Supplementary Table S1: Antibodies Antibody Specificity Source Dilution References Mouse-anti- Amino acid sequence Dakocytomation (Hamburg, 1:2001 S2 Aβ8-17 8-17 of Aβ Germany) Rabbit-anti- Amino acid sequence Synaptic Systems 1:2002 S3 Aβx-38-40-42-43 13-29 of Aβ (Göttingen, Germany) Monoclonal Pyroglutamyl residue Synaptic Systems 1:5001 S3 mouse-anti- at position 3 of Aβ (Göttingen, Germany) Digoxigenyla Pyroglutamyl desidue Synaptic Systems 1:1002 (27) -ted-anti- at position 3 of Aβ designation (clone 6F3D) pE3Aβ (clone 2-48) (20 µg/ml) pE3Aβ 1:10001 S4 Thermo Scientific 1:1002 S5 1:10001 S6 1:20001 S7 1:5001 S8 Monoclonal Phosphorylated serine Thermo Scientific (Bonn, mouse-anti- 202 and threonine 205 Germany) AT8 of human tau Biotinylated Phosphorylated serine AT8 202 and threonine 205 of human tau Rabbit-anti- Phosphorylated Invitrogen (Karlsruhe, pT205 threonine 205 of Germany) human tau Rabbit-anti- Phosphorylated serine Christian Czech (Hoffmann- pS422 422 of human tau La-Roche, Basel, Switzerland) Monoclonal Conformation- mouse-anti- dependent threonine AT100 212 and serine 214 of Thermo Scientific human tau Dr. Peter Davies (New York) 1:5001 S9 Dr. Peter Davies (New York) 1:4001 S10 Ionized calcium- Wako Chemicals (Neuss, 1:10001 S11 binding adapter DE) 1:4002 Monoclonal Phosphorylated serine mouse-anti- 396 and 404 of human PHF-1 tau Monoclonal Aberrantly folded, mouse-anti- conformationally MC-1 changed human tau Rabbit-antiIba-1 1:2003 molecule 1 Guinea pig- Recombinant human anti-GFAP GFAP Synaptic Systems 1:2003 S12 1dilution for avidin/biotinyl-peroxidase method with nickel-enhanced DAB as chromogen. 2dilution for Cy3-immunolabelling. 3dilution for Cy2- or Cy5-immunolabelling. Supplemental References S2. Czasch S, Paul S, Baumgärtner W. A comparison of immunohistochemical and silver staining methods for the detection of diffuse plaques in the aged canine brain. Neurobiol Aging 2006;27:293--305 S3. Hartlage-Rübsamen M, Morawski M, Waniek A, et al. Glutaminyl cyclase contributes to the formation of focal and diffuse pyroglutamate (pGlu)-Aβ deposits in hippocampus via distinct cellular mechanisms. Acta Neuropathol 2011;121:705--19 S4. Goedert M, Jakes R, Vanmechelen E. Monoclonal antibody AT8 recognises tau protein phosphorylated at both serine 202 and threonine 205. Neurosci Lett 1995;189:167--9 S5. Härtig W, Lehmann J, Stieler J, et al. Simultaneous detection of tau phospho-epitopes with haptenylated antibodies. Neuroreport. 2006; 17:869-74 S6. Yu Y, Run X, Liang Z, et al. Developmental regulation of tau phosphorylation, tau kinases, and tau phosphatases. J Neurochem 2009;108:1480--94 S7. Grueninger F, Bohrmann B, Czech C, et al. Phosphorylation of Tau at S422 is enhanced by Abeta in TauPS2APP triple transgenic mice. Neurobiol Dis 2010;37:294--306 S8. Yoshida H, Goedert M. Sequential phosphorylation of tau protein by cAMPdependent protein kinase and SAPK4/p38delta or JNK2 in the presence of heparin generates the AT100 epitope. J Neurochem 2006;99:154--64 S9. Greenberg SG, Davies P, Schein JD, et al. Hydrofluoric acid-treated tau PHF proteins display the same biochemical properties as normal tau. J Biol Chem 1992;267:564--9 S10. Jicha GA, Bowser R, Kazam IG, et al. Alz-50 and MC-1, a new monoclonal antibody raised to paired helical filaments, recognize conformational epitopes on recombinant tau. J Neurosci Res 1997;48:128--32 S11. Imai Y, Ibata I, Ito D, et al. A novel gene iba1 in the major histocompatibility complex class III region encoding an EF hand protein expressed in a monocytic lineage. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996;224:855--62 S12. Michalski D, Heindl M, Kacza J, et al. Spatio-temporal course of macrophage-like cell accumulation after experimental embolic stroke depending on treatment with tissue plasminogen activator and its combination with hyperbaric oxygenation. Eur J Histochem. 2012;56:e14