (Dept Zoo, MC Coll, Barpeta 781301). A study of
neurotoxicity of BHC in relation to residual accumulation on the brain tissue of
Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). J Environ Bio, 24(1) (2003), 77-80 [11 Ref].
Neurotoxic effect of BHC, the organochlorine pesticide in Heteropneustes fossilis has
been studied exposing at the dose concentration of 1 ppm, 5 ppm and 10 ppm in lab
aquarium for 96 hours over a period of one year. The results showed the behavioural
abnormalities in different exposure concentrations. Severe behavioural abnormalities
were recorded at high dose concentration of pesticides with higher accumulation of
pesticide residues in brain tissue.
0301-194. Ingle ST, Shinde DN, Namdas SB (Sch Environ Sci, North Maharashtra
Univ, Jalgaon 425001). Effects of rogar and endosulfan on the metabolism of
fresh water sponge (Spongilla lacustris). J Environ Bio, 24(1)(2003), 63-67 [21 Ref].
Spongilla lacustris were exposed to lethal concentrations of pesticides, rogar and
endosulfan for one month period. Metabolites like carbohydrates, protein and enymes
like those that peroxidase and carbonic anhydrase were estimated in the experimental
and control animals. The results show depletion of carbohydrates while protein
elevated as the days progressed. Similarly an enzyme activity found to be decreased in
exposed Spongilla lacustris.
0301-195. Johal MS, Sandhu GS, Kaur R (Dept Zoo, Panjab Univ, Chandigarh).
Effect of fenvalerate on acid and alkaline phosphatase activity in certain tissues
on Heteropneustes fossillis (Bloch). Polln Res, 21(3)(2003), 309-313 [24 Ref].
Fenvalerate induced alterations in the activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases
were quantified in the catfish Heteropneustes fossillis. The fish, exposed to different
graded concentrations of fenvalerate for 30 d, elucidated an elevation in the activity of
acid phosphatase, and inhibition in the activity of alkaline phosphatase in muscle,
liver and kidney.
0301-196. Joseph KO, Krishnani KK, Gupta BP, Muralidhar M (Centl Inst
Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Rd, RA Puram, Chennai 600028).
Acute toxicity of some heavy metals to the shrimp Penaeus monodon. Aquacult,
3(2)(2002), 143-148 [11 Ref].
Static bioassay tests for acute toxicity of five heavy metals to the shrimp Penaeus
monodon in brackishwater medium (salinity 15 ± 1.0 ppt) were conducted. The 96 h
LC50 values of metals such as Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd and Hg were found to be 4.20, 1.50, 1.20,
0.15 and 0.03 ppm respectively for shrimp of size group 33-46 mm. Except mercury,
the concentration of other heavy metals were below detection level of the instrument
used. Based on the LC50 values and derived safe concentrations, the inflow sea water
appeared to be safe at present levels of mercury at 0.0003 ppm.
0301-197. Khan AK, Shaikh AM, Ansari NT (Dept Zoo, Dr BA Marathwada Univ,
Aurangabad 431004). Tissue glycogen level in different body parts of the green
mussels, Perna viridis exposed to zinc chlorides in summer season. Uttar Pradesh
J Zoo, 22(1)(2002), 37-40 [18 Ref].
Green mussels Perna viridis (shell length 80-90 mm) from Bhatye creek, Ratnagiri in
summer were exposed to ZnCl2 of 0.2 ppm and 0.4 ppm (1/10th LC0 and LC50) for 7
days, 7 days laboratory depuration and 7 days field depuration. The glycogen content
in 0.2 ppm and 0.4 ppm exposed (7 days) showed increased level in gill,
hepatopancreas and adductor muscles while 7 days laboratory depurated 0.2 ppm
group of animal showed increase in gill, hepatopancreas adductor muscles and 0.4
ppm group of animal in adductor muscles, gill, hepatopancreas, siphon.
0301-198. Krishna Gopal, Gupta Neelima (Dept Fish Genetics Biotechno, Centl Inst
Fisheries, Mumbai 400061). Effect of heavy metals and fungal toxins on the
chromosomal structure of carp. J Ecophysio Occupl Hlth, 2(1&2)(2002), 65-72 [17
Ref].
The fingerlings of Labeo rohita were exposed to sub-lethal concentration / doses of
copper, cadmium, zinc and aflatoxin for different duration. The effects of these
substances were observed in the form of chromosomal abnormalities developed
during the test period. The abnormalities were reported to be 5-8% when the
fingerlings were exposed for duration of eight days. Exposure of more than eight days
at the given dose of the pollutants caused complete mortality of the stock.
0301-199. Kumar Pradeep, Purohit DC, Prasad AK, Maji BK, Mani U, Dutta KK,
Paul BN (Indl Toxico Res Cent, Lucknow 226001). Histobiochemical alterations in
rat lungs induced by inhalation of trichloroethylene. J Ecophysio Occupl Hlth,
2(3&4)(2002), 265-274 [33 Ref].
Inhalation toxicity was assessed by exposing rats of 376 ± 1.76 ppm trichloroethylene
(TCE) for 28 days and 90 days in a dynamically operated all glass whole body
inhalation chamber. The lysosomal rupture resulting in increased activity of acid
phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) along with reduced glutathione
content and increased total sulphydryl contents in lungs confirmed pulmonary damage
by TCE and or biotransformed products of TCE.
0301-200. Lakshmana Rao PV, Gupta Nidhi, Bhaskar ASB, Jayaraj R (Div
Pharmacology Toxico, Defence Res Dev Estb, Jhansi Rd, Gwalior 474002). Toxins
and bioactive compounds from cyanobacteria and their implications on human
health. J Environ Bio, 23(3)(2002), 215-224 [68 Ref].
Many species of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) produce secondary metabolites with
potent biotoxic or cytotoxic properties. The mass growth of cynobacteria which
develop in fresh, brackish and marine water commonly contain potent toxins.
Cyanobacterial toxins or cyanotoxins are responsible for or implicated in animal
poisoning, human gastroenteritis, dermal contact irritations and primary liver cancer
in humans. Article discusses cyanobacterial toxins and their implications on human
health.
0301-201. Mathur Neera, Krishnatrey Richa, Sharma Subashini, Pathak Shipra,
Sharma KP (Dept Zoo, Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004). Certain haematological
responses in swiss albino mice following exposure to textile dye wastewater. J
Environ Bio, 24(2)(2003), 161-164 [19 Ref].
Adults swiss mice were administered 5% solution of textile industry wastewater
orally for 25 days and haematological parameters like RBC, WBC, Hb, and PCV were
studied, Red cell indices like MCV, MCH and MCHC were calculated. Results
indicate significant reduction in RBC, Hb and PCV levels. It is inferred that toxic
effluents cause metabolic alteration in erythrocytes and reduce their Hb carrying
capacity.
0301-202. Mehra Rita (Dept Appl Chem, Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati Univ, Ajmer
305009). Scalp hair as a biological marker for trace elements in humans. Polln
Res, 21(3)(2002), 253-259 [28 Ref].
The metal levels in hairs in polluted and unpolluted environments provide an insight
into potential bioaccumulation, mobility within the ecosystem and response
relationship. Monitoring the metal bioaccumulation in organisms need a strict analysis
of quality control samples. Inter laboratory analysis add to the reliability and validity
of data in biomonitoring of trace/toxic metals. Paper gives details of the observations
made in respects to these aspects in the analysis of human hair made in a metal
exposure assessment study.
0301-203. More PR, Vadlamudi VP, Degloorkar NM, Rajurkar SR (Dept Pharmaco
Toxico, Coll Vet Anim Sci, Marathawada Univ, Parbhani 431402, Maharastra).
Health monitoring of farm labourers engaged in MIPC 50 WP field sprays. J
Environ Bio, 24(2)(2003), 205-209 [9 Ref].
Investigations were undertaken to monitor the health status of farm labourers engaged
in field sprays of MIPC 50 WP (Hexamicin, Mipcin), a carbamate insecticide on
cotton crop, as per the protocol approval by the Central Insecticide Board. The spray
personnel (mixers, loaders and sprayers) with protective clothing did not reveal any
alteration in clinical, hematological and blood bio-chemical profile during exposure
and post exposure periods. The spray personnel without protective clothing showed
only a marginal reduction in their blood cholinesterase activity during the exposure
period.
0301-204. Nagarajan K, Shasi Kumar R (Dept Zoo, Sri Vasavi Coll, Erode 638316,
Tamil Nadu). Effect of sago effluent on selected physiological aspects of the fresh
water fish Labeo rohita. J Ecotoxico Environ Monit, 12(3)(2002), 233-238.
The determination of LC50 to Labeo rohita for 72 hours in treated and untreated sago
effluent confirm that 35% and 3% was LC50 for treated and untreated sago effluent
respectively. Labeo rohita reared in 15% treated sago effluent recorded maximum
conversion rate of 18.80 mg/g/day and conversion efficiency of 37.61%.
0301-205. Nanda Prasanta L, Nath Debendra P, Behera Milan K (Dept Zoo, LN Coll,
Jharsuguda 768202). Respiratory metabolism of fish Oreochromis mossambicus
(Peters) exposed to pulp and paper mill effluents. Env Eco, 20(3)(2002), 570-572
[11 Ref].
Studies on respiratory metabolism of fish Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) exposed
to different concentrations (5,10,20 and 40%) of pulp and paper mill effluent were
done for a period of 15 days and there was a marked decrease in oxygen consumption
rate from control. Difference in oxygen consumption rate of the fish in different
concentration was significant (F=63.1, P<0.001) whereas the difference between the
days was insignificant (F=2.75).
0301-206. Panda Smeeta, Sahu Sanjat K (Dept Environ Sci, Sambalpur Univ, Jyoti
Vihar 768019, Orissa). Acute toxicity assessment of three pesticides to the
earthworm Drawida willsi. J Ecotoxico Environ Monit, 12(3)(2002), 215-223 [24
Ref].
The acute toxicity of butachlor, malathion and carbofuran to the earthworm Drawida
willsi was determined. The 96-h LC50 values for juvenile, immature and adult
earthworms were calculated following Finney’s probit method. The LC50 values for all
the age groups ranged from 7.72 to 10.22 mg/kg for butachlor, 12.38 to 16.22 mg/kg
for carbofuran and 15.07 to 18.81 mg/kg for malathion. The LC50 valus of D. willsi
determined for three pesticides were much higher than their respective recommended
agricultural doses.
0301-207. Prasad Bijay Bhushan (Dept Zoo, SNS Coll, Motihari 845401, Bihar).
Effect of copper and zinc in the gills of Channa marulius. J Ecotoxico Environ
Monit, 12(1)(2002), 35-40 [12 Ref].
The histopathological and histochemical examinations of the gills of Channa marulius
under CuSO4 and ZnSO4 indicate damaging effect. However, the changes observed
were found similar and indistinguishable and followed the same course of
development in both pollutants. The changes observed in the structure of the gills of
the fish seem to cause by irritation and absorption of the pollutants.
0301-208. Ramalingam K, Murabai P (PG Res Dept Zoo, Govt Art Coll, Nandanam,
Chennai 600035). A time course test on LC50 determination of chlorine toxicity
and its sub-lethal effects on tissue histology of Oreochromis mossambicus.
Aquacult, 3(2)(2002) 125-130 [29 Ref].
The toxic impact of biocide chlorine (NaoCl) on the tissue histology of an euryhaline
teleost fish Oreochromis mossambicus revealed marked abnormalities. The liver cells
showed degeneration and blood cells occlusion/stasis. The kidney tissue revealed
tubular dilation, cloudy swelling of cells and necrosis. The gills demonstrated mucous
elaboration, epithelial lifting and interlamellar cell debris formation. The above
change in turn may result in tissue hypoxia and the consequent metabolic changes.
0301-209. Rangaswamy CP (Centl Inst Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai 600 008).
Endosulfan induced alterations in the ionic composition of blood of Oreochromis
mossambicus (Peters). Polln Res, 21(4)(2002), 443-445 [17 Ref].
Significant alterations in the ionic composition of blood were recorded in
Oreochromis mossambicus exposed to sub-lethal and lethal concentrations of
endosulfan. Dysfunction of osmoregulatory processes was manifested by the
increased levels of serum sodium, potassium and chloride and decreased levels of
phosphate and bicarbonate. This calls for careful application of pesticides in plant
protection operations to ensure proper protection of fishery resources.
0301-210. Rathore Rashmi Singh, Khangarot BS (Ecotoxico Div, Indl Toxico Res
Cent, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, UP). Effects of water hardness and metal
concentration on a freshwater Tubifex tubifex muller. Water Air Soil Polln, 142(14)(2003), 341-356 [74 Ref].
The acute toxicity of selected heavy metals to a freshwater T. tubifex Muller was
determined in very soft, soft, hard and very hard (12, 45, 170 and 300 mg CaCO3 L-1
total hardness, respectively) water, Percentage mortality of T. tubifex as influenced by
heavy metals was studied in water of variable hardness. Water hardness had a
significant effect on heavy metals toxicity. The results indicate that Cu, Cd, Hg and
Zn induced autonomy of the caudal region and mucus production. It is concluded that
water hardness parameters should be considered in establishing appropriate water
quality criteria and standards for the protection of aquatic fauna and flora, and
ultimately human health.
0301-211. Saxena Anju, Saxena DK, Srivastava HS (Dept Bot, Bareily Coll, Bereilly,
UP). The influence of glutathione on physiological effects of lead and its
accumulation in moss Sphagnum squarrosum. Water Air Soil Polln, 143(1-4)(2003),
351-361 [39 Ref].
Attempt has been made to study the physiological and biochemical responses and to
evaluate the bioaccumulation potential of moss Sphagnum to environmental lead.
Supply of 0.1 to 100 mM lead acetate caused a loss in chlorophyll and nitrogen
content of moss and in nitrate reductase activity in the moss, although the peroxidase
activity was increased. Partial recovery in the above parameters was recorded upon
simultaneous treatment with glutathione. Results also indicate that treatment with
glutathione increased the bioaccumulation potential by lowering the lead toxicity.
0301-212. Shibu Vardhanan Y, Radhakrishnan Tresa (Dept Aquatic Bio Fisheries,
Univ Kerala, Thiruvanthapuram 695581). Acute toxicity evaluation of copper,
arsenic and HCH to paddy field crab, Paratelphusa hydrodromus (Herb). J
Environ Bio, 23(4)(2002), 387-392 [26 Ref].
Routine static tests were conducted for determining the median lethal tolerance limit
of paddy field crab, Paratelphusa hydrodromus exposed to copper, arsenic and HCH
at different time intervals of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The LC50 values for copper came
to be 28.00, 22.00, 18.00 and 15.70 ppm; arsenic 136.00, 128.00, 121.00 and 114.00
ppm and HCH 10.00, 8.80, 7.00 and 6.00 ppm, respectively. The safe concentration,
application factor and safe application rate were calculated for Copper: 5.56, 1.59 and
3.26 ppm, Arsenic : 38.53, 11.40 and 76.00 and HCH: 4.07, 0.06 and 1.28 ppm.
0301-213. Shrivastava Sapna, Singh Sudha, Shrivastava Keerty (Dept Zoo, Sarojini
Naidu Govt Girls PG Coll, Shivaji Nagar, Bhopal 462023). Effect of carbaryl on
glucose content in the brain of Heteropneustes fossilis. J Ecotoxico Environ Monit,
12(3)(2003), 205-208 [11 Ref].
Glucose content in the brain of Heteropneustes fossilis, exposed to sub-lethal
concentration of carbaryl (0.04 ppm) for a period of one month has been studied. The
brain showed significant decrease in glucose content from first week of treatment
onwards. The amount of glucose decreased from -67.3%, to and -80.8% for a period
of 30 days.
0301-214. Sindhu NV, John Thomas K (Dept Zoo, Christ Church Coll, Irinjalakuda
680125, Kerala). Effect of lead on the behaviour of Oreochromis mossambicus. J
Ecotoxico Environ Monit, 12(3)(2002), 167-175 [15 Ref].
The effect of lead on the behaviour of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) exhibited
alteration in their behavioural patterns. The majority of fish exposed to lead remained
in the upper layer of the water column, whereas the untreated fish positioned
themselves either in the middle or the bottom of the water body. Feeding activity of
the fish decreased on exposure to lead. The majority of the individuals exhibited
difficulty in locating and handling the food materials.
0301-215. Srivastava AK, Srivastava LP (Indl Toxico Res Cent, PB No 80, MG Marg,
Lucknow 226001). Health risk characterisation of pyrethroid exposure: a review.
J Ecophysio Occupl Hlth, 2(3&4)(2002), 153-162 [25 Ref].
The use of pyrethroids and pesticides have now diverse application extending from
crop protection to personal protection. The comparatively greater margin of safety and
low incidence of side effects makes them attractive and add to their value. The review
is an effort to characterize their health risk in human exposure situations. It suggests a
watch on introduction of chemical variants of pyrethroids and clinicotoxicological
vigilance should be maintained.
0301-216. Srivastava Neera, Kaushik Neeru, Gupta Pallavi (Fish Bio Lab, Dept Zoo,
Univ Rajsthan, Jaipur 302004). Zinc induced changes in the liver and muscle of
fish Channa punctatus (Bloch). J Ecophysio Occupl Hlth, 2(3&4)(2002), 197-204
[26 Ref].
Toxicity of zinc has been evaluated in Channa punctatus (Bloch), after exposing the
fish to sublethal concentrations of ZnSO4 (10 mg/L, 15 mg/L and 25 mg/L) for 15
days. Biochemical changes in the liver and muscle were noted after 8, 10 and 15 day
autopsy intervals. Significant depletion was recorded in liver glycogen, total proteins
and cholesterol levels and similar results were obtained for muscle glycogen and
proteins. These changes were time and dose dependent.
0301-217. Subramanyan Janaki (Dept Bot, Miranda House, Univ Delhi, Delhi
110007). Biodegradable plastics, (The) Botanica, 52(2002), 31-36 [9 Ref].
Phthalates, used as plasticisers, and dioxins, released during recycling plastics, cause
health hazards including cancer. The plastic menace can be solved by using ecofriendly biodegradable plastic - the polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), which are storage
compounds synthesized by over 50 genera of bacteria. Biopol is a biodegradable
plastic [poly (3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-3-hydroxyvaleric acid)] manufactured using
Ralstonia eutropha.
0301-218. Suresh Babu G, Farooq M, Ray RS, Joshi PC, Viswanathan PN, Hans RK
(Indl Toxicol Res Cent, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, UP). DDT and HCH
residues in basmati rice (Oryza sativa) cultivated in Dehradun (India). Water Air
Soil Polln, 144(1-4)(2003), 149-157 [16 Ref].
DDT, HCH, their isomers and metabolities were analyzed in samples of soil and rice
plants collected from ten different villages of a well-known Basmati rice growing area
in Dehradun. Residues of both pesticides were found in all samples of soil and
different parts of rice plants except for a few grain samples. Maximum residue was
observed in husk and minimum in grains. The average concentration of DDT in soil
ranged from 0.013 to 0.238 ppm. The average concentration of DDT in rice grain
varied from 0.002 to 0.040 ppm. The average concentration of HCH in soil ranged
from 0.122 to 0.638 ppm. The average HCH concentration in rice grain ranged
between 0.013 and 0.113 ppm.
0301-219. Tilak KS, Veeraiah K, Jhansi Lakshmi S (Dept Zoo, Nagarjuna Univ,
Nagarjunanagar 522510). Studies of some biochemical changes in the tisues of
Catla catla (Hamilton), Labeo rohita (Hamilton) and Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton)
exposed to NH3-N, NO2-N and NO3-N. J Environ Bio, 23(4)(2002), 377-381 [15
Ref].
Biochemical changes, total proteins, glycogen, aspartate and alanine (AAT and ALAT)
amino transferases were studied with exposure of sublethal concentrations of NH3-N,
NO2-N and NO3-N to the freshwater fish Catla catla (Hamilton), Labeo rohita
(Hamilton) and Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton). Depletion in the food reserves and
enzyme activity was observed in all the three fish species exposed to those toxicants.
Hence, the concentrations of NH3, NO2 and NO3 in water need to be monitored in
water quality in aquaculture practices.
0301-220. Tilak KS, Yacobu K (Dept Zoo, Nagarjuna Univ, Nagarjunanagar 522510).
Toxicity and effect of fenvalerate on fish Ctenopharyngodon idellus. J Ecotoxico
Environ Monit, 12(1)(2002), 9-15 [30 Ref].
Fenvalerate, a synthetic pyrethroid was tested in the fish Ctenopharyngodon idellus
(Velenciennes) to determine LC50 values for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h by employing static
and continous flow through system (C.F.). The static LC50 values are 10% higher to
C.F. values. The fish were exposed to sublethal concentration of 1/10 of 24 h of LC50
(3.45 mg/l) for 8 days. During the period of exposure, decreased levels of glycogen
and proteins were observed. The percentage of degree varies in different tissues and is
between 40 and 60%.
0301-221. Tilak KS, Yacobu K (Dept Zoo, Nagarjuna Univ, Nagarjuna Nagar 522510,
AP). Fenvalerate : a synthetic pyrethroid toxicity to fresh water fishes. Env Conv
J, 2(2&3)(2001), 63-66 [18 Ref].
Fenvalerate is used extensively and is most effective pyrethroid. The technical isomer
is a mixture of four optical isomers 2 S, a S, 2R and a S. The 2S isomers are more
toxic than 2R. The toxic action of the toxicant depends on metabolism and mode of
action in aquatic organism. Hence to study it static and continuous flow through tests
were conducted to determine LC50 values to the freshwater fish. The possible
mechanism of toxic action is presented.
0301-222. Trivedi SP, Kumar Manoj, Banerjee Indrani (Environ Toxico Lab, Dept
Zoo, Univ Lucknow, Lucknow 226007). Linear alkyl benzene sulphonate (LAS)
induced xenobiotic anomalies in the activity of LDH and SDH in the muscles of
fresh water teleost, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). J Ecophysio Occupl Hlth,
2(3&4)(2002) 205-214 [34 Ref].
Short-term static bioassays were conducted for 24, 48, 72 & 96 hr durations by
exposing an air breathing food fish Heteropneustes fossilis to three different fractional
concentrations of LC values of LAS. Significant changes in the activities of lactate
dehydrogenase (LDH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) in the muscles of H.
fossilis were recorded under different sets of xenobiotic exposures of neutralized form
of LAS. The findings are thus quite alarming and confirm the hazardous nature of
syndet/detergent pollutants.
0301-223. Vasantha WB, John Mary (Dept Maths, Indian Inst Techno, Madras,
Chennai 600036). Fuzzy analysis to study the pollution and the disease caused by
hazardous waste from textile industries. Ultra Scientist Phyl Sci, 14(2)(2002), 248251 [3 Ref].
Paper studies the diseases caused by hazardous waste from the textile industries and
analyze, the major diseases suffered by people staying around a textile industry. Since,
the very concept of the diseases to which a person staying in the neighbourhood of a
textile industry is a vague concept and further one may suffer from one or more
diseases in different degree. Paper uses fuzzy analysis in general and fuzzy
associative memories in particular to study this problem and gives the conclusion of
the study.
0301-224. Verma Yeshvandra, Rana SVS (Toxico Lab, Dept Zoo, Ch Charan Singh
Univ, Meerut 250004). Biological monitoring of exposure to toluene in Indian
shoe makers. J Ecophysio Occupl Hlth, 2(1&2)(2002), 127-134 [29 Ref].
Indian shoe industry poses a serious health risk to shoe makers. This observation was
made while studying the urinary hippuric acid in subjects exposed to glue for different
periods. Urinary hippuric acid increased with increase in period of exposure to
toluene. A comparative study amongst smokers, alcoholics and non-vegetarian
subjects was also made. It is concluded that smoking and alcohol consumption
enhance excretion of hippuric acid.
0301-225. Vijaya Lakshmi G, Bharathi Ch, Sandeep BV, Subba Rao BVSSR (Dept
Zoo, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam 530003). Toxicity of endosulfan and carbaryl to
a brackish water oligochaete Pontodrilus bermudensis. J Ecophysio Occupl Hlth,
2(1&2)(2002), 39-43 [14 Ref].
Organochlorine and carbamate pesticides (endosulfan and carbaryl) are found toxic to
brackish water Oligochaete Pontodrilus bermudensis at different seawater
concentrations. Both the pesticides are highly toxic in low salinity concentrations
(25%). Endosulfan exerted more infleunce than carbaryl on the worm. Behavioural
and symptomatical changes in the worm are more pronounced in endosulfan exposed
worms. The results showed that the toxicity of both the pesticides as synergistic at
low concentrations of sea water.