MOOD. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
ENTRY TEST
Units 3-4
1. Choose the correct word or phrase to fill the spaces.
1) Mother will be very tired if she ..… home by train. .
A) will go
B) shall go
C) goes
2) If I ..… her address, I would give it to you.
A) knew
B)had known
C) know
3) If I were taller, I ..... a policeman.
A) became
B) become
C) would become
4) If I tell you a secret, ...... not to tell it to anyone else?
A) will promise
B) promise
C) would
promise
5) Unless you ..... more careful, you will have an accident.
A) will be
B) shall be
C) are
6) … he arrives, everyone must stand.
A) until
B) when
C) supposing
7) If you … away, please write to me.
A) go
B) will go
C) went
8) If I … Jack, I'll tell him the news.
A) saw
B) have seen
C) see
9) … you had a baby girl. What would you call her?
A) supposing
B) in case
C) when
10) Peter … his exams if he studies hard.
A) passed
B) will pass
C) passes
D) went
D) shall know
D) shall become
D) promised
D) were
D) as long
D) have gone
D) shall see
D) until
D) is passing
2. Choose the correct answer.
11) If I see/will see Mike I tell/will tell him everything.
12) If you don't hurry/will hurry, you will miss/miss the train.
13) If I go/would go to the seaside, I'll take/take my son with me.
14) If Mike receives/has received the telegram I'm sure he phones/will phone
you tomorrow.
15) As soon as/before you hear the alarm, run for the exit.
16) His French won't improve provided/unless he studies with me.
17) If you phone/will phone me I will pick/pick you up.
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18) If she changed/would change her job she earned/would earn more.
19) If I lived/would live in Spain I did/would do a lot of sunbathing.
20) If I stay/will stay late I always get/will get a taxi.
3. Choose between Conditional Type I and Type II to complete the dialogue.
David: Hey, Dad! What (21) … (you/say) if I (22) … (tell) you I was saving
up for a motor-bike? A Triumph 750. I saw a new model in the
Superbike Store.
Dad:
I (23) … (say) you (24) … (be) mad! Motor-bikes are killer machines
as far as I'm concerned. I (25) … (think) about it carefully if I (26) …
(be) you.
David: Why? Why couldn't I have my bike if I (27) … (save) the money? You
(28) … (not be) pleased to see me with a bike like that?
Dad:
No, I (29) … (not be). If you (30) … (plan) to die young, then you
(31) … (have better) go ahead and buy it. If I (32) … (have) the
choice, I (33) … (not go) near a motorbike. I (34) … (buy) myself a
cheap little car instead. I (35) … (feel) much safer on four wheels!
David: Well, I (36) … (not buy) a car even if you (37) … (give) me the
money! Cars are so middle-aged and boring. I just (38) … (not enjoy)
driving around on four wheels if I (39) … (be able) to afford to buy
two. It's super fast.
Dad:
Is that all you think about? Speed? Your mother (40) … (be) really
worried if she (41) … (know) you were planning to get a motor-bike. I
(42) … (not like) to say how she (43) … (go) to feel about the idea.
David: I (44) … (not say) any more if I (45) … (be) you because I've just
bought it on Hire Purchase. If you (46) … (care) to take a look
outside, you (47) … (see) it parked in the front drive. You (48) …
(like) to come for a ride on it?
Unit 5
4. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form.
49) Jessica was here not long ago. If you … (come round) earlier, you … (see)
her.
50) I'm so glad that you took me to your friend's party. If we … (not go) there, I
… (never meet) Ann.
51) They've been married for 25 years now but I don't think she … (marry) him
if she … (know) what a selfish man he was.
52) Fortunately, the explosion took place at night when the streets were empty.
It … (be) a disaster if it … (happen) in the middle of the day.
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53) We wanted to go out yesterday but the weather was terrible. If it … (be) a
nice day, we … (go) for a picnic.
54) If you … (come) to the theatre yesterday, you … (enjoy) the play.
55) She … (get) a promotion last year, if she … (not argue) with the boss.
56) If only I … (know) you already had tickets, I … (not get) any for you.
57) The accident was Ann's fault. She was driving too close to the car in front.
If she … (be) further away he … (be able) to stop in time.
58) We were traveling with false passports. That was the trouble. If our
passports … (be) all right we … (not be) arrested.
5. Complete the following sentences.
59) We would have stayed in Moscow longer … .
60) I wouldn't have been so angry when we got there … .
61) If I had read more … .
62) If you had known about the party yesterday … .
63) They would have got tickets for you … .
6. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Yesterday the famous bank robber, Fingers Smith, robbed another bank in
the center of town. As usual, he only stole 10 pounds. If he (64) … (leave) any
clues, he (65) … (be) in prison now, but he is too much clever. He disconnected
the security cameras; if he (66) … (not/do) that, the police (67) … (have) him
on film now. The strange thing is, Fingers doesn't seem to be interested in the
money; if he (68) … (be), he (69) … (can/steal) thousands of pounds by now.
The police are determined to catch him, and the Chief is confident that they
will. He says that if he (70) … (think) they weren't going to arrest Fingers
eventually, he (71) … (leave) the police force long ago.
Unit 7
7. Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
Some sentences require a negative.
72) Peter is always late. If only … (turn up) on time for a change.
73) If only … (lose) all my money. Now I'm broke.
74) Bruce wishes he … (have) more money so he could buy a new sweater.
75) I wish it … (snow) now that it's Christmas.
76) I wish you … (keep) your mouth shut yesterday. Now Mary knows
everything.
77) Of course Tom wishes he … (come) with us to Paris, but he has to stay here
and work.
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78) I wish we … (go) to the match on Saturday, but we're visiting my uncle
instead.
79) I wish you … (do) that. It annoys me.
80) I wish you … (stop) watching TV while I am talking to you.
81) I wish … (come) so we could go off to the seaside.
8. Translate into English.
82) Хорошо бы завтра не было дождя.
83) Если бы ты позвонил мне вчера, я бы взяла твои книги.
84) Я позволю своему сыну поехать туда, если он бросит эту идею.
85) Жаль, что ты этого не понимаешь.
86) На твоём месте, я не придавала бы этой проблеме такое огромное
значение.
87) Жаль, что сегодня так холодно.
88) Если бы вы приняли лекарство, вы бы были сейчас здоровы.
89) Мы посидим в кафе, пока они будут ходить по магазинам.
90) Он бы не провалил вступительный экзамен, если бы усерднее
готовился к нему.
91) Я пошлю ему телеграмму, если он завтра не приедет.
92) Хорошо бы он уже пришёл.
93) Я буду обращаться к нему по этому вопросу до тех пор, пока не
добьюсь своего.
94) Он пожалел, что не знает адреса девушки.
95) Если бы я был на вашем месте, я бы никогда не стал разговаривать с
ней таким тоном.
96) Если бы она не любила его, она бы не поехала с ним.
97) Он выступал первым. Ах, если бы вы слышали, как он говорил.
98) Теперь они смеются надо мной. Ах, если бы я не показывал им эти
стихи.
99) Если бы ты вовремя предупредил меня, я бы никогда не пошла туда.
100) Жаль, что они расстались. Они были прекрасной парой.
Total: 100/ ________
Mood. Conditional Sentences
Unit 1
§1
66
THE INDICATIVE, IMPERATIVE,
AND SUBJUNCTIVE MOODS.
MOOD. GENERAL INFORMATION
Mood is the form of the verb that shows in what relation to reality
the speaker places the action expressed by the predicate verb.
There are the following three moods in English:
 the Indicative Mood,
 the Imperative Mood, and
 the Subjunctive Mood.
The Indicative Mood presents actions as real facts: We are
happy. No one has washed the dishes yet. They invited me to the party.
The Indicative Mood has the categories of tense, aspect, voice,
number and person (see Part II): Jane hasn't been here for a year. He is
going to college. He can't be relied on.
The Imperative Mood expresses a command or request. The
verb in the Imperative Mood has practically only one form which
coincides with the stem of the verb: Introduce me to your friend. Don't
speak to me in such a tone!
The verb let is used, as a rule, with imperative first and third
person expressions, as Let us assemble in the hall! or Let every one
sign his name.
The Subjunctive Mood of a verb indicates action or state as
supposed or imagined or as contrary to the fact:
If only I had much money! (but I don’t have it) – Если бы у меня были
(сейчас) деньги! (но у меня их нет)
If only I hadn’t failed my English exam! (but I failed) – Если бы
только я не провалил свой экзамен по английскому языку! (но я
провалил).
Mood. Conditional Sentences
§2
67
THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
1. The forms of the Subjunctive Mood.
The most common forms of the Subjunctive Mood may be
referred to as the Present Subjunctive, the Past Subjunctive and
the Perfect Subjunctive.
The Present Subjunctive Mood has the same form as the
Infinitive without to:
Though all the world be false, still will I be true.
In complex sentences after that-clause it may also have the form
of the auxiliaries should, would, may (might) or shall (now very
seldom) and the Infinitive of the notional verb:
I recommend that the plans (should) be carried through. (The
verb should is often omitted).
The Past Subjunctive has the same form as the Past
Indefinite, except the verb to be that has the form were for all the
persons singular and plural:
I wish he worked harder. (but he doesn’t)
I wish he were less remote.(but he is not)
I wish you were here. (but you are not)
The Perfect Subjunctive has the same forms as the Past
Perfect:
If only he had worked harder (but he didn’t)
If I had visited him yesterday! (but I didn’t)
He speaks about it as if he had seen it himself (but he didn’t)
2. The use of the Subjunctive Mood.
The Subjunctive Mood may be used nowadays in simple
sentences to express hope, wish or prayer (the Present
Subjunctive) as in:
God save the Queen! God forgive you! Manners be hanged!
But mostly the Subjunctive Mood is used in complex sentences:
 in that-clauses expressing resolution, recommendation,
command or necessity (the Present Subjunctive):
The judge demands that the prisoner tell the truth.
I insist that he (should) meet me;
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 in if-clauses and after the verb to wish (see Unit 7) to denote an
unreal condition referring to the present or future or to the past if
the verb in the if-clause expresses an action simultaneous with
the action in the principal clause (the Past Subjunctive):
If I were young!
I wish I were a gipsy.
I wished he were less remote.
He wished she would stop thanking him.
 in conditional sentences both in the subordinate clause (ifclause) to express an unreal condition, and in the principal
(main) clause to express an unreal consequence (see Units
2-6):
1) If she were here, you would notice him. (The Past Subjunctive)
Если бы она была здесь, она бы заметила его
the if-clause
the main clause
2) If we had had a rope, we could have saved him. (The Perfect
Если бы у нас (тогда) был канат,
Subjunctive)
мы бы спасли его
the if-clause the main clause
Unit 2
THREE TYPES OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
1. So, both the Indicative Mood and the Subjunctive Mood
are used in conditional sentences to express different types of
condition and consequence.
The verb in the Indicative Mood in one of the present tenses
expresses a real condition and a real consequence:
If it rains, I shall stay at home.
If you have finished, you can go out.
The verb in the Subjunctive Mood (the Past and Perfect
Subjunctive) expresses different unreal conditions and
consequences:
1) an unreal condition and consequence in the present or
future is expressed by the verb in the Past Subjunctive:
If only we had a rope (but we haven’t) we could save him!
(Ср. рус.: Если бы у нас (сейчас) был канат!)
If only it rained tomorrow (but it may not), I could stay at
home!
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2) an unreal condition in the past is expressed by the verb in
the Perfect Subjunctive:
If only we had had a rope (but we didn’t) we could have
saved him. (Ср. рус.: Если бы у нас (тогда) был канат, мы
бы его спасли)
2. Thus, we may speak about three major types of complex
conditional sentences, or conditionals (Units 3-5):
1) Conditional I: with a real condition and a real consequence
expressed by verbs in the Indicative Mood:
If he runs, he will catch the train.
2) Conditional II: with an unreal condition and an unreal
consequence in the present or future expressed by verbs in
the Past Subjunctive:
If he ran, he would catch the train.
3) Conditional III: with an unreal condition in the past and an
unreal consequence expressed by verbs in the Perfect
Subjunctive:
If he had run, he would have caught the train.
3. There is also a mixed type of conditional sentences with an
unreal condition (Unit 6) where:
a) the condition refers to the past but the consequence refers
to the present or future:
If you had taken your medicine yesterday, you would be well
today.
b) the condition refers to no particular time and the
conesquence refers to the past:
If he were not so absent-minded, he would not have mistaken
you for your sister.
Unit 3
TYPE I CONDITIONALS
Type I Conditionals talk about things which will possibly happen
and consider their real consequences for the future.
If I see her, I shall be very glad. Если я увижу её, я буду очень рад.
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Type I Conditionals may have the following structures:
1. The verb in the if-clause is in the Present Indefinite tense;
the verb in the main clause is in the Future Indefinite:
if-clause
if + Present Indefinite
If he works hard
main clause
Future Indefinite (will + Infinitive)
he will pass his exams
2. Other structures in the if-clause and in the main clause are
possible, depending on what you want to say:
if- clause
main clause
if + Present Indefinite
If you behave yourself,
modal verb
you can come.
if + Present Indefinite
If you don't work,
to be going to (future)
you're going to fail.
if + Present Indefinite
If you need anything,
Imperative
ask.
if + Present Continuous
will + Infinitive
If we're leaving soon,
I'll get on my coat.
if + Present Perfect
If I've finished,
will + Infinitive
I'll be able to come.
if + Present Perfect
If you've finished,
modal verb
you can go out
Imperative
Eat less,
and/or + will
and you will get slim.
3. Alternatives to ‘if’ in conditionals.
So/As long as you promise not to tell, you can come too.
You can drive this car provided/providing (that) you're fully
insured.
Suppose/Supposing something goes wrong, what then?
Mario can't come with us, even if he is your best friend.
You can come in on condition that you don't stay long.
Unless Peter changes his attitude, he's going to find himself in
trouble.
(Unless you go = If you don't go)
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EXERCISES
1. Put the verbs into the correct form.
1) If I tell you a secret, you (promise) not to tell it to anyone else?
2) If I lend you $10, when you (repay) me?
3) If you will kindly sit down, I (make) enquires for you.
4) The police (arrest) him if they catch him.
5) Someone (steal) your car if you leave it unlocked.
6) Unless he (sell) more he won’t get much commission.
7) If the house (burn) down we can claim compensation.
8) Unless you are more careful, you (have) an accident.
9) If a driver brakes suddenly on a wet road he (skid).
10) If you (not known) the meaning of a word you may use a dictionary.
11) I’m not expecting any messages you say that I’ll be (ring) while I am out
could you say that I’ll be back by 6.00?
12) If Jack (refuse) to help we’ll have to manage without him.
13) You can ask for a continental breakfast if you (not want) a full breakfast.
14) If you (finish) with your dictionary I’d like to borrow it.
2. Put the verbs into the correct tenses.
1) I’ll look for your notebook and if I (find) it I (give) you a ring.
2) If you (like) I (get) you a job in this company.
3) If you (smoke) in a non-smoking compartment the other passengers (object).
4) I’ll wash the glasses in this nice hot water. – No, don’t. If you (put) them
into very hot water they (crack).
5) I expect it will freeze tonight. – If it (freeze) tonight the roads (be) slippery
tomorrow.
6) He’s only 16 but he wants to leave school at the end of the term. – If he
(leave) now he (be) sorry afterwards.
7) If he (win) he (get) $1,000, if he (come) in second he (get) $500.
8) If you (give) me your phone number, sir, we (let) you know when it
(arrive).
9) How long ... it ... (take) if you (order) one for me?
10) If it (not fit), madam, (bring) it back and we (change) it.
11) If you (wait) a minute, sir, I (see) if the manager (be) free.
12) I (get) any discount if I (pay) cash?
13) If you (leave) it with me now, it (not take) more than a couple of days to
repair.
14) If you (not see) what you (want), sir, just (ask) one of the assistants.
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3. Use the correct verb form instead of the Infinitive in brackets.
1) Mother (to be) very tired, if she (to go) home by train.
2) If the weather (to be) fine next weekend, we (to go) to the country.
3) I (to be) always at home if you (to ring) me up this summer.
4) I always (to help) you this year if you (to need) help.
5) Granny sometimes (not to hear) if little Eddie (to call) her.
6) If the days (to be) sunny in spring, we (to work) in the garden.
7) If Father (to leave) for the south, Mother (to start) preparations.
8) If my parents (not to work) on Saturday, we all (to go) skiing.
9) My father (to buy) a new house, if the bank manager (to lend) him the
money.
4. Choose the correct expression in the following sentences.
Model: You can drop in and see us whenever/on condition you like.
1) Until/When he arrives, everyone must stand.
2) We’re not going to stop digging until/as soon as we find the ancient ruins.
3) They’re going to check the building before/as long as the President arrives.
4) Those flowers will be in bloom immediately/by the time spring comes.
5) Please phone your dad the time/immediately.
6) Supposing/In case you had a baby girl –what would you call her?
7) Whether/If Chelsea wins the cups depends on Dennis being on good form.
8) When/After the Smiths arrive, ask them to wait outside my office.
9) As soon as/Before you hear the alarm, run for the exit.
10) You’ll recover quickly once/provided you rest.
5. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the word in
brackets. Use will, going to, Present Simple and Present Perfect. There are
may be two possibilities.
Model: As soon as I save/have saved (save) enough money, I’m going to go
on a long holiday.
1) I hope you’ll be awake when I ____(come) home.
2) Come when you ___ (be) ready.
3) We’d like to stay up until the film ___ (finish).
4) All the tickets will have been sold by the time we ___ (get) there.
5) Don’t open your eyes till I ___ (tell) you to.
6) Whether she ___ (play) on Saturday depends on what the doctor says.
7) I ___ (tell) you a secret on condition that you ___ (not tell) anyone else.
8) I ___ (lend) you the book as long as you ___ it ___ (bring back) on
Monday.
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9) We ___ (take) our swimming things in case we ___ (get) a chance to go
swimming.
10) We ___ (go) to bed as soon as the programme ___ (finish).
6. Rewrite each of the following to form a conditional sentence (Type I).
1) The chauffeur may drive fast. Then they’ll catch their train.
2) Perhaps both Steve and James will be successful. Then everyone will be
happy.
3) His mother wants to make him study law. Then he’ll be unhappy.
4) Caroline wants to change her job. Then she’ll earn more money.
5) Perhaps Steve won’t go to university. Then he’ll start work in a bank.
6) He wants to go to university. Then he’ll study history or languages.
7) Perhaps she won’t say anything. Then he’ll decide himself.
8) James wants to become a tennis player. Then he’ll make a lot of money.
9) We may have a puncture. Then we’ll telephone the nearest garage.
7. Some workers are demonstrating outside their factory. Use their demands
to decide what they actually say to the managers and make conditional
sentences (Type 1).
8. The managers of the factory are considering the worker’s demands.
Complete the sentences by choosing suitable linking word from the box
below.
provided that, supposing, unless, in case, as long as, so long as
1) We’ll pay them more money ___ they work harder.
2) We won’t give them longer holidays ___ they promise to be more
productive.
3) We won’t shorten their lunch-break ___ they agree to start earlier.
4) We’ll have to improve safety standards ___ someone has an accident.
5) We’ll consider providing better working conditions ___ we have enough
money.
6) ___ we introduce a shorter working week, how will we make a profit?
7) We’ll include worker representatives in the Board of Directors ___ they’re
trained to manage.
8) We’ll let some of full-time workers stay with us ___ they agree to be lowerpaid.
9. Complete the following sentences.
1) You’ll soon be in trouble if ... .
2) If you help me a bit, ... .
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3) Dad, if you carry on like this, I ... .
4) If you drive so fast, we ... .
5) The house will soon be very dirty, if ... .
6) If they get a new manager, he ... .
7) The team won’t make more money unless ... .
8) You won’t be seasick if ... .
9) Why don’t you visit Mom if ... .
10) More people won’t visit their matches unless ... .
11) What will happen if ... ?
12) Look up the answer in the key only if ... .
13) ... only if you promise not to tell anyone else.
14) If the worst should come to the worst ... .
15) Give me time and ... .
16) We’ll just manage to catch the train if ... .
17) If I see him again I ... .
18) What will he say if ... ?
10. Think of a suitable way to complete the second half of the dialogue.
Model:
– Do you think we’ll still catch the train?
– Well, we won’t unless we hurry.
1) – Do you think Patrick has much chance to pass the summer session?
– Well, we won’t unless .... .
2) – I hear you’re planning to go camping next weekend.
– We hope to, provide that ,... .
3) – You don’t need to take a map, do you?
– But supposing ... ?
4) – Do you think I should send it registered post?
– It might be a good idea, just in case .... .
5) – Can I borrow your car?
– Yes, so long as ... .
6) – So, you’re thinking of buying that second-hand car?
– Well, as long as ... .
7) – Are you going to ask Nick to help you?
– Well, unless ... .
8) – Could you lend me some money, Pete, to repair my motorbike?
– I will, so long as ... .
9) – Jane, tell Mr. Lewis I’ll see him right away.
– I do, in case ... .
10) – Oh, dear, tell me what’s happened to Sue?
– O.K. I’ll tell you the whole truth so long as ... .
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11. Translate into English:
1) Я пошлю ему телеграмму, если он завтра не приедет.
2) Как только я получу водительское удостоверение, я сразу же куплю
машину.
3) При условии, что ты будешь есть меньше, ты не будешь такой полной.
4) Мы посидим в баре, пока она ходит по магазинам.
5) Я вернусь не позднее 6 часов, если меня не задержат в университете.
6) Он не придёт, если его жене не станет лучше.
7) В случае, если пойдёт дождь, я останусь дома.
8) Когда бы вы не пришли ко мне, я всегда буду рад вас видеть.
9) Если Анна посмотрит эту передачу по телевидению, то она будет знать
о чём идёт речь.
10) Как только они завершат работу над докладом, они вернутся к этой
проблеме.
11) Я загляну позже, если будут какие-нибудь новости.
12) Если ты не будешь вести машину осторожно, ты попадёшь в аварию.
13) Собака залает, если ты постучишь в дверь.
14) Если я закончу все дела на этой неделе, я уеду в заграничное
путешествие.
15) Мы поедем отдыхать при условии, что ты сдашь экзамен по
английскому языку,
Unit 4
TYPE II CONDITIONALS
1. Type II Conditionals usually talk about imaginary situations
referring to the present or future in the if-clause and speculate about
their imaginary consequences in the main clause.
if-clause
If + Subjunctive Past
If it rained tomorrow
main clause
would + Infinitive
he would stay at home
Though past tenses are used, the reference is not to the past
time but to the present or future.
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Subjunctive Past (see Unit 2 in this chapter) is used in if-clause
and the group ‘modal verb (most often would or should) +
Infinitive’ forms a compound verbal predicate in the main clause:
If I saw her, I would be very glad.
If it were not for your help, I
should not be able to do it.
Если бы я увидела её, я была
бы очень рада.
Если бы не ваша помощь, я бы
не смог это сделать.
In spoken English would is often shortened to ‘d: If you stopped
smoking, you’d feel better.
Other modals can replace 'would' in Type II Conditionals when
we feel the imaginary consequences are less likely, or when we are
referring to ability, possibility, etc.:
condition to be satisfied
If I were here,
If he were here
If he failed,
likely outcome
he could help us (ability).
he might help us (possibility).
he ought to/should try again (duty).
2. Type II Conditionals are used:
1) When the supposition is contrary to the fact:
If I knew her address, I would give it to you (but I don't
know it).
If I were taller, I would become a policeman (but I am not).
2) When we don't expect the action in the if-clause to take place:
If a burglar came into my room, I should throw something at him
(but I don't expect a burglar to come in).
If he ran all the way, he would get there in time (but I don't
suppose he will run all the way).
3) To give advice or to refer to somebody else:
If I were Jane/in Jane's position, I'd walk out on him.
NOTE: If I were
'Were' should be used in place of 'was' after If I/she/he/it.
If I were better qualified, I would apply for the job.
If I were you, I would go there by bus.
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EXERCISES
1. Put the verb into the correct form.
Model: If I found $100 in the street, I would keep (keep) it.
1) I’m sure Tom will lend you some money. I would be very surprised if he
___ (refuse).
2) Many people would be out of work if that factory ___ (close) down.
3) If she sold her car, she ___ (not/get) much money for it.
4) They’re expecting us. They would be disappointed if we ___ (not/come).
5) Would George be angry if I ___ (take) his bicycle without asking.
6) Ann gave me this ring. She___ (be) terribly upset if I lost it.
7) If someone ___ (walk) in here with a gun, I’d be very frightened.
8) What would happen if you ___ (not/go) to work tomorrow.
9) I’d climb over the wall if there ___ (not be) so much broken glass on top of
it.
10) I ___ (keep) a dog if I could afford it.
11) The whole machine would fall to pieces if you ___ (remove) that screw.
12) If you ___ (change) your job would it affect your pension?
13) If they ___ (ban) the sale of alcohol at football match there might be less
violence.
14) If you slept under a mosquito net you ___ (not be) bitten so often.
15) If we ___ (reduce) taxes, people would have more money.
16) Would you mind if I ___ (not/give) you the money I owe you today?
2. Put the verb in brackets into the correct tense form.
1) If you drove more carefully, you (not have) so many accidents.
2) If he (get up) earlier, he would get to work on time.
3) If we (have) more time, I could tell you more about it.
4) His car would be a lot safer if he (buy) some new tyres.
5) The children would be better swimmers if they (go) swimming more
frequently.
6) I wouldn’t mind having children if we (live) in the country.
7) If I (be) you, I wouldn’t worry about going to university.
8) If I (have) any money, I’d give you some.
9) Your parents (be) a lot happier if you phoned them more often.
10) Where would you like to live if you (not live) in Paris?
11) What would you do if you suddenly (win) half a million pounds?
12) Would you mind if I (not give) you the money I owe you today?
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13) If I had to go to hospital, I (not go) to this one.
14) If you (sell) more products, you would earn more money.
3. Match these parts to make conditional sentences.
1) If I had their address...
a) it would cost over $650.
2) If you saw her now ...
b) you might earn a bit more money.
3) If you took more exercise ... c) we could go for a swim.
4) If you got a new job ...
d) I could probably stay with Mahomet.
5) If you asked Heather ...
e) she must have been out at work.
6) If I travelled first class ...
f) she would probably give you a lift.
7) If it were a little warmer ...
g) she would give you a certificate.
8) If she didn’t answer the h) I might lose a bit of weight.
phone ...
9) If I stopped off in Ankara.... i) I could write and ask them.
10) If you went to the doctor ...
j) you would hardly recognize her.
4. What would they do? Put the verbs in the correct tense and form:
Jenny: If Nick got more pocket money, he would waste (waste) it all on stupid
things.
Nick:
That isn’t true. If I had more money, I (1) ___ (spend) it on a leather
jacket.
Tom:
If I (2) ___ (win) a lottery, I would buy a CD-player.
Nick:
I (3) ___ (not buy) a CD-player, if I were you. They are too much
expensive.
Jenny: If I had more money, I (4) ___ (save) it for a trip.
Nick:
If I (5) ___ (have) a lot of money, I (6) ___ (buy) a motorbike.
Tom:
I (7) ___ (not buy) a motorbike if I (8) ___ (be) you. They are too
dangerous.
Nick:
If we (9) ___ (not/get) so much homework, I (10) ___ (deliver)
newspapers every morning.
Tom:
What has homework got to do with a morning paper-round?
Jenny: Well, you see. Nick does his homework between getting up and eating
breakfast.
5. Write Type II Conditionals to match these situations.
Model: I don’t have a spare ticket. I can’t take you to the concert.
If I had a spare ticket, I could/would take you to the concert.
1) She drinks too much coffee. She doesn’t feel calm.
2) He can’t type. He isn’t able to operate a computer.
3) They don’t understand the problem. They won’t find a solution.
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4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
79
I’m in a hurry. I won’t stay to dinner.
She is not in your position. She isn’t able to advise you.
He’s not a millionaire. He won’t buy you a palace.
The weather isn’t sunny. We won’t stay indoors.
I am fit. I will go climbing.
He sits around too much. He isn’t fit.
6. Supply the correct forms of the missing verbs. Use could, ought to, might in
the main clause.
1) If she (be) here now, she (give) us some advice.
2) If he (fail) in his present job, he (think) about another career.
3) If you (can play) a musical instrument, you (help) with the school orchestra.
4) If they (have) the right qualifications, they (be able to) apply for better jobs.
5) If she (can have) some lessons, she (improve) her performance.
6) If we (run) our own business, we (be) more independent.
7) If John (go) to this town, he (visit) his mother.
8) If Susan (borrow) your book, she (return) it.
9) If Frank (want) advice, he (ask) his bank manager.
7. The following things might happen. What would you do if they happened to
you? Write your answers.
Model: If I found a gold ring in the street, I would give it to my sister.
1) If I lived on a tropical island, ___ .
2) If I forgot my best friend’s birthday, ___ .
3) If I saw someone hurt in an accident, ___.
4) If I spilled orange juice on my English homework, ___.
5) If I had a million dollars, ___.
6) If I found a purse full of money in a bus, ___.
7) If all the lights suddenly went out, ___.
8) If I met a famous pop star, ___.
9) If I lost my house key, ___.
10) If the television broke down in the middle of my favourite
programme, ___.
11) If I lived in the USA, ___.
12) If I were a President of, ___.
13) If I could travel anywhere in the world, ___.
14) If today were the last day of my life, ___.
15) If I were an English teacher, ___.
16) If I were an excellent partner, ___.
17) If I could have any job I wanted, ___.
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8. Put the verb into the correct form.
LYING IN THE SUN
Two tramps, Eugine and Sergio, were lying in the sun.
Eugine: What (1) ___ (we/doing) if the sun (2) ___ (not shining)?
Sergio: Well, (3) ___ (we/not be) lying here for a start. But that’s not the
important question. The important question is: what (4) ___ (we do)
if (5) ___ (we/be) rich?
Eugine: If (6) ___ (we/be) rich, we (7) ___ (can/travel) everywhere.
Sergio: True, but we travel everywhere already.
Eugine: Yes, but not in style. If (8) ___ (we/have) money, our chauffeur,
James, (9) ___ (can/drive) us round in our Rolls. Imagine, if (10)
___ (we/be) in that position. (11) ___ (We/return) to our fine mansion
in the country.
Sergio: Yes, the butter (12) ___ (put out) fresh clothes for us, the cook (13)
___ (prepare) a fine meal for us. We (14) ___ not just be eating
carrots all the time.
Eugine: Yes. If (15) ___ (we/own) a house like that, (16) ___ (we/also/have) a
fine swimming-pool.
Sergio: Yes! Yes! If (17) ___ (we/have) a fine swimming-pool, we (18) ___
(can/swim) as much as we liked.
Eugine: If (19) ___ (we/be) really rich, we (20) ___ (can/lie) in the sun!
Sergio: But we are lying in the sun!
9. Your friend can’t decide where to go on holiday. Make some suggestions
about where he/she could go and what he/she could do. (He/She could visit
famous buildings; practise languages; eat national dishes; do/watch certain
sports).
Model: Spain
If you went to Spain, you could eat paella, lie in the sun, watch a bull-fight and
speak Spanish.
1) London; 2) Scotland; 3) India; 4) Mexico; 5) Paris; 6) Italy; 7) Egypt;
8) New York.
10. Translate into English:
1) Я бы не интересовался этим вопросом, если бы не возрастало его
значение.
2) На вашем месте, я бы разговаривал с дочерью по-английски.
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3) Если бы я разбогатела, я бы купила новый автомобиль.
4) – Куда бы ты сходил, если бы у тебя было свободное время? – Я бы,
конечно, сходил в кино. Очень интересный фильм идёт в нашем
кинотеатре.
5) Если бы театр был ближе, мы смогли бы пойти пешком.
6) – Кого бы вы пригласили, если бы организовали вечер в институте? –
Мы бы пригласили своих друзей.
7) – Что бы ты купила, если бы твоя подруга пригласила тебя на день
рождения? – Я бы, конечно, купила цветы. Она очень любит цветы.
8) На вашем месте, я бы не принимал столь скоропалительное и
необдуманное решение.
9) – Пойдём сыграем футбол! – Я бы с большим удовольствием
присоединился к вам, если бы не завтрашний экзамен по математике.
10) Твоё платье сразу бы стало выглядеть лучше, если бы ты поменяла
пуговицы.
11) Я бы дала тебе её адрес, если бы знала его.
12) На твоём месте я бы обратился к адвокату, а ты предпочитаешь
помощь какого-то Спарка.
13) Она не взяла бы деньги, даже если бы он и предложил.
14) Если бы он интересовался английским, то использовал бы любую
возможность поговорить на языке.
15) Мы бы увидели эту парочку, если бы подождали ещё минутку.
Unit 5
TYPE III CONDITIONALS
1. Type III Conditionals assume something purely imaginary in
the if-clause and consider the imagined consequences in the main
clause.
if-clause
main clause
if+ Past Perfect
If he had tried harder,
would + Perfect Infinitive
he would have succeeded.
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Other modals can replace would in Type III Conditionals when
we feel that the imagined consequences were less likely, or when we
are referring to ability, possibility, etc.:
imagined condition
imagined outcome
If he had been here yesterday, he could have told us (ability).
If he had been here yesterday, he might have told us (possibility).
If he had received a present, he should have thanked her (duty).
2. Type III Conditionals refer to consequences which did not and
could not ever happen because they refer to something that didn't
happen in the past.
If I had seen her, I would
Если бы я увидела её, я была бы
have been very glad.
очень рада. (но я не увидела её и
не могла быть рада)
If I had worked harder at school, I'd have got a better job (referring to
something possible: often expressing regret).
If I had lived in the Stone Age, I would have been a hunter
(referring to a completely impossible situation).
3. If I had been you/in your position
These expressions are often used to describe actions we would
have followed in someone else's positions.
If I had been you I would have married to him
4. Inversion with had in Type III Conditionals
The form Had (he) is a formal variation of if (he) had.
Had the management acted sooner, the strike wouldn't have
happened.
EXERCISES
1. Put the verb into the correct form.
Model: If I had known (know) that you were ill last week, I’d have gone to see
you.
1) Tom got to the station in time. If he ___ (miss) the train, he would have
been late for his interview.
2) It’s good that Ann reminded me about Tom’s birthday. I ___ (forget) if she
hadn’t reminded me.
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3) We might not have stayed at this hotel if George ___ (not/recommend) it to
us.
4) I’d have sent you a postcard while I was on holiday if I ___ (have) your
address.
5) Rome ___ (be captured) by her enemies if the geese hadn’t cackled.
6) If he had put out his pipe before putting it in his pocket he ___ (not burn) a
hole in his coat.
7) You ___ (not get) into trouble if you had obeyed my instructions.
8) I ___ (take) a taxi if I had realized that it was such a long way.
9) He would have been arrested if he ___ (try) to leave the country.
10) They would have forced their way into the house if I ___ (not call) for help.
11) If you hadn’t been in such a hurry you ___ (not put) sugar into the sauce
instead of salt.
12) If I ___ (try) again I think that I would have succeeded.
13) You ___ (save) me a lot of trouble if you had told me where you were
going.
14) She had a headache; otherwise she ___ (come) with us.
15) If you ___ (look) at the engine for a moment you would have seen what was
missing.
2. Supply the correct forms of the missing verbs. Use could have (done) or
might have (done) in the main class.
Model: If I had managed (manage) to repair my car earlier, I could have driven
(drive) you to London.
1) If I ___ (know) last week that she was ill, I ___ (visit) her.
2) If you ___ (not want) to drive straight home, we ___ (miss) all this traffic.
3) If you ___ (ask) politely, I ___ (help) you.
4) If the weather forecast ___ (be) different, we ___ (stay) at home.
5) We ___ (be) at the airport for hours, if we ___ (not know) that the flight was
delayed.
6) I ___ (make) a bad mistake, if I ___ (not read) the instructions.
7) We ___ (have) an accident, if our car ___ (not be) properly serviced.
8) If he ___ (fasten) his seatbelt, he ___ (not be) hurt.
9) She ___ (not hear) the news, if she ___ (not turn on) the radio this morning.
10) If they ___ (could see) us, they ___ (laugh).
11) They ___ (play) better, if they ___ (have) more training.
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3. Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
WILL YOU LEND ME YOUR BIKE?
Ben: Will you lend me your bike? I have to get to basketball training in 5
minutes.
Nick: The last time I lent it to you, you got flat tire and didn’t repair it.
Ben: Well, I (1) ___ (not get) a flat tyre if you (2) ___ (put) enough air in it.
Nick: That’s not true. You rode straight over some broken glass.
Ben: Well, I (3) ___ (not ride) over the glass if someone (4) ___ (left) it all
over the road. Besides, I (5) ___ (go) round the glass, if a car (6) ___
(not come) from the other direction.
Nick: Well, you could have stopped.
Ben: I (7) ___ (stop) if the brakes (8) ___ (not fail).
Nick: Well, you should have checked the brakes before you started. I (9) ___
(not lend) you my bike if I (10) ___ (know) that the brakes weren’t
working.
4. The Principal of the Express School of English is thinking about his life,
and the conditions that led him to do things. What does he say to himself?
Write sentences with an if-clause.
1) (I started the school after the bank lent me $50.000.). If the bank hadn’t lent
me $50.000 I wouldn’t have started the school.
2) (I continued because the school was a success). I ___ if the school ___ a
success.
3) (We won the Pacifica University contract, so we didn’t have money
problems). If we ___ the Pacifica University contract, we ___ money
problems.
4) (I didn’t retire, so we didn’t go to live in Italy). If I ___ we ___ to live in
Italy.
5) (We didn’t build another language lab because there weren’t enough
students). We ___ another language lab if ___ ___ enough students.
6) (We didn’t move to a better building because the rent for this building was
so low). We ___ to a better building if the rent for this building ___ so low.
7) (Anyway, our teachers with us because there was a friendly atmosphere).
Anyway, our teachers ___ with us if ___ a friendly atmosphere.
5. Open the brackets.
BOTH RIGHT AND BOTH WRONG
The black car screamed round the corner on the wrong side of the road and
passed a white car doing exactly the same thing in the other direction. Both
drivers stopped and got out of their cars. ‘If I (1) (be) had been on my side of
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85
the road, you (2) ___ (kill) me’, driver A shouted. ‘But you weren’t on your
side of the road,’ driver B shouted back. ‘If you (3) ___ (... driving) more
carefully, you (4) ___ (not be) on the wrong side of the road.’ ‘If I (5) ___
(know) what was round the corner, I (6) ___ (keep) to my side of the road,’
driver A said. ‘If you (7) ___ (know) what was round the corner, you (8) ___ (...
not driving) so carelessly.’ Suddenly, both men stopped shouting and driver A
said, very quietly, ‘If we both (9) ___ (not be) on the wrong side of the road. we
(10) ___ (be) dead now.’ Without speaking a further word, both men shook
hands and drove away.
6. Comment on the following situations with if (expressing regret, etc.).
Model: John ate too much cake, so he was sick.
If John hadn’t eaten too/so much cake, he wouldn’t have been sick.
1) We came home from our holiday early because we ran out of money.
2) The house didn’t burn down because the fire brigade came immediately.
3) The men were wearing protective clothing, so they were all quite safe.
4) I had an accident because I wasn’t watching the road.
5) I was sweating because it was so hot.
6) My father didn’t earn much money, so life wasn’t easy for us.
7) I didn’t enjoy school, so I didn’t do very well.
7. Read a situation and write a sentence with if.
Model: She didn’t eat anything because she wasn’t hungry
If she had been hungry, she would have eaten something.
1) The accident happened because the driver in front stopped so suddenly.
If the driver in front ___.
2) I didn’t wake Nora because I didn’t know she wanted to get up early.
If I ___.
3) She wasn’t injured in the crash because she was wearing a seat belt.
If ___.
4) I was able to buy the car because Jim lent me the money.
If ___.
5) You’re hungry now because you didn’t have breakfast.
If ___.
6) She didn’t buy the coat because she didn’t have enough money on her.
If ___.
8. Rewrite these sentences as conditionals.
Model: Unfortunately I didn’t see him, so I couldn’t give him your message.
If I had seen him, I could have given him your message.
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Unfortunately he didn’t pass his exams or he might have gone to university.
He didn’t realize what was happening or he would have run away.
Fortunately I didn’t hear what she said or I would have been very angry.
They got in because you didn’t lock the door properly.
It only happened because you didn’t follow the instructions.
Luckily she didn’t find out or she would have been furious.
It’s lucky we looked a room or we would have had nowhere to stay.
It’s a good job we weren’t going any faster or someone could have been
killed.
9) He was so tired that he went home at lunchtime.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9. Complete the sentences.
1) If I’d had my eye damaged, ... .
2) We would have flown to California ... .
3) The flight wouldn’t have been delayed if ... .
4) I would never have known if ... .
5) If I had read more ... .
6) They would have signed the contract if ... .
7) We would have stayed in Paris longer ... .
8) We wouldn’t have spent all our money if ... .
9) If the adverts had said something about the noise from traffic, ... .
10) If I’d seen an accident, ... .
11) She wouldn’t have called you liar if ... .
12) Mr Spark wouldn’t have gone to the pub if ... .
13) There might be an accident if ... .
14) If I had felt seasick, ... .
10. Translate into English
1) Я бы не уволился, если бы они повысили тогда зарплату.
2) Я бы не провалил экзамен, если бы подготовился к нему как положено.
3) Моя сестра купила бы этот костюм ещё в прошлом месяце, если бы
получила зарплату вовремя.
4) Я бы пошёл на вчерашнюю вечеринку, если бы Смиты меня
пригласили.
5) Если бы прошлым летом у меня был автомобиль, я бы ездил на пляж
каждое утро.
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6) Наше предприятие не закрыли бы, если бы мы отдали все долги до
марта.
7) Если бы она не прислала вчера это письмо, мой брат был бы сейчас
дома.
8) Вы бы не разбили вазу, если бы были осторожнее.
9) Если бы Кити приняла вчера лекарство, она бы чувствовала себя
хорошо сегодня.
10) Если бы не дождь, мы бы могли сейчас поехать за город.
11) Вы бы не разбили вазу, если бы были осторожнее.
12) Если бы ни Вы, я бы никогда не выполнил эту работу вовремя.
13) Торт сгорел бы, если бы я не пошла на кухню.
14) Мы бы не пошли в ресторан, если бы знали цены.
15) Костёр не погас бы, если бы мы подбрасывали в него дрова (to put
logs).
Unit 6
MIXED CONDITIONALS
(see Units 2, 3)
EXERCISES
1. Match the clauses together to make mixed conditional sentences.
1) If you had told me about this
a) he probably won’t be at the
problem earlier
meeting
2) If you were a more sensitive
b) you could always ring them up
person
c) his wife would never have left him
3) If they don’t contact you soon
d) you wouldn’t have said that to her
4) If he hadn’t died so young
e) I would have had them by now
5) If he didn’t work so hard all the
f) everything would be all right now
time
g) would you hurry up and get ready?
6) If the train hadn’t been delayed
h) you wouldn’t be so busy this
7) If he was feeling ill this morning
month
8) If you’re coming with us
i) we would be there by now
9) If I really wanted to have children j) I’m sure he’d be a famous
10) If you had worked harder last
musician
month
2. Use mixed conditionals in these sentences.
1) If I ___ (be) you, I ___ (check) my facts before I wrote the letter.
2) If you ___ (be) so hungry, you ___ (not miss) breakfast.
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3) If he ___ (not catch) the 5.30 train, he ___ (not arrive) for another two
hours.
4) He ___ (feel) very tired today if he ___ (play) rugby yesterday.
5) If the snake bite ___ (be) poisonous, you ___ (feel) very ill now.
6) If I ___ (be) in your position, I ___ (answer) his letter by now.
3. Two scouts, Alan and Bob, are sheltering from a storm. They are
discussing what has happened, and what to do now. Complete the
conversation with a suitable form of the verb in brackets.
Аlan: I (1) ‘ll carry on (carry on) with our walk when the weather (2) ____
(clear up).
Yes. But if (3) ___ (know) the weather was going to be this bad, I (4)
Bob:
___ (never set out).
Alan: Well, it’s a bit brighter now. If it (5) ___ (stop) raining, we (6) ___
(easily be) back at the camp by sunset.
I suppose things could be worse. Do you remember the hill-walk last
Bob:
year? We (7) ___ (have to) turn back almost as soon as we (8) ___
(start), when Charlie Dickson (9) ___ (break) his ankle.
Alan: That’s right. And that was after we (10) ___(spend) ages preparing for
the walk.
Still we were lucky that the accident happened so soon after we (11)
Bob:
___ (set out). If it (12) ___ (happen) later, we (13) ___ (have to) carry
Charlie for miles.
Alan: Well just at this moment, I couldn’t carry anybody. If a helicopter (14)
___ (come) over the top of that hill, I (15) ___(wave) to the pilot for a
lift.
There isn’t much chance of that. Anyway, my problem is my feet.
Bob:
They’re killing me! I (16) ___ (put) some ointment on them if I (17)
___ (have) any. But I forgot to pack it.
Alan: Me too. But the rain’s stopped, so let’s go. Just think! When we (18)
___ (get) a good, hot meat at the camp tonight, we (19) ___ (be) glad
that we came.
4. Put in the right conditionals.
THE SECRET OF A LONG LIFE
Grygori Pilikan recently celebrated his 114th birthday and reporters
visited him in his mountain village in Georgia to find out the secret of a long
life. ‘The secret of a long life,’ Grygori said, ‘is happiness. If you (1) (be) are
happy, you will live a long time.’ ‘Are you married?’ a reporter asked. ‘Yes,’
Grygori replied. ‘I married my third wife when I was 102. If you happily
Mood. Conditional Sentences
89
married, you (2) ___ (live) for ever. But for my third wife, I (3) ___(die) years
ago.’ ‘What about smoking and drinking?’ a reporter asked. ‘Yes, they are
important,’ Grygori said. ‘Don’t smoke at all and you (4) ___ (feel) well. Drink
two glasses of wine a day and you (5) ___ (be) healthy and happy.’ ‘If you (6)
___ (can/live) your life again, what (7) ___ (you/do)?’ a reporter asked.’ ‘I
would do what I have done. If I had more sense, I (8) ___ (eat) more yoghourt!’
he chuckled. ‘Supposing you (9) __ (can/change) one thing in your life what
(10) ___ (you/change)?’ another reporter asked. ‘Not much,’ Grygori replied.
‘So you don’t have any regrets?’ ‘Yes, I have one regret,’ Grygori replied. ‘If I
(11) ___ (know) I was going to live so long, I (12) ___ (look after) myself
better!’
5. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
Yesterday the famous bank robber, Fingers Smith, robbed another bank in
the centre of town. As usual, he only stole $10. If he (1) had left (leave) any
clues, he (2) ___ (be) in prison now, but he’s much too clever. He disconnected
the security cameras; if he (3) ___ (not/do) that, the police (4) ___ (have) him
on film now. The strange thing is, Fingers doesn’t seem to be interested in the
money; if he (5) ___ (be), he (6) ___ (can/steal) thousands of pounds by now.
The police are determined to catch him, and the Chief is confident that they
will. He says that if he (7) ___ (think) they weren’t going to arrest Fingers
eventually, he (8) ___ (leave) the police force long ago.
6. Translate into Russian.
1) Если бы он не был таким рассеянным, он не принял бы вас за мою
сестру.
2) Алиса не купила бы эти книги, если бы не сдавала экзамен по истории.
3) Если бы вы приняли лекарство, вы были бы сейчас здоровы.
4) Если бы Чарльз знал адрес, он бы уже пришёл к этому времени.
5) Вероника не поехала бы с ним на Север после окончания института,
если бы не любила его.
6) Если бы мы не были знакомы, он бы не пригласил нас на вечер.
7) Если бы я был на твоём месте, я бы проверил факты до того как
написал письмо.
8) Он бы не опоздал на завтрак, если бы не разговаривал по телефону так
долго.
9) Если бы ты была более тактичным человеком, ты бы не сказала ей это.
10) Если бы Сью работала усерднее в прошлом месяце, она не была бы так
занята сейчас.
Mood. Conditional Sentences
UNIT 7
90
"IF ONLY",
"I WISH"
If only
'Only' can be placed after if and indicates hope, wish or regret
according to the tense used with it:
a) if only + Present Indefinite / Future Indefinite – to express
hope
If only he comes in time (= we hope he will come).
If only he will listen to her (= we hope he will be willing to
listen).
b) if only + Past/Past Perfect – to express regret
If only he didn’t drive so fast. (= we are sorry he drives so fast)
If only you hadn't said that. (= we are sorry you said that)
If only I knew it for sure.– Ах, если бы я была в этом уверена
(сейчас).
If only I had told her the truth. – Ах, если бы я сказала ей
правду (в прошлом).
c) if only + would can express regret about a present action as
an alternative to if only + past tense (it has the same
meaning as wish + would).
If only he would drive more slowly.(= we are sorry that he isn’t
willing to drive more slowly).
I wish
Wish expresses present, future, and past situations.
Here is a summary of patterns using wish:
Verb form after
wish
Past Indefinite
Time
reference
Present
Example (+ meaning)
I wish I knew the answer. (= I don’t
know).
Past Indefinite
Present
I wish I were better at sports. (= I’m
not)
Past Continuous
Present
I wish I were going with you. (= I’m
not)
Mood. Conditional Sentences
Could
91
Present
I wish I could give you an answer.
(= I can’t)
Would
Future
I wish you would be quiet. (= Your
taking irritates me)
Past Perfect
Past
I wish I had known you then. (= but
I didn’t)
Could have
Past
I wish I could have explained. (= I
wasn’t able to)
I wish he came. – Хорошо бы он пришёл.
I wish you knew him. – Жаль, что вы его не знаете.
I wish you had come. – Жаль, что вы не пришли.
EXERCISES
1. Match the comments with the answers.
1) I feel so old
a) I wish it would rain.
2) The plants in the garden are dying b) I wish you had told me.
3) We never hear from Angela
c) I wish we lived nearer the office.
4) I didn’t know you were ill
d) I wish you could come more often.
5) I can’t afford to go out
e) I wish I hadn’t told anyone.
6) It takes hours to get to work
f) I wish I were younger.
7) She looked absolutely lovely
g) I wish she would write more often.
8) We don’t see you very often
h) I wish I had more money.
nowadays
i) I wish I could have taken a
9) Now everyone knows the secret
photograph.
2. Write sentences with ‘I wish’.
Model: It’s raining very hard.  I wish it weren’t raining so hard.
1) We haven’t time to stop.
2) John didn’t pass the exam.
3) It’s very cold in here.
4) There’s no time to spare.
5) George won’t help.
6) Mary didn’t come.
7) I didn’t see the match last week.
8) I can’t give up smoking.
9) Tina can’t come to the party.
10) She doesn’t know anything about cars.
Mood. Conditional Sentences
92
11) I’m not lying on a sunny beach.
12) I hate having to do homework every night.
13) I decided to work in London.
14) We sold the house we had in Manchester.
15) We didn’t realize that a supermarket was opening nearby.
16) We put our money into a grocery shop.
17) We borrowed $3.000 to start the business.
18) It was a mistake to leave Manchester.
3. Imagine that you are in these situations. For each situation write a
sentence with ‘I wish’.
Model: You’ve eaten too much and now you feel sick.
You say I wish I hadn’t eaten so much.
1) There was a job advertised in the newspaper. You decided not to apply for
it. Now you think that your decision was wrong.
You say: I wish I ____ .
2) When you were younger, you didn’t learn to play a musical instrument.
Now you regret this.
You say: ____ .
3) You’ve painted the gate red. Now you think that it doesn’t look very nice.
You say: ____ .
4) You have some unexpected guests. They didn’t tell you they were coming.
You are very busy and you are not prepared for them.
You say (to yourself): ____ .
5) You are walking in the country. You would like to take some photographs
but you didn’t bring your camera.
You say: ____ .
4. Express wishes and regrets about these situations. Refer to yourself where
possible.
Model: You’re not very fit. I wish/If only/I was/were fit/fitter!
1) It’s very hot today.
2) It’s raining.
3) You were too impatient.
4) You wasted a lot of time watching TV.
5) John didn’t take your advice.
6) We didn’t lock the back door!
7) Jane has read your letter.
8) He is abroad.
9) They don’t have a lot of friends.
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93
5. Complain about the present situation and express your wish about some
future actions. Begin your sentences with ‘if only’ or ‘I wish’.
Model: You don’t expect your headache to go away.
I wish my headache would go away. (If only my headache went away)
1) You don’t expect the weather to clear up.
2) You don’t expect the Rescue Services to arrive soon.
3) Some economists don’t expect tight monetary and fiscal policies to keep
inflation under control.
4) You don’t expect this company despite of its small financial backing to be
the first to crack.
5) You don’t expect your wife to be promoted soon.
6) You don’t expect your boss to think of this possibility for you.
7) You don’t expect Steve to be more careful.
6. Read a situation and then write a sentence with ‘I wish ... would’ .... .
Model: It’s raining. You want to go out, but not in the rain. So you want it to
stop raining. What did you say? I wish it would stop raining.
1) You’re waiting for Tom. He’s late and you’re getting impatient. You want
him to come. What do you say?
I wish ___
2) A baby is crying and you’re trying to sleep. You want the baby to stop
crying. What do you say?
I wish ___
3) You’re looking for a job – so far without success. You want somebody to
give you a job. What do you say?
I wish somebody ___
4) Brian has been wearing the same old clothes for years. You think he needs
some new clothes and you want him to buy some. What do you say to him?
I wish ___
5) Tom drives very fast. You don’t like this. What do you say to him?
I wish ___
6) A lot of people drop litter in the street. You don’t like this. What do you
say?
I wish ___
7) Jack always leaves the door open. You don’t like this. What do you say to
him?
I wish ____
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94
7. Here are some problems in brackets. How could they have been avoided?
Use the words and phrases to help you write two sentences about each
problem using I wish and If only.
play fewer computer games, keep calm, eat less, walk more,
lose temper, use bins, match less TV, use car less often, save
water, let someone else drive, waste water, take more
exercise, protect forest, drive carefully, recycle more paper,
take rubbish home
1) (I’ve gained a lot of weight)
I wish ___
If only ___
2) (The rivers and reservoirs have dried up)
I wish ___
If only ___
3) (He crashed his car)
I wish ___
If only ___
4) (He had a row with his best friend)
I wish ___
If only ___
5) (People drop litter in the street)
I wish ___
If only ___
6) (We are cutting down too many trees)
I wish ___
If only ___
7) (People use their cars when they don’t need to)
I wish ___
If only ___
8) (Children don’t read enough nowadays)
I wish ___
If only ___
8. Translate into English:
1) Если бы я был моложе!
2) Жаль, что и вчера у меня было мало времени!
3) Ах, если бы вы сказали ей об этом в прошлое воскресенье!
4) Жаль, что уже поздно туда идти.
5) Как жаль, что мы не застали Сью дома.
6) Мы сожалеем, что у Вас мало опыта в этой области.
Mood. Conditional Sentences
95
7) Даже если бы он сдал экзамен, он бы не поехал в Москву.
8) Она сожалела, что не рассказала Вам эту историю раньше.
9) Мы бы хотели, чтобы Вы упомянули эти факты.
10) Хорошо бы у нас сейчас были каникулы!
11) Даже если бы сейчас шёл дождь, я бы поехал навестить больного
друга.
12) Жаль, что уже заняты все вакантные места.
13) Хорошо бы Вы написали ей об этом сами.
14) Жаль, что Вы не обратили внимание на его предупреждение.
15) Жаль, что ты не воспользовался этой возможностью.
REVIEW EXERCISES
1. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
1) I ___ (tell) you if I hear from him.
2) If I ___ (understand) the question, I might be able to answer it.
3) If she’d passed her exams, she ___ (go) to university.
4) We ___ (miss) the lecture unless we hurry.
5) He ___ (buy) a car provided that he passes his driving test.
6) The teacher ___ (not/shout) at her if she did her homework.
7) I ___ (run) home if I’d known the football match was on TV.
8) The animals at the zoo ___ (die) unless they’re fed.
9) He’ll be furious if he ever ___ (find out) about this.
2. Match the parts of the sentence.
1) You can see the boss
2) I would have bought it
3) We’ll go to the beach tomorrow
4) He would go by plane
5) If she hadn’t slept late
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
unless it rains.
provided that he is not too busy.
if I’d had enough money with me.
she wouldn’t have missed the train.
if it was cheaper.
3. Fill in: if, unless, provided or as long.
1) You will not be allowed into the building ___ you have a security pass.
2) ___ that you book your flight early, you will get a seat.
3) ___ as you follow the instructions exactly, you won’t have any difficulty.
4) ___ you meet Darren, give him my regards.
5) You can hire a car in France ___ as you have a driving licence and you’re
over 23.
Mood. Conditional Sentences
96
6) You can’t enter the country ___ you have a passport.
7) The kidnappers won’t release the child ___ the ransom is paid.
4. Complete the sentences using these words and phrases.
was, leaving, can’t, might, starts, am, would be, become, take, should
1) If I ___ not busy, I’ll visit you.
2) If he ___ careful, he wouldn’t break things.
3) If he were slimmer, he ___ much more attractive.
4) If she ___ Prime Minister, she’ll raise taxes.
5) Unless you stop wasting time, I’m ___ right now.
6) If you don’t give me more information, I ___ help you.
7) If a fire ___, the alarm goes off.
8) You ___ make your food if you don’t like my cooking.
9) ___ more exercises and you’ll soon feel better.
10) If the weather improved, I ___ go for a stroll.
5. Complete these sentences to make appropriate Third Conditional or Mixed
Conditional sentences, using the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1) If I ___ (visit) Athens last year, I ___ (phone) you.
2) If only I ___ (know) you already had tickets, I ___ (not get) any for you.
3) If you ___ (start) coming to the course earlier, you ___ (could pass) the
exam.
4) If I ___ (not be) so shy at the party last Sunday, I ___ (might make) more
friends.
5) If you ___ (not spend) so much money, I ___ (not be) angry now.
6) I ___ (could become) an accountant if I ___ (be) good at maths.
7) She ___ (get) promotion last year if she ___ (not argue) with the boss.
8) He ___ (not get) the job, if he ___ (not wear) a tie.
9) If I ___ (meet) you before, my life ___ (be) different.
10) If he ___ (not see) the other car, there ___ (be) a serious accident.
6. Complete these conditional sentences in any way appropriate.
1) Had I know you were angry with me, ___.
2) He’ll receive it tomorrow ___.
3) She will feel much better ___.
4) ___ provided it’s cheap enough.
5) If the ship had arrived punctually, ___.
6) Unless we loose our way, ___.
7) I would never have done such a thing ___.
Mood. Conditional Sentences
97
8) If it weren’t the wrong advice they gave me, ___.
9) Should the flight be cancelled, ___.
10) My sister would go out every evening ___.
7. Join the clauses in column A with those in column B to make eight logical
sentences.
A
B
1) As long as it’s not raining
a) you should be all right in a few days.
2) Unless you have more
b) we wouldn’t have got the message.
practice
c) the match would have been cancelled.
3) If you hadn’t telephoned
d) I wouldn’t have gone to bed early.
4) If I were a stranger
e) you won’t pass the driving test.
5) Even if she apologised
f) I would never invite her again.
6) If the weather had been wet
g) we’ll go out for a walk.
7) If I hadn’t been so tired
h) I would carry it myself.
8) Provided that you rest
8. Complete the following sentences with an appropriate conditional clause.
1) If I found a gun in the street, ___.
2) You wouldn’t have been punished ___.
3) If you drink all that juice, ___.
4) If you drive too fast, ___.
5) Unless the weather improves, ___.
6) If you should see Mark this evening, ___.
7) My father would have bought me a bicycle, ___.
8) If you had taken my advice, ___.
9) He would have been angry ___.
10) If you aren’t enjoying the film, ___.
9. Write sentences as in the model.
1) You went to bed late and didn’t wake up in time for work.
2) You want to go to safari park with Michael, but you’re afraid of lions.
3) You would like to write a letter to Fred but you don’t have his address.
4) You went skiing and broke your leg.
5) You didn’t go to the concert because you didn’t know about it.
6) You have to stay in bed because you’ve got the flu.
7) You are lost in London because you don’t have a map.
Mood. Conditional Sentences
98
10. Complete the dialogue by putting the verbs in brackets into the correct
form.
Roger:
Where’s your key?
Diana:
What do you mean? You’ve got a key, haven’t you?
Roger:
(1) If I ___ (get) mine, I ___ (not need) yours, would I?
Diana:
No, I haven’t got mine.
Roger:
But I told you to bring it.
Diana:
No, you didn’t.
Roger:
Yes, I did. (2) If you ___ (listen), you ___ (hear) me.
Diana:
Well, I don’t remember you telling me. Anyway, I couldn’t find it.
Roger:
You mean, you’ve lost it again?
Diana:
Not really. It’s at home somewhere. (3) I ___ (have) time to look
for if we ___ (not leave) in such a hurry.
Roger:
That’s not the point. (4) If you ___ (be) more organized, you ___
(not keep on) losing it in the first place!
Diana:
That’s not fair. I don’t keep on losing it. Anyway, what are you
going to do now? We haven’t got a key.
Roger:
I don’t know. I suppose we’ll have to break a window.
Diana:
You can’t do that! (5) If the neighbours ___ (hear) you, they ___
(think) we’re burglars!
Roger:
All right then! There’s a small window open in the bathroom. (6) If
you ___ (stand) on my shoulders, you ___ (be) able to reach and
then you can climb in.
Diana:
I’m not going to stand on your shoulders. I might fall off!
Roger:
Don’t be silly! (7) If I ___ (hold) your legs, you ___ (be) quite safe.
Diana:
I still don’t like it!
Roger:
Look! (8) I ___ (climb) in myself, if I ___ (can) get through the
window, but I can’t. I’m too big. You’ll have to do it.
Diana:
(9) But if someone ___ (see) me, they ___ (call) the police!
Roger:
For goodness sake! (10) It ___ (make) things a lot easier if you ___
(not worry) about other people! Now, are you ready?
Diana:
O.K.
Roger:
All right?
Diana:
(11) If you ___ (move) a bit closer, I ___ (be) able to reach. Oh!
Not so fast! Roger! Oh!!
Roger:
Now look what you’ve done! You’ve put your foot through the
window!
Diana:
Roger! There’s something I’ve got to tell you!
Mood. Conditional Sentences
Roger:
Diana:
99
Honestly, can’t you do anything right? (12) If you ___ (not be) so
careless, you ___ (not break) it!
Roger, listen! I hate to tell you, but this isn’t our house!
11. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
Norma isn’t happy with her life. If she (1) ___ (listen) to her mother’s advice,
she (2) ___ (stay) at school and gone on to University. She (3) ____ (can/find) a
good job if she had got a degree. Norma hates the job she is doing now. She
thinks she (4) ___ (go) crazy if she (5) ___ (stay) there much longer. If she (6)
___ (be) offered another job, she would take immediately. In fact, she (7) ___
(leave) if she (8) ___ (can) afford to, but she can’t. Life (9) ___ (be) easier if
she (10) ___ (not/have) two children to support.
12. Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate form.
Having a Wonderful Time! Wish You Were Here!
While trying to sail round the world in a small boat, Harry Sandy and Joe were
shipwrecked one night. “I wish there (1) (be) ___ was/were an island nearby”,
Harry said. By morning, they were washed up on to a desert island. For six
months they lived on fish, nuts and fruit. One day they saw a bottle on the
shore. “If only it (2) ___ (contain) a note or something!” Sandy said. They
opened it and a genie appeared. “It’s high time someone (3) ___ (open) that
bottle!” the genie gasped. “I’m so grateful, I’ll give you one wish each. You
first”, the genie said, pointing to Harry. “That’s easy”, Harry said. “I wish I (4)
___ (be) with my family?. And (whoosh!)he disappeared. “He too”, Sandy said.
“If only I (5) ___ (can be) in dear old Glasgow”. And (whoosh!) off he went.
“And you, sir?” the genie asked Joe. “I wish I (6) ___ (have) my friends back!”
Joe said.
13. Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate form.
Harry and Sheila, a husband and wife, are talking.
H. Shall I make the children something to eat?
S.
I wouldn’t bother. You know how much they eat when they visit their
grandparents.
H. That’s true. If they (1) ___ (eat) all afternoon, they (2) ___ (not want)
anything when they get home.
S.
Are we going to pick them up soon?
H. No, my parents are bringing them over. We agreed that if I (3) ___ (take)
them there, they (4) ___ (bring) them back.
Mood. Conditional Sentences
S.
H.
S.
H.
S.
H.
S.
H.
100
Oh good. Well, if we (5) ___ (not collect) them, I (6) ___ (go back)
upstairs and do a bit more work. I’ve nearly finished that report now. If I
(7) ___ (do) another half hour’s work, I (8) ___ (finish) it by the time the
children get home.
Why do you always have to bring work home with you? If you (9) ___
(not agree) to take on that new job, you (10) ___ (have) much more free
time now.
Yes, and if I (11) ___ (not take on) that job, we (12) ___ (not have) much
money now.
That’s true, but I don’t like you working so much.
Well, never mind. We’ve got a week’s holiday soon. Just think! In two
week’s time we (13) ___ (lie) on a warm sunny beach that’s if I (14) ___
(can get) the time off work of course.
What do you mean ‘if’?
Well, everything’s very busy at the moment. And if we (15) ___ (get) any
more orders, I just (16) ___ (not see) how I can leave the office.
What? But that’s ridiculous!
14. Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
Some sentences require a negative.
1) Peter is always late. If only he ___ (turn up) on time for a change.
2) If only ___ (lose) all my money. Now I’m broke.
3) Bruce wishes he ___ (have) more money so he could buy a new sweater.
4) I wish it ___ (snow) now that it’s Christmas.
5) I wish you ___ (keep) your mouth shut yesterday. Now Mary knows
everything.
6) Of course Tom wishes he ___ (come) with us Paris, but he has to stay here
and work.
7) I wish we ___ (go) to the match on Saturday, but we’re visiting my uncle
instead.
8) I wish you ___ (do) that. It annoys me.
9) I wish you ___ (stop) watching TV while I am talking to you.
10) I wish ___ (come) so we could go off to the seaside.
15. Write a sentence about each problem using I wish or if only and the
word in brackets.
1) People leave the tap running all the time. (turn off)
2) Your brother is very angry. (calm down)
3) The people next door have their TV on very loud. (turn down)
4) Too much rubbish is thrown away. (recycle)
Mood. Conditional Sentences
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
101
People hurt animals for sport. (stop)
Your friend keeps complaining about everything all the time. (stop)
It doesn’t rain enough. (more)
The postman hasn’t arrived and I’m waiting for an important letter. (arrive)
Your favorite football team has lost every match so far. (win)
Writing Activity
Read the following letter, then rewrite it using wishes and conditionals.
Dear Anyone,
I am on an island somewhere in the Pacific Ocean. I’ve been here for a week. I
lost my watch in the sea so I don’t know what time it is. Going on that cruise
was the worst thing I’ve ever done. I’m not a good swimmer so I couldn’t reach
the lifeboat when the ship sank. I’ve thought about making a raft to sail away
from the island, but I don’t know which way to go. There is no one to talk to
here. I feel so lonely! I haven’t got a walkman so I can’t listen to music. The
only thing to eat is fish and I don’t like fish! I didn’t bring a knife with me so I
can’t build a shelter. I hope someone will find me soon!
Oral Activity
The students in two teams read the text and in turn make Conditionals. Each
correct sentence gets 1 point.
One night Paul was bored so he decided to go to the cinema. But the cinema
was full because the film was very popular. Paul’s friend lives near the cinema
so he went to visit him. When he arrived, he heard his friend shouting for help.
The door was open so Paul was able to get into the house. His friend has been
painting and had fallen off the step-ladder. His leg was broken so he couldn’t
move. It was lucky that the cinema was full and Paul called round on him.
Teacher:
Team A S1:
If Paul hadn’t been bored, he wouldn’t have decided to go to
the cinema.
If the film hadn’t been popular, the cinema wouldn’t have
been full. etc.
Mood. Conditional Sentences
102
PROGRESS TEST
1. Choose the correct answer.
1) If she … not so slowly she would enjoy the party.
A) were
B) is
C) will be
2) If you … my library book I will have to buy a new one.
A) will lose
B) lost
C) loose
3) If she … you were in hospital she would have visited you.
A) had known
B) knew
C) would have known
4) I wish I … rich.
A) would be
B) were
C) had been
5) I wish I … his opinion before.
A) would know
B) had known
C) knew
6) I wish I … to the Tower when I was in London.
A) had gone
B) went
C) would go
7) I wish I … much yesterday.
A) didn't eat
B) hadn't eaten
C) were not eating
8) If she … not so slowly she would enjoy the party.
A) were
B) is
C) will be
2. Match the two parts of the sentences.
9) He wouldn't have become so
a) …I wouldn't be worried now.
strong…
10) They would have come…
b) … I would have gone to the library.
11) If they had been ready the day
c) … we wouldn't have come so early.
before…
12) If I hadn't needed the book…
d) … unless he had done sports.
13) If they had had a city map…
e) … they wouldn't have been lost.
14) If you had warned us…
f) … if Jane had invited them.
15) He wouldn't know much…
g) … unless you had agreed with us.
16) We wouldn't have wasted so
h) … unless he had read much.
much time…
17) If you had sent me a
i) …they would have taken their
telegram…
exam.
18) We had never done this …
j) if you have bought everything
beforehand
Mood. Conditional Sentences
103
3. Correct the errors, if necessary.
19) If I knew her well I will visit her.
20) If I were you I would have visited Jane yesterday.
21) If I have a computer I would learn Computer Studies.
22) If the weather would be nice tomorrow we'll go on excursion.
23) You did not miss the plane if you had taken a taxi.
24) I wish you have a car.
25) I wish things were different in the past.
26) I wish the weather were warmer.
27) I wish I did not decide to work in New York.
28) I wish I did not go to bed early yesterday.
4. Complete the following radio programme by putting the verbs in brackets
into the correct form.
Interviewer: Welcome once again to our weekly programme in which we ask
the questions "If you (29) ___ (be) alone on a tropical island for
a month, what two items (30) ___ you ___ (choose) to take with
you and why?" My two guests are racing driver Charles Brown
and journalist Helen Howk, Charles?
Charles:
Well, I think (31) ___ (get) very bored on this island if I (32)
___ (not have) anything to do. So, I (33) ___ (take) a knife and a
ball of string. Then I (34) ___ (be able) to make useful things to
catch food, and, maybe, build some kind of house to live in.
Interviewer: (35) ___ you ___ (try) to escape from the island?
Charles:
If I (36) ___ (manage) to make a boat, I think I (37) ___ (try).
Interviewer: Helen, what about you?
Helen:
Well, I definitely (38) ___ (not try) to escape. I'm totally
impractical. So, if I (39) ___ (try) to make anything, I'm sure it
(40) …(fall) to pieces very quickly. No, if I (41) ___ (have) to
spend a month on the island, I (42) ___ (want) to have a good
book and a pair of sunglasses.
Charles:
But how (43) ___ you ___ (catch) things to eat if you (44) ___
(not have) any tools?
Helen:
Oh, I expect there (45) ___ (be) plenty of fruit on the island. And
I'm sure it (46) ___ (not hurt) me if I (47) ___ (not eat) meat or
fish for a month.
Interviewer: (48) ___ either of you ___ (be) lonely?
Mood. Conditional Sentences
Charles:
Helen:
Interviewer:
104
Definitely. I (49) ___ (find) it very difficult if I (50) ___ (not
speak) to anyone for a month.
I think (51) ___ (enjoy) the peace and quiet at first, but after a
couple of weeks, yes, I (52) ___ (begin) to feel lonely.
Charles and Helen, thank you very much.
5. Make up sentences.
53) She / it / so / have / had / fallen / slippery / been / wouldn't / if / not
54) had / I / you / chosen / would / I / have / If / been / green / been / the / one
55) lot / if / would / trained / the / they / have / had / Our / won / a / team /
game
56) would / to / ill / place / have / your / if / been / had / He / come / not / he
57) lay / would / gone /country / had / if / not / a / have / it / I / the / been /
nasty / to
58) it / were / wish / now / summer / I
59) I / had / I / been / wish / so / not / modest
60) redundant / been / made / If / I / only / hadn't
6. Translate into English.
61) Если бы ты не был так занят, мы бы пошли куда-нибудь пообедать.
62) Я бы никогда не подумал, что это возможно, если бы не увидел это
своими глазами.
63) О, если бы он был здесь.
64) Такая странная мысль никогда не пришла бы мне в голову, если бы не
подозрительное поведение этого человека.
65) Если бы не Вы, я бы никогда не написал бы эту статью.
66) Я бы теперь чувствовал себя так неловко, если бы последовал советам
этого человека.
67) Если бы не ты, я бы никогда не справился с этой работой.
68) Даже если бы я хранила письма, я бы никогда не показывала их тебе.
69) Если бы он знал, что ты находишься сейчас в больнице, он бы
навестил тебя.
70) Я обязательно передам ему все новости, как только увижу его.
71) При условии, что ты будешь больше заниматься языком, ты
добьёшься больших успехов.
72) На вашем месте, я бы всегда разговаривал по-английски.
Mood. Conditional Sentences
105
73) Будь я там, я бы позвонил Анне.
74) Если я увижу Кон, я попрошу её позвонить тебе.
75) Если бы вы знали, что пойдёт дождь, вам следовало бы взять с собой
зонтик.
76) Чарльз написал бы вам, если бы ему был известен ваш адрес.
77) Если бы вы не позвонили Кэрол, всё было бы в порядке.
78) Жаль, что мы пришли так поздно.
79) Даже если бы она сдала экзамен на плохую отметку, она бы всё равно
поехала с нами.
80) Сью выглядела бы более привлекательной, если бы изменила
причёску.
81) На вашем месте, я бы не ездил туда.
82) Жаль, что ты не воспользовался этой возможностью.
83) Вы бы не опоздали на поезд, если бы взяли такси.
84) – Что ты собираешься делать завтра? – Если завтра будет хорошая
погода, то мы поедем на пляж.
85) Он не придёт, если его сестре не станет лучше.
86) Если бы он не был таким рассеянным, он бы не потерял свои книги.
87) Даже если бы он сдал экзамен, он бы не пошёл с нами в театр.
88) Мы бы не пошли в этот магазин, если бы знали цены.
89) Элис не делала бы мне такие подарки, если бы не любила меня.
90) Что бы ты купил, если бы тебе дали тысячу долларов?
91) Жаль, что все билеты в театр уже проданы.
92) Если бы я был на твоём месте, я бы проверил факты до того как
написал письмо.
93) Ты увидишь его вместе с Паулой, если задержишься на некоторое
время.
94) Ты бы никогда не поступил на исторический факультет, если бы не
любил историю.
95) Я смогу купить эти книги при условии, что ты отдолжишь мне
деньги.
96) Жаль, что она не сможет поехать с нами в Лондон.
97) Вам следовало бы сказать им правду. У вас не было бы таких
неприятностей.
98) Если бы ты слушала своего отца, ты бы не попала в беду.
Mood. Conditional Sentences
106
99) Жаль, что мои родители не увидят этого.
100) При условии, что мой сын будет учиться хорошо, я куплю ему новый
велосипед.
Total: 100/______
SEQUENCE OF TENSES AND REPORTED SPEECH
ENTRY TEST
Unit 1
1. Open the brackets using the correct tense form.
1) We were not sure that Linda would find Mary. We were afraid she (not,
know) her address.
2) I didn’t introduce Paul to Katherine. I was sure they (know) each other.
3) Galileo proved that the Earth (move) round the Sun.
4) The Campbells were away. We learnt that they (travel) about Wales.
5) My friend called on me yesterday. He boasted he (get) two tickets for the
match.
6) They’ve just announced that the exam in Economics (be put off) till the end
of the next term.
7) The advertisement read that the performance (be) free, but when we got
there, we found we had to pay.
8) I hoped that she (mature) as the years went by.
9) We decided that we (travel) to Venice by sea rather than go by air.
10) Mrs White was sure that she (be still working up) for that company the
whole next year.
Unit 3
2. Turn the following statements into Reported Speech.
11) “There is too much violence on TV,” said Tessa.
12) “If the taxi-driver arrives late you will miss your flight,” he said to her.
13) “I would travel abroad if I had enough money,” said Sam.
14) “I’ve been shopping. I bought you a nice pair of shoes,” Mrs Brown said to
her husband.
15) “I have eaten nothing for two days, I’m dying of hunger,” he said to her.
16) “The Earth is a planet,” she said.
17) “I’ve been training hard recently,” he told the reporters.
18) “While the workers were repairing the roof, they broke the bathroom
window,” she complained.
19) “I think I failed the Intelligence Test,” Jim said.
20) “You never listen to me, Sarah,” he complained.
21) “Those are the boys who chased me,” Olivia said.
22) “She has been waiting for a long time,” she said.
23) “We came by car,” they said.
24) “I’ve finished the letters you asked me to write,” Margaret said.
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
108
25) “My money had run out,” she said to her husband.
26) “I have been waiting for you in the hall,” he said to her.
27) “I’m going to Lancaster in May,” he said to me today.
28) “I went to a bullfight during my stay in Spain,” she said to him.
29) “I try to avoid working overtime,” he said.
30) “The baby will probably be walking and talking by the next time you
come,” she said to him.
31) “I’m going to tell the whole story to the police,” she said to him.
32) “I’ve bought a present for you,” he said.
33) “My friend collects unusual ashtrays,” he said.
34) “We will get on well together,” she said to me.
35) “That was a wonderful party,” said Martin.
Unit 4
3. Report the following questions.
36) “Have you ever been to Europe?” he inquired.
37) “How long are you planning to stay in Britain?” he asked her.
38) “How much money have you brought for your stay?” he asked.
39) “Who paid the bill?” she asked me.
40) “Have you heard the news on the radio?” she inquired.
41) “Which countries will John be visiting?” she asked him.
42) “Where does John’s sister work?” she asked him.
43) “Will you be coming to the concert or not?” she wanted to know.
44) “Why are those old men singing?” he asked her.
45) “What made her smile?” he requested.
46) “What was she holding in her left hand?” he asked.
47) “What’s your husband interested in?” she asked her.
48) “Do you like the boy that is talking to Julia ?” he asked.
49) “Has Bill shown the kitchen plans to you yet?” she asked him.
50) “What are you doing these days?” he asked me.
51) “How long have you both been living here?” he asked.
52) “Who left the bag here?” he asked him.
53) “What will you be doing this time tomorrow?” he asked her.
54) “When will we know the exam results,” she asked the teacher.
55) “Where do you get your daily paper?” he asked.
56) “What makes a noise like that?” he wondered.
57) “Did you have a long argument on this point?” he asked.
58) “Which newspaper carried the article?” she asks.
59) “Did the boys look smart in their school uniforms?” she asked him.
60) “You don’t like Chinese food, do you?” he asked.
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
109
Unit 5
4. Report the following commands, requests, and suggestions. Change an
introductory verb, if necessary.
61) “We’ll pay for the damage,” they told us.
62) “Don’t forget to do the washing-up,” Mum said to me.
63) “We should send some money to David,” he proposed.
64) “I’ll definitely finish the work by the end of the week,” he said.
65) “Could I speak to the manager, please?” he said.
66) “Don’t throw old wine away, you can always use it for cooking,” she said.
67) “To make tea taste better, warm the tea-leaves before you use them,” she
advised.
68) “I think you had better phone the police,” she told him.
69) “Come and see me after the lecture,” the professor said to the student.
70) “I really must have a rest,” Laura said.
71) “All right. I won’t talk about tennis,” Paul said to his friends.
72) “Do have a drink,” Clara told us.
73) “Shall I talk to him?” he asked.
74) “Why don’t you come to the mountains with me next weekend?” he said to
her.
75) “Please, don’t tell mother,” she begged him.
76) “You lied to me,” Frank said to Ann.
77) “Don’t ever offer a cigar to Al,” he said to Jim.
78) “I wonder if you could pass the spinach to me?” she said to him.
79) “I’ll punish you if you behave badly,” Dad told the boy.
80) “I’m sorry I forgot to call you,” Steve said.
81) “I’m the best volleyball player in the school,” Martin told me.
82) “Drive carefully,” she told him.
83) “Yes, I took the documents,” she told him.
84) “Shall I help you with the cooking?” she said.
85) “Stand to attention!” he commanded the soldiers.
Unit 6
5. Turn the following sentences with the modals into Reported Speech.
86) “You should do as you are told,” she said.
87) “How should I have answered?” he said.
88) “We can meet next week,” she told him.
89) “I may call you,” she said to them.
90) “How shall I start the investigation?” he asked them.
91) “Shall I carry the bag for you?” he said.
92) “You must be back at ten sharp,” she told him.
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
110
93) “He must be a liar,” she said.
94) “You needn’t feed the dog. I’ve already done it,” he said.
95) “You had better phone him,” she said.
96) “I could run very fast when I was a boy,” he said.
97) “You may leave early,” he told her.
98) “One day I’ll be able to afford a car,” she said.
99) “You ought to send them a letter of apology,” he said.
100) “Did you have to walk all the way home?” he asked her.
Total: 100/_______
Unit 1
SEQUENCE OF TENSES
By the term sequence of tenses is meant the relationship of
tense forms of verbs in a sentence.
The verb of a subordinate clause is made to agree with a
principal verb according to the following rules:
1. Principal verbs in the present or the future tenses take
subordinate verbs in any tense:
He says he has to go/ will go/ had to go.
He will understand that he has been in the wrong/was in the wrong.
2. Principal verbs in the past-time tenses should be followed by
subordinate verbs that denote past time (Past Indefinite, Past
Perfect, Past Continuous or Future-in-the-Past):
He said he had to go/ would go.
He said that he had won.
He had tried hard in order that he might win.
3. If the subordinate clause expresses a general truth – a fact
that is true for all time – a past tense in a principal clause may be
followed by a present tense in a subordinate clause:
John said that Minsk is the capital of Belarus.
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
111
The rules of Sequence of Tenses are not characteristic of
Russian, and these differences in the language systems cause
some problems in translation. Cf.:
He said (that) Mary translated
Он сказал, что Мэри переводит
articles without a dictionary.
статьи без словаря.
He said (that) Mary was translating
the article in her room.
Он сказал, что Мэри переводит
статью в своей комнате.
He said (that) Mary would give me
the article when she translated it.
Он сказал, что Мэри даст ему
статью, когда она ее
переведет.
Он сказал, что пишет ей письма
каждый день.
He said (that) he wrote to her daily.
Он сказал, что он сейчас ей пишет He said (that) he was writing a letter
письмо.
to her.
Он сказал, что он написал ей
об этом.
He said (that) he had written to
her about it.
The rules of Sequence of Tenses are especially active in
Reported Speech when speakers need to introduce grammatical
changes to show the differences between their current situation and
the situation they are reporting.
Besides the change of the tense forms there are some other
special strategies in indirect speech: changing time and place
references, personal pronouns and reporting verbs. The basic rules
for forming indirect, or Reported Speech are presented below.
EXERCISES
1.Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form.
1) I knew they (to wait) for me at the metro station and I decided to hurry.
2) I didn’t know that you already (to wind) up the clock.
3) I was afraid that the little girl (not be able) to unlock the front door and (to
go) upstairs to help her.
4) Mark understood why Tom (not to come) the previous evening.
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
112
5) He stopped and listened: the clock (to strike) six.
6) They realized that they (to lose) their way in the dark.
7) When the bus (to stop) I (to look) out of the window but (not to see) my
brother there. I (to send) him a telegram and I (to think) that he (to meet)
me.
8) I found out that he (not to know) German at all.
9) I learnt that my cousin (to receive) a very interesting offer from his firm.
10) My niece wrote in her letter that she (to come) to stay with us.
11) I think the weather (to be) fine next week. I hope it (not to change) for the
worse.
12) She hoped that her boyfriend (to come) to see her.
13) I suppose they (to send) a dog after the burglar immediately.
14) When I came to the station I saw my cousin. I understood that he (to miss)
the 6 o’clock train.
15) We didn’t know where our friends (to go) every evening.
16) Shakespeare wrote that all the world (to be) a stage.
2.Translate from Russian into English.
1) Простите, мы не думали, что вы ждете нас.
2) Я думаю, что вы опоздаете в кино.
3) Мы решили на прошлой неделе, что будущим летом мы все поедем на
Канарские острова.
4) Я был уверен, что вы не подведете меня.
5) Я не знал, что ты уже вернулся в Манчестер.
6) Он боялся, что ему будет трудно сделать доклад.
7) Секретарь не заметил, что директор с кем-то разговаривает.
8) Когда я увидел Марту, я понял, что она чем-то расстроена. Она сказала,
что заболела ее мать.
9) Я была удивлена, когда узнала, что Марк не сдал экзамен. Он говорил,
что долго к нему готовился.
10) В больнице я узнал, что у меня вторая группа крови.
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
UNIT 2
113
REPORTED SPEECH. MEANING AND USE
1. Direct Speech is the exact words someone said: “I’ll go to
London,” she said. Quotation marks (“…”) are used in Direct Speech.
Reported Speech is the exact meaning of what someone said
but not the exact words: She said she would go to London. Quotation
marks are not used in Reported Speech.
2. The verbs most commonly used to introduce the Reported
Speech are to tell and to say.
The verb tell is used to mention the hearer (the person spoke
to): Sarah’s boss told her she could leave early. Daniel tells me he is ready.
The verb tell is used without an indirect object (e.g. her, me) only
in the expressions tell a story, tell the truth, tell a lie, tell the time,
tell you so.
The verb say is used when one doesn’t mention the hearer:
Sarah’s boss said she could leave earlier. Daniel says he is ready.
Sometimes to is used after say, especially when the words are
not reported: The boss wanted to say something to Sarah. What did
Matthew say to you?
3. In order to interpret what we hear or read the following verbs
can be used:
Introductory verbs Direct Speech
Verb + to-inf.
“Yes, I’ll help you.”
Agree
“Shall I open the door?”
Offer
“Of course I’ll pay you.”
Promise
“No, I won’t go with you.”
Refuse
“I’ll punish you.”
Threaten
Verb + sb. + to-inf.
“You should see a
Advise
lawyer.”
“Could you help me?”
Ask
“Please, don’t hurt her.”
Beg
Command “Stand up!”
“Will you go out with
Invite
me?”
Reported Speech
He agreed to help me
He offered to open the door.
He promised to pay me.
He refused to go with us.
He threatened to punish me.
He advised me to see a lawyer.
He asked me to help him.
He begged me not to hurt her.
He commanded to stand up.
He invited me to go out with
him.
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
114
Order
“Leave the cat!”
Remind
Warn
“Don’t forget to ring Ann.”
“Don’t go near her.”
Verb + gerund
“Yes, I did it.”
Admit
Accuse sb. of “You took the money.”
Apologise for “I’m sorry I came so late.”
Boast
of/about
Complain to
sb. of
Deny
“I’m the fastest of all.”
Insist on
“You must come with us.”
(Say one)
prefers
Suggest
“I’d rather do it myself.”
“I have a toothache.”
“I didn’t take the book.”
“Let’s have a party.”
Verb + that clause
“Yes, it’s a big house.”
Agree
Complain
“You’re always lying to me.”
Deny
“I didn’t take that book.”
Explain
“That’s why I didn’t take it.”
Exclaim/
remark
Promise
“What a sunny day it is.”
Suggest
“You’d better see a doctor.
“Of course I’ll help you.”
He ordered me to leave the
cat.
She reminded me to ring Ann.
She warned me not to go near
her.
He admitted doing/having
done it.
He accused me of taking/
having taken the money.
He apologised for
coming/having come so late.
He boasted of/about being the
fastest of all.
He complained to me of
having a toothache.
He denied taking/having
taken the book.
He insisted on me/my going
with them.
He said he preferred doing/to
do it himself.
He suggested having a party.
He agreed that it was a big
house.
He complained that I was
always lying to him.
He denied that he had taken
the book.
He explained to me why/that
he hadn’t taken it.
He exclaimed/remarked that
it was a sunny day.
He promised that he would
help me.
He suggested that I (should)
see a doctor.
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
115
NOTE: admit, advise, boast, insist, threaten, warn, remind can
also be followed by a that-clause in Reported Speech.
4. Reported Speech commonly occurs in continuous paragraphs
of reported language, not in unrelated sentences. To hold it together
such phrases and words as she went on to say, he continued, he
added that, and, as, because, but, since, while, then, etc. are
used:
“I’m really tired,” she said to him. “Can you make me a cup of coffee?”
She exclaimed that she was tired and asked him to make her a cup of
coffee.
We can report:
– statements
– questions
– commands, requests, suggestions, etc.
EXERCISES
1. Report the following utterances. Use the reporting verbs best suited to the
sense of the utterance.
1) Mike: I’m sure Ann will be an excellent guide. Helen: Yes, she will.
2) Jim to his boss: I’ll finish this report by the end of the day.
3) Henry: I won’t stay at this hotel. The room service is awful here.
4) Victor to Diana: You must go to the bank tomorrow. Don’t you remember?
5) Jack to Jane: If you don’t take a taxi you won’t catch the next train.
6) Roger: How about coming to a party with me tonight? Ann: I’ll be
delighted.
7) Nina: I have a terrible headache. Steve: Would you like me to buy some
medicine for you?
8) Jim to Harry: I’m late because I missed my bus.
9) Martha: It was me. I ate all the cake yesterday.
10) Adrian: I’m sorry I was rude.
11) Peter: I really must leave.
12) Helen to Nick: I’ll let you know about my arrival. I’ll send you a telegram.
13) Sue: Mum, please let me go to the carnival. I’ll be all right!
14) Tom to Kate: You betrayed me!
2.Put in tell or say.
1) All the experts … the Earth is getting warmer.
2) Did you … Mark and Roger how to find our house?
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
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3) The sales manager is going to … everyone about the meeting.
4) Nora, why don’t you just … what the matter is.
5) They … they’re going to build a new Disney World here.
6) What did he … about his holiday plans?
7) Could you … me the way to the train station, please?
8) The company should … its employees what’s going on.
9) You shouldn’t … lies, you know, James.
10) Did you … anything to Bob about the barbecue?
UNIT 3
REPORTED STATEMENTS
1. To report statements a reporting verb (say, tell, explain, etc.)
followed by a that-clause is used. In spoken English that can be
omitted: He said, “I feel sick. He said (that) he felt sick.
2. Pronouns and possessive adjectives change according to the
context.
Direct Speech:
Reported Speech:
He said, “I’ll lend you my car”.
He said he would lend me his car.
3. Verb Tenses and time expressions change in Reported
Speech:
a) when the introductory verb is in a past tense: She said that
she was leaving the following week.
b) in out-of-date reporting: When I saw Alec he said he was going
to England the next month.
c) when there is a difference between what was said and
what is really true: You said you liked (not ‘you like’) chocolate,
but you aren’t eating any.
4. When the reporting verb is in the past, the verb tenses
change according to the rules of Sequence of Tenses as follows:
Direct Speech
Present Indefinite
“He likes walking,” she said.
Reported Speech
 Past/Present Indefinite
She said he liked/likes walking.
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
117
Present Continuous
“He is watching TV,” he said.
 Past Continuous
Present Perfect
“He has just left,” she said.
 Past Perfect
Past Indefinite
“I went home early,” she said.
 Past Indefinite/Past Perfect
He said he was watching TV.
She said he had just left.
She said she went/had gone home
early.
Future
 Future-in-the-Past
“He’ll be back in an hour,” she said. She said he would be back in an hour.
Present Perfect Continuous  Past Perfect Continuous
“I’ve been typing since night,” she
She said she had been typing since
said.
night.
NOTE 1:
a) If the statement is still up to date when reported, then there is
a choice. You can either leave the tense the same, or you can
change it:
John said he is/was going to Rome in April.(a future event is
expressed)
Sarah told me that her father owns/owned a racehorse. (it is possible
to say that her father owns a racehorse because it is still true)
Peter told me today that he lost his watch some days ago. (recent
report)
Mary said her mother is seriously ill. (the situation hasn’t changed,
it’s relevancy at the present moment is emphasized)
b) If the statement is no longer up to date, then the tense is
changed.
John said he was going to Rome in April. (now it is May)
Sarah once told me that her father owned a racehorse. (he may no
longer own one)
Peter told me last month that he had lost his watch some days before.
(remote past report)
Last month I met Mary. She said her mother was seriously ill. (the
event is past, the situation might have changed)
NOTE 2: If the verb is Past Perfect or Past Perfect Continuous, it
stays the same: “My money had run out.” Daniel said his
money had run out.
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
118
5. Certain words can change as follows depending on the time
reference.
Direct Speech
Reported Speech
tonight, today, this
that night, that day, that
week/month/year
week/month/year

now
 then, at that time, at once,
immediately
now that
 since
yesterday, last night/week/month the day before, the previous
night/week/month/year

tomorrow, next week/
the following day /the day after,
the following/next
month/year

week/month/year
two days/months etc. ago
 two days/months etc. before
this/these

here

come

E.g. ‘Tom is leaving tomorrow,” she
said.
that/those
there
go
She said that Tom was leaving the
next day.
6. There are no changes in the verb tenses in Reported Speech
when the direct sentence expresses a general truth. (See Unit 3)
“The Earth is a planet,” he said.
He said the Earth is a planet.
EXERCISES
1. Turn the following statements into Reported Speech. Mind the changes of
place and time.
Model: Rachel: I’m taking my driving test tomorrow.
You: When I saw Rachel, she said she was taking her driving test the
next day.
1) Emma: I’ve only had this new computer since yesterday.
You: Emma said…
2) Matthew: I’m meeting a friend at the station later today.
You: Matthew said…
3) Mark: I’ll see you in the office tomorrow.
You: Mark said to me today…
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
119
4) Sarah: The conference was last week.
You: Sarah told me…
5) Tom: I’m having a party in my office tomorrow.
You: Tom told me…
6) Vicky: I’m leaving for Manchester in three days.
You: Vicky said…
7) Nick: I gave up smoking a week ago.
You: I saw Nick last week. He said…
8) Alice: I’ll be very busy this month.
You: Alice told me…
9) Rita: I passed the first exam a week ago!
You: Rita told me today …
10) Helen: Tom invited me to come for a drive tomorrow.
You: Helen said…
2. Put in is or was. Sometimes both are possible.
1) I heard today that the house … for sale. I wonder who will buy it.
2) I saw David yesterday. He said he … on his way to visit his sister.
3) This wallet is made of plastic not leather. Why did you tell me it … leather?
4) We had to hurry yesterday morning. Just as we arrived at the station, we
heard an announcement that the train … about to leave.
5) I saw Susan just now. She said her tooth … still aching.
6) I’m surprised Mario lost. I thought he … much better in tennis than John.
7) When we spoke to reporters yesterday, Mr Campbell said that the company
… now in a much better financial position.
3. Change the following sentences into Reported Speech.
1) Jack told his father, “I have lost my notebook”.
2) Henry said to me, “I didn’t throw stones at your dog”.
3) Bob said to Tom, “Henry doesn’t sit next to me in class”.
4) Nick said to her, “Jack always tells lies”.
5) Ann said seriously, “ There isn’t much sense in what you suggest”.
6) I told the policeman, “ I saw the thief in the garden”.
7) He said, “I have eaten nothing for two days”.
8) Jack’s father said to him, “You haven’t cleaned your shoes”.
9) Mary said, “ I don’t want to wear my old dress”.
10) My mother said to me, “ I feel very tired and I have a headache”.
11) My friend told me, “We have plenty of time to do our work”.
12) I said to my sister with joy, “George has written me a long letter”.
13) He said to me today, “This trip costs a lot of money”.
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
120
14) He said to me, “ I was arrested and tried for murder some years ago”.
15) She said thoughtfully, “Health is better than wealth”.
16) “I’ve never seen anything like this before”, the professor said.
17) “I’m telephoning from the US”, Peter said.
18) “I can’t live on my basic salary,” he said.
19) “The ice will soon be hard enough to skate on it,” she exclaimed.
20) “The puppy can sleep on our doormat,” said my aunt.
4. Change the following sentences into Direct Speech.
1) The farmer said that he hadn’t grown any wheat since 1975.
2) The teacher told his students that he was going to give them a test.
3) I told him that I hadn’t seen his brother for a long time.
4) The professor told the students that he hoped they understood the rules.
5) She told the grocer that she didn’t want any sugar.
6) I told the taxi-driver that he was driving too fast.
7) My sister said that she hadn’t got a watch.
8) He explained that he had never smoked.
9) Jim was sure that he had seen her somewhere before.
10) She said that there was no evidence that watching TV strained the eyes.
11) She noticed with regret that she had never been to Italy.
12) He said that he hardly knew the people he was going to meet.
13) She said that she couldn’t excuse me unless I told her what the problem
was.
14) The judge added that everyone had to answer for his actions.
15) Jim said that he had been unemployed since he had left college.
16) He said that he couldn’t make up his mind what to do next.
17) Marry said that she was really interested in studying economics.
18) Jane said that her mother was worried because she hadn’t heard from her
sister for a month.
19) After a minute he added that Edna was a very interesting person to talk
with.
20) He saved his skin by telling the police he had spent the evening with her.
5. Choose the most suitable word in cursive.
1) Laura accepted/expected that she had made a mistake and apologized.
2) Frank and Susan reported/announced that they were going to get married.
3) Mario answered/replied them with a detailed description of the district.
4) Jane explained/warned me not to leave the air-conditioner on all night.
5) The manager mentioned/reminded us that we were short of time.
6) The professor advised/suggested me to spend more time in the library.
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
121
7) Peter insisted/persuaded me to sell my car.
8) The government spokesperson denied/refused that there was an economic
crisis.
9) The travel agent confirmed/reassured that our room had been reserved.
10) Jane said/told me she would never speak to him again.
11) Tim refused/denied to take part in the conference.
6. Report what these people are saying with the reporting verbs provided.
1) “She is going to England for six months”. They say …… .
2) “They went to Rhodes last month.” Peter told me …… .
3) “I’ll look at your work in a minute.” She said …… .
4) “I’ve already typed those letters.” She noticed …… .
5) “We’ll analyze this case once again.” The inspector said …… .
6) “The last meeting did no one any good.” The writer of the article said …… .
7) “I’m good at singing.” She always told people …… .
8) “I’ve lost my bank card. I don’t know where it is.” She said …….
9) “I don’t have any information.” He admitted …….
10) “This train doesn’t stop at our station.” She told them …….
11) “I haven’t seen the new Disney film.” She complained to me …… .
12) “We will bake the bread soon.” She said to him …… .
13) “A policeman has been murdered by terrorists.” The press said …….
14) “The dog has bitten several people.” He told me …….
15) “Using the computer is very simple.” He said …….
7. Turn each direct-speech statement into Reported Speech with tense
changes.
1) “I have something to tell you,” he said to her.
2) “I’m going away this week, mother,” he said.
3) “It’s a pity you didn’t bring your camera with you,” she said.
4) “I’ll try to remember everyone’s name,” she said.
5) “We have brought some food with us,” they said.
6) “I can’t remember the accident very clearly,” he told the policeman.
7) “Natasha is a good violinist,” he admitted.
8) “I’ve got hardly any money left,” he told us.
9) “I’m getting quite hungry,” he complained to us.
10) “ I think Egypt is a fascinating country,” she said.
11) “Trevor gave up playing football years ago,” she said.
12) “The United Nations was established to settle conflicts peacefully,” he said.
13) “I’m trying to calculate how much money I’ve spent,” he said to me.
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
122
14) “Our lawyers will draw up a new contract,” he told me.
15) “What I really need is a long holiday,” she said.
8. Yesterday you met a friend of yours, Martha. Here are some of the things
Martha said to you:
1) I’m living in London now.
2) My father isn’t very well.
3) Sharon and Paul are getting married next month.
4) Margaret has had a baby.
5) I don’t know what Fred is doing.
6) I saw Helen at the party in June and she seemed fine.
7) I haven’t seen Diana recently.
8) I’m not enjoying my job very much.
9) You can come and stay at my flat if you are ever in London.
10) My car was stolen a few weeks ago.
11) I want to go on holidays but I can’t afford it.
12) I’ll tell Ann I saw you.
Later that day you tell another friend what Martha said. Use Reported
Speech.
1) Martha said that she was living in London now.
2) She said that …… .
3) She …… .
4) …… .
9. Somebody says something to you which is opposite of what they said
before. Write a suitable answer beginning with I thought you said… .
1) A: That restaurant is expensive.
B: Is it? I thought you said it was cheap.
2) A: Ann is coming to the party tonight.
B: Is she? I thought you said she …… .
3) A: Ann likes Paul.
B: Does she? I thought …… .
4) A: I know lots of people.
B: Do you? I thought you said …… .
5) A: I’ll be here next week.
B: Will you? …… .
6) A: I’m going out this evening.
B: Are you? …… .
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123
7) A: I can speak a little French.
B: Can you? …… .
8) A: I haven’t been to the cinema for ages.
B: Haven’t you? …… .
9) A: John has given up his job.
B: Has he? …… .
10) A: I want to go to New York next year.
B: Do you? …… .
11) A: Peter and Judy are planning to get married.
B: Are they? …… .
12) A: My salary is very low.
B: Is it? …… .
13) A: I go to work by tube.
B: Do you? …… .
14) A: He prefers Mary.
B: Does he? …… .
10. Convert into Reported Speech.
1) The general said: “I want to consult you, Lionel. It’s about my boy,
Hubert.”
2) The old man said, “I had to go in the cave, son.”
3) “My father is a preacher,” Isaak said, “so I have read my Bible.”
4) “Hans,” said Miller, “I will give you my wheel-barrow.”
5) “Well,” cried Pinch, “you are the strangest young man, Martin, I ever knew
in my life.”
6) “Very well, then,” said my friend’s wife, rising, “all I have to say is, that I
shall take the children and go to a hotel, until these cheeses are eaten. I
decline to live any longer in the same house with them.”
7) “Maurice,” she said, “I’ve just telephoned to the doctor.”
8) “I will ring when I need you,” she said to the maid.
9) “Boy,” the lieutenant said, “if you aren’t careful you’ll be ordered off this
mountain.”
10) “A clever accountant like me, and a man who is honest and industrious, can
always get work,” Jean said.
11. Look at the extract from the interview 1 and the following report of it.
Then write your own report of the next interviews.
Interview 1
“…It’s not what people think it is. I mean, you would, all you do is, you do all
the dirty jobs, you have to clean people’s boots, you have to pick up their kit,
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
124
wash out the bathrooms, scrub the floors, it’s – things like that. Paint walls. We
were doing that sort of thing…”
Report
He said that life for a young professional football player wasn’t what people
thought it was. All they did was the dirty jobs: they had to clean people’s boots,
pick up their kit, wash out the bathrooms, scrub the floors, paint walls and
things like that…
Interview 2
“… Some of the travelling isn’t too-too good. I mean, going up on a Friday
night and staying in a hotel. It’s all right, but it’s not – you know, I mean, it
takes you away from your family and your kids a little bit. Sometimes travelling
can be very monotonous. I mean, that’s a thing you have to put up with, but I
think certain things you have to do in travelling are very boring…”
Report…. She said that…
Interview 3
“…Actually imprisonment doesn’t do any good, it doesn’t deter crime, it
doesn’t stop crime, doesn’t deter people from committing a crime, and it costs
society a lot of money to keep them there, between three and four hundred
pounds a week… What deters people from committing crimes is the thought
that they are actually going to get caught. Only about 15% of crimes are cleared
in Britain. That means 85% of the crimes that are committed are not cleared up.
So people think they are not going to get caught…”
Report… He said that…
Interview 4
“…I think that although some lip-service is paid to prison being rehabilitative,
that actually it is a straight punishment. By and large in prison you sit and mark
time, you have lost your job, you may well lose your family, you may well lose
your accommodation while you are there, and you quite frequently come out
knowing a lot more about how to break the law, and with a lot less reason not to
do it again, because you’ve lost all the other things in the community that keep
you from doing it in the first place, so I actually have a fairly negative view
overall of what prison does…”
Report… He said that…
12. Translate from Russian into English.
1) Она сказала, что вам эти сведения были направлены в прошлом
месяце.
2) Он сказал, что уже слышал эти печальные новости.
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
125
3) Джейн сказала, что они простояли в очереди за билетами полчаса.
4) Он пообещал, что с ней ничего не случится.
5) Она предупредила нас о том, что скоро будет дождь.
6) Он сказал, что не может решиться сделать ей предложение.
7) Спустя некоторое время он все-таки согласился нам помочь.
8) Он обвинил меня в том, что я взяла его деньги.
9) Она отрицала, что когда-либо встречалась с этим человеком.
10) С восторгом она сказала, что едет на отдых в солнечную Италию.
11) Он сказал, что Виктория самая добрая, самая милая, самая
замечательная женщина в мире.
12) Директор сообщил нам, что решение было принято и ничего нельзя
было сделать, чтобы помочь ему.
13) Полли сказала, что она поедет в Лондон, чтобы навестить одного из
своих друзей.
14) Он заявил, что ждет их уже полтора часа и не будут ждать ни минуты
больше.
15) Моя сестра сказала, что купит новую стиральную машину. Она будет
лучше, но гораздо дороже.
16) Она заявила, что не хочет идти с нами.
17) Она нас уверяла, что никогда не разговаривала с Михаилом.
18) Она отрицала, что говорила с Ниной.
19) Она признала, что ошиблась.
20) Он нам сообщил, что достал билеты.
UNIT 4
REPORTED QUESTIONS
1. In Reported questions affirmative word order is used and the
question mark is omitted.
2. To report a question one can use:
a) ask + wh-word (who, what, etc.) when the direct question
begins with such a word,
b) ask + if / whether when the direct question begins with an
auxiliary verb (do, has, can, etc).
3. Pronouns, possessive adjectives, tenses, time expressions
etc. change as in statements.
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
126
Direct Speech:
He said, “Where did he stay?”
He said, “Did you have a nice time?”
Reported Speech:
He asked where he had stayed.
He asked if/whether I had had a
nice time.
NOTE: Tense changes: Present becomes Past and Past becomes
Past Perfect”:
“Are you ready?”– He asked (me) if/whether I was ready
But if you are reporting a question that has just been asked, you
can say:
“Are you ready?”-“What did John ask you?”– He asked (me)
if/whether I’m ready.
EXERCISES
1. Rewrite each of these questions in Reported Speech. Start with the words
given, and make any additions you need.
1) “Is this workbook yours?”
She inquired ..... .
2) “Who are the victims of this crime?”
She wanted to know ..... .
3) “Will you go to the meeting if he does?”
He inquired ..... .
4) “Did the company get any profit this year?”
He asked ..... .
5) “For how many years was he sent to prison?”
She questioned ..... .
6) “Why did he never make the smallest effort to reach my father?”
Mary asked her friend ..... .
7) “Can I come and see you sometimes?”
She wanted to know ..... .
8) “Do you ever hear from your sister?”
Jack asked Megan .....
9) “How do they get rid of rats and mice?”
She questioned .....
10) “What’s wrong with Davis?”
He rang for Tracy and asked .....
11) “Do you agree with him about this?”
Tim asked seriously .....
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
127
12) “Have you been to New York?”
The boy inquired .....
13) “Can I have some more pocket money?”
The boy asked ..... .
14) “Where were you born?”
She asked him ..... .
15) “How far is the stadium?”
He wanted to know ..... .
16) “Are you still living in London?”
She asked ..... .
17) “Do you work in the central branch or in the provinces?”
She asked him ..... .
18) “Are you going to give me the money or not?”
She wanted to know ..... .
19) “Did he bring the book back?”
He wondered ..... .
20) “Where did you get such a lovely pullover?”
She asked her sister ..... .
2. Turn the questions into Reported Speech.
1) “Are you going to let me tell this?” she questioned.
2) “Do you really mean that, sweet?” she said looking at him curiously.
3) “What happened to you?” he asked when we got home.
4) “Have you got any paper handkerchiefs?” she asked.
5) “Can you open this tin for me?” she asked.
6) “Can you lend me five pounds till Monday?” Gerry asked Marta.
7) “How much does a tube of toothpaste cost?” a customer asked the salesman.
8) “What kind of pictures does she sell?” he questioned.
9) “When did you start working on this project?” she asked.
10) “Would you like anything more to eat or drink?” he asked.
11) “Could I borrow your car this afternoon?” he asked very cautiously.
12) “Have you got anything to eat? I’m getting hungry,” she said.
13) “Italians drink more wine than English people, don’t they?” he questioned.
14) He saw a cloud of smoke and asked, “What is burning?”
15) The policeman asked me, “Where did you lose your wallet?”
16) “Who has been using my typewriter?” said my father.
17) “How much do you think it will cost?” he asked.
18) “Have you been here long?” the other students asked him.
19) “What are you going to do with your old car?” I asked him.
20) “Did any of you actually see the accident happen?” said the policeman.
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
128
3. This is a part of a conversation between a policeman and a young woman.
Turn their dialogue into Reported Speech. You can start like this: A policeman
asked a young lady what time she …….
Policeman: What time did you stop work yesterday?
Woman: I don’t know. Probably, at half past five.
P: And where did you go after that?
W: I went straight home.
P: I see. How did you travel home? By bus?
W: Yes.
P: What bus did you take?
W: I don’t remember.
P: All right. What time did you arrive home?
W: Oh, around six, I suppose.
P: Did you see anybody you knew on the way?
W: I don’t think so. I don’t remember.
P: What did you do when you got home?
W: Made a cup of tea and put the TV on.
P: Oh, yes. What program did you watch?
W: ‘Front page’.
P: ‘Front page’ wasn’t on last night.
W: I’ve got it recorded on video.
P: I see. Did you make any phone calls?
W: Pardon?
P: Did you telephone anybody?
W: I might have done. I don’t remember.
4. Put the following into Reported Speech.
1) “What happened to their friendship?” said one of the men.
2) “Which of his children inherited the property?” asked Ann.
3) “Who is going to negotiate?” asked the manager.
4) “Where is the nearest pub here?” asked a stranger.
5) “What shall I do with my heavy luggage?” she said to him.
6) “How much does a day return to Plymouth cost?” Mrs Smith asked.
7) “Would you like me to go there with you?” she asked.
8) “Have you done this sort of work before?” asked the personnel manager.
9) “Did they understand what you were trying to tell them?” he asked me.
10) “Will you go on strike when the others do?” the shopkeeper asked him.
11) “Who left the banana skin at the doorway?” said my mother.
12) “What else did you see?” the policeman asked the witness.
13) “Are you sorry for your betrayal?” Alex asked me.
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
129
14) “Have you spent all the money on betting?” he asked me.
15) “Are you in San Francisco for business or pleasure?” he asked her.
16) “What’s the matter with your hand?” he inquired.
17) “Did you ask to see his membership card?” the manager asked.
18) “ Do you want me to hold the keys just in case?” he asked.
19) “How much cash do you have?” asked the banker.
20) “Why do you think it may be dangerous?” he asked her.
5. Read the following text carefully. Some of the lines are correct but in the
others there is a word which should not be there. If the sentence is correct,
tick (\/) it. If there is an incorrect word in the sentence, write it at the end in
the space provided. The first two are given as examples.
A job interview
I think the interview went well. He wanted to know whether a ...whether...
number of things about me and what I had been doing
...\/ ………
1) in the last few years. First he asked me if I have had had
………….
2) a nice trip down from Manchester and how long it
………….
3) had been taken me to get there. He also wanted to know
………….
4) whether or it had been snowing in Manchester. The chitchat ………….
5) over, he asked from me how old I was and where I was born ………….
6) although I had sent him my CV by post. He then asked
………….
7) how long I had lived in Manchester and I told him. His
………….
8) next question was the whether I was married and whether I had ………
9) a family or not. I explained him that I was separated and that ………….
10) I had one daughter. He me asked how long did I had worked as an .…..
11) editor and how much I was had been paid in my
present job. He asked
………….
12) what was I liked most about my job and who had told me
………….
13) about their company. The main questions he asked me
were about the
....……….
14) qualities of a good manager. Finally, he asked how much have………….
15) I expected to be paid. I think the interview went very well. ………….
6. You were looking for a job and went for an interview to some company last
Friday. In conversation with a friend you talk about the interview and report
the various questions that you were asked. The questions were the following:
1) What is your full name?
2) How old are you?
3) Where were you born?
4) What kind of education do you have?
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
130
5) Did you have any professional experience?
6) What is the reason for your applying for this post?
7) Why have you quitted your previous job?
8) Are you married or single?
9) Do you have any children?
10) Do you have any hobbies or leisure interests?
11) What kind of person are you?
12) Where do you live?
13) Do you have any references?
14) What languages do you speak, read or write?
15) Have you ever been abroad?
16) Have you ever been in charge of people?
17) What are your good points?
18) What do you not like doing and why?
19) Why do you like this job?
20) Have you attended any training courses?
7. Put the following into Direct Speech.
1) He inquired who I could turn to in time of crisis.
2) Bob asked if it was lunch-time yet.
3) She asked if he had been sent to jail for his political views.
4) Mrs White asked Olaf how his neighbour was getting on.
5) Frieda inquired how much Lucille’s new skirt had cost.
6) Andrew wanted to know if Loran was going out shopping.
7) She wanted to know if divorce was on the increase in Great Britain.
8) The customer asked the butcher what the price of the beef was.
9) An old man asked the station-master if he could catch the train from
Victoria to get to Brighton.
10) Michael requested if I liked the colour.
11) He asked where we had stayed in London.
12) He asked me were she had gone.
13) The boy asked the tour guide where the main tourist office was.
14) I wanted to know what he was doing there.
15) She inquired what his address was.
16) The director asked the managers whether or not they agreed with the
business plan.
17) She wanted to know if the boy was telling the truth.
18) I asked the old woman if she was feeling tired.
19) She asked me who I was writing a letter to.
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
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20) She wanted to know if we were more influenced by environment or
heredity.
8. Convert into Reported Speech.
1) “Davis, Davis,” she called, “what’s the time? My watch has stopped.”
2) “Jebb,” he said, “have you been in many caves?”
3) “When will Mr Dodson be back, sir?” inquired Mr Pickwick.
4) “And have you anything else you want to explain to me, Denry?” said Mr
Maybold.
5) The first question on Marianne’s side was, “How long has this been known
to you, Elinor? Has he written to you?”
6) “Who’s that fellow?” said Lord Saxended.
7) “What are you doing humped that way on the ground? Do you think that is
ladylike?” Mrs Bingham said to her daughter.
8) “Is there anything else on your mind, Erik?” Haviland asked.
9) “Tom,” she said timidly when they were out of doors, “how much money
did you give for your rabbits?”
10) Arrived at Shropshire house Sir Lawrence said: “Can we see the Marquess
Pommett?”
9. Rita is moving to a new flat. Bill has come to see the flat and help her move
in. Convert their dialogue into Reported Speech.
Bill: What number is that building?
Rita: Forty-for.
B: I didn’t realize there were only three floors. Which floor is your flat on?
R: The first floor.
B: It's a very nice flat. Which room will be your living-room?
R: This one here, I thought.
B: What colour are you going to paint it?
R: Oh, I don’t know yet.
B: What time is your furniture arriving?
R: Three o’clock, they said.
B: I’ll need some petrol. Where is the nearest petrol station?
R: Turn left at the end of the street.
10. Translate from Russian into English.
1) Он поинтересовался, работала ли я когда-нибудь с компьютером.
2) Нел спрашивает, понимаешь ли ты ее сейчас.
3) Они спросили меня, когда начинается мой рабочий день.
4) Она хотела узнать, когда я был на выставке последний раз.
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
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5) Мы его спросили, где он купил словарь.
6) Он поинтересовался, читала ли я Теккерея в оригинале или в переводе.
7) Она меня спросила, где я живу.
8) Я спросила сестру, почему она не хочет идти со мной в театр.
9) Он спросил меня, видел ли я когда-нибудь его брата.
10) Она хотела узнать, где я работаю.
11) Он спросил, почему я отклонила это предложение.
12) Она спросила, когда приходила Кэт.
13) Он спросил, люблю ли я драму.
14) Он хотел узнать, как часто я навещаю родителей.
15) Он хотел узнать, как долго я занимаюсь волейболом.
UNIT 5
REPORTED COMMANDS, REQUESTS,
SUGGESTIONS, ETC.
1. To report commands, requests, suggestions a reporting verb
(advise, ask, suggest, beg, offer, order, tell, etc) followed by a toInfinitive or a Gerund is used (see Unit 2).
Direct Speech
He said to me, “Come with me.”
He said, “Let’s go out.”
Reported Speech
He told me to go with him.
He suggested going out.
The negative is tell/ask someone not to do something.
“Don’t wear those boots in the house!” I asked you not to wear those
boots in the house.
2.To report exclamations which begin with “What a/an…” or
“How…” the verbs exclaim/say that are used.
“What an unusual design!” he said. He exclaimed/said that it
was an unusual design.
But with exclamations such as “Splendid!”, “Great!”, “Good!”,
“Excellent!”, “Oh!”, “Oh dear!” etc. the expression give an
exclamation of delight/disgust/relief/surprise, etc. is used:
“Wow!” he said as he saw her.
He gave an exclamation of
delight as he saw her.
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
133
3. Study the following examples:
They said, “Thank you.”
“Happy Birthday!” we said
to him.
“Congratulations!” they said
to us.
“You fool!” she said.
They thanked us.
We wished him a happy
birthday.
They congratulated us.
She called him a fool.
4. Yes/No short answers are expressed in Reported Speech with
subject + appropriate auxiliary verb/introductory verb:
“Will you help me?” she asked him. “Yes,” he said.
She asked him to help her and he said he would agree/he agreed.
5. Question tags are omitted in Reported Speech. An appropriate
introductory verb is used to convey the same meaning:
“You won’t tell anyone, will you?” she asked him.
She asked him not to tell anyone.
EXERCISES
1. Mrs Smith is giving her cleaner instructions about what to do for the day.
Report them.
1) “Clean the bathroom.”
2) “Make the beds.”
3) “Don’t forget to tidy the bedroom.”
4) “Feed the dogs.”
5) “Sweep the kitchen floor.”
6) “Don’t leave the rubbish in the kitchen.”
7) “Remember to water the plants.”
8) “Do the washing up.”
9) “Hoover the sitting room.”
10) “Don’t let anyone into the house.”
2. Report the following using an appropriate introductory verb from the box
below.
advise, suggest, order, tell, beg, remind, offer, insist, ask,
command, invite
1) “You should take more exercise,” the doctor said.
2) “Now go to sleep and stop worrying,” mother said softly.
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
134
3) “Shall I carry your shopping for you?” he said to her.
4) “Put on your clothes!” she said gruffly.
5) “Don’t rush into marriage,” Jack said.
6) “You should get a job and settle down,” she said to him.
7) “Don’t get dirty in the garden,” she said to Jane.
8) “You really must get your hair cut,” she said to him.
9) “Let’s go to Jamaica for our holiday,” he said to her.
10) “I think you should go on a diet,” she said to him.
11) “You are probably run down. You need a holiday,” Clarissa said.
12) “Please, stop making that noise! I can’t concentrate,” she told her children.
13) “Don’t take my ring. It was a present,” she said to him.
14) “You should relax more,” the doctor said to him.
15) “Leave now or I’ll phone the police,” she said to the salesman.
16) “Why don’t we have chicken for dinner?” he said.
17) “You should consult a lawyer,” he said.
18) “Please, please let me go out to play, Mum,” she said.
19) “Will you have dinner with me?” he asked.
20) “Don’t forget to phone me back later,” she told him.
21) “Don’t be shy of telling them what you think,” she said.
3. First read, then report what the teacher told the students before the exam.
1) Please, leave your bags at the front of the door.
2) Don’t talk during the exam.
3) Raise your hand if you need anything.
4) Write all your answers in pen.
5) Answer all the questions.
6) Don’t forget to write your name at the top of the page.
7) Check your answers again before you hand the paper in.
8) Tie the sheets together.
9) Don’t take any paper out of the room.
10) Please, leave quietly when you finish.
4. Change the following direct commands into reported commands using the
verbs: tell, order, ask, beg, advise, remind, warn, etc.
1) “Switch off the radio,” he said to her.
2) “Come closer to me,” she said.
3) “ Fill in the application form, please,” the secretary said.
4) “Obey my orders,” the commander said.
5) “Do it as I say, Mary,” he said.
6) “Don’t be late for dinner,” she said.
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
135
7) “It’s time to buy a new house,” he said.
8) “Don’t drive too fast. It’s dangerous,” she said.
9) “Come to the theatre with me,” he asked her.
10) “Don’t argue with me,” the teacher said to the boy.
11) “Don’t lend him money,” he advised her.
12) “Pay at the cash desk,” the salesman told the customer.
13) “Remember to phone me as soon as you get there,” she said.
14) “Think well before you do it,” the doctor warned her.
15) “Do whatever you like,” she said to us.
16) “Don’t leave me now,” she asked him.
17) “Don’t believe everything he says,” he warned me.
18) “Get out of my way,” he said furiously.
19) “Don’t look at me like that,” she said.
20) “Do it right now,” he said to me.
5. Put the following into Reported Speech using ask, advise, invite, offer,
remind, tell, warn.
1) “Would you like to join our club?” he said to me.
2) “Would you like a cappuccino?” said a friend of mine.
3) “Would you mind not smoking at my presence?” said their hostess.
4) “Take these letters to the post, will you?” said the manager.
5) “Will you help me, please?” she said. “I can’t find the documents.”
6) “This is a horrible house. Why don’t you find something better?” he said.
7) “If I were you I’d try this dress on,” she said.
8) “I’ll wait for you if you like,” he said.
9) “Remember to switch off the light when you leave,” he said.
10) “You’d better apologize for being so rude,” said my mother.
11) “Why don’t you travel on foot? It’s much more exciting,” I said.
12) “You must see this movie! It’s worth it,” said all my friends.
13) “Don’t leave your room till I let you do it,” he said.
14) “I’d be very grateful if you’d forward my letters while I’m away,” she said.
15) “Would you mind moving your car?” he said. “It’s blocking my door.”
16) “Would you like to wait outside?” said the receptionist.
17) “Don’t say anything to make him angry,” she said.
18) “Write to me as often as you can,” said his girlfriend.
19) “Don’t go near the water,” mother said to her children.
20) “Don’t forget to feed the dog in time,” he said.
6. Report the following using the simple past of the verbs in brackets.
1) “Don’t wait for him. He won’t come,” I said to her. (tell)
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
136
2) “Go on holiday when the weather gets a little bit warmer,” she told him.
(advise)
3) “Keep out of this house at all times,” she said to them. (warn)
4) “Remember to water the flowers once a week,” she said to me. (remind)
5) “Don’t enter my study while I’m working,” he said to them. (ask)
6) “Please, please don’t tell him about it,” she said. (beg)
7) “Let’s have a walk in the park,” he said to her. (invite)
8) “Leave the child alone,” she said to him. (order)
9) “You should go to bed and have some rest,” she said. (advise)
10) “You’d better slow down. There’s a speed limit here,” she said. (suggest)
11) “Follow that bus,” the policeman said to the taxi-driver. (ask)
12) “You must come with us. You won’t regret it,” he said. (insist)
13) “Do make the coffee a bit stronger,” he asked her. (beg)
14) “Don’t forget your sandwiches,” she said to him. (remind)
15) “Put down that gun. It’s loaded,” he said. (warn)
7. Report the dialogue.
J:
Oh, hello, Bill, how are you?
B: Fine, Jim. Listen, could you lend me your food processor for a couple of
hours? Mine has stopped working.
J:
Sure. Do you know how to work this one? Is yours the same make?
B: Let’s see. No, it isn’t. Could you give me a demonstration?
J:
Sure, just sit down. I’ll make some breadcrumbs, I need them for tonight.
Or why don’t you make them?
B: OK, what do I do first?
J:
Put the bowl on and turn it until it clicks. Yeah, then put the blade in and
push it down.
B: Does it matter which way I put it in?
J:
No, just put it in any way. But don’t forget to push it down until it clicks.
B: Now what?
J:
Cut the bread into squares – about six squares per slice, and put them in.
OK, now put the top on with the tube to the left of the front, and then turn
it to the right to start it.
B: Well, it’s easy enough. Mine is much more complicated.
J:
Yeah, well, I don’t think you’ll have any problems. Do you think you
could bring it back when you’ve finished with it?
B: Sure, don’t worry. I’ll have it back by eight, if that’s OK.
J:
Fine, see you then. Bye, Bill.
B: Bye, Jim, and thanks a lot.
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
137
8. Convert into Reported Speech.
1) “Get up, Jo-Lea,” Mr Bingham said.
2) “Daddy – oh, Daddy,” the girl said, “oh, let me stay.”
3) “Martha!” he called in a loud, commanding voice that echoed up and down
the corridor. “Martha, come back here!”
4) “Gretta, please say something,” he begged. “I’ve got to know if you are all
right.”
5) “Both of you come with me,” Conder said, “and have a drink at the
Fidzroy.”
6) “Now you go and get me my hammer, Will,” he would shout. “And don’t
you go, Maria.”
7) She went to the window and looked out. “Do come and look, Arthur,” she
said.
8) “And now, mamma,” said Sylviane, “let us have this wonderful news.”
9) “Lilly, Lilly,” he said, “don’t go away!”
10) He turned to her with a rough gesture. “Don’t worry, Savina!”
11) “Do me a last favour, Betteredge,” said Mr Franklin, “get me away to the
train as soon as you can!”
9. Report the dialogue.
Daniel:
Where shall we have our picnic then?
Rachel:
This looks all right. Shall we sit here?
Emma:
Oh, I’ve forgotten the sausages. They are in the car.
Matthew: Shall I get them?
Emma:
Oh, thanks, Matthew.
Vicky:
We could sit by those trees. It looks nicer over there.
Rachel:
No, it’s fine here.
Daniel:
Yes, it’s better here, I think.
Emma:
Would you like a sandwich, Vicky?
Vicky:
Oh, thank you.
Emma:
Will you have one, Rachel?
Matthew: And here are the sausages. Would anyone like one?
10. Mr Andrews is the boss at Techniques. He tells everyone what to do.
Report his orders and requests.
1) Would you mind making some tea, Alan?
2) You must inform me of any developments, Susan.
3) Could I have the latest sales figures, please?
4) Would you like to arrange a meeting some time next week, Fiona?
5) I want everyone to read the report.
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
138
6) Can I see the file, please, Mark?
7) Would you mind putting it in writing, Alan?
8) I wonder if you could translate this letter, Linda.
9) Could you meet our customer at the Airport, Frank?
10) Can you keep me informed, Mark?
11) Can everyone be quiet for a minute, please?
12) Would you mind sending me a copy of the catalogue, Linda?
11. Turn the following sentences into Reported Speech.
1) “Will you meet me at the station?” she asked. “Yes, of course,” he said.
2) “Wow!” they said as the fireworks exploded in the sky.
3) “You’ll try to come to the meeting after work, won’t you?” he said to us.
4) “How delicious!” she said as she tasted the pie.
5) “What a surprise!” he said when he unwrapped the present.
6) “Splendid!” she said when she saw the play.
7) “Well, good luck, then,” she said to him.
8) “Can you repair the bike?” she asked. “No,” he said.
12. Give the original words represented by the following reported sentences.
1) He politely declined my invitation to dinner.
2) He offered me to look after my kids.
3) We were given a warm welcome by our relatives.
4) The teacher reprimanded the student for failing to do the task.
5) My cousin suggested we all go and have a drink.
6) We were warned not to go near the edge of the cliff.
7) The hotel porter offered to carry my cases.
8) The doctor inquired after his daughter’s health.
9) He expressed great satisfaction with the way things had turned out.
10) He complimented his girlfriend on the way she looked that night.
11) He expressed his gratitude for what we had done.
13. Translate from Russian into English.
1) Он попросил меня никому об этом не рассказывать.
2) Она посоветовала мне не есть так много сладостей.
3) Марта напомнила мне, чтобы я купил продукты по дороге домой.
4) Он ей сказал, чтобы она не запирала дверь.
5) Хозяйка квартиры предупредила нас, что мы должны платить за
квартиру вовремя.
6) Мы его предупредили, чтобы он нас не ждал.
7) Доктор попросил их не будить больного.
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
139
8) Секретарь настоял на том, чтобы они не отправляли письма.
9) Мой приятель предложил, чтобы мы сходили на вечеринку.
10) Она предложила нам провести день за городом.
11) Доктор посоветовал мне поехать на юг.
12) Она предложила перевести для нас статью.
13) Мы ему сказали, чтобы он пришел к пяти часам.
14) Полицейский приказал водителю следовать за белой машиной.
15) Жена попросила меня уделять ей больше времени.
UNIT 6
MODALS IN REPORTED SPEECH
1. There are changes in the verb tenses of some modal verbs in
Reported Speech:
will/shall
would, can
could (present) / would be able to
(future), may
might, shall
should (asking for advice) or
would (asking for information), must
must / had to (obligation)
(must remains the same when it expresses possibility or deduction).
2. Would, could, used to, mustn’t, should, ought to and had
better remain the same.
EXERCISES
1. Turn the following sentences into Reported Speech.
1) “How shall I tell Tom the bad news?” she said.
2) “You must try my home-made pie,” she said.
3) “Can I go home now?” he asked her.
4) “May I call you by your first name?” he asked.
5) “You can come in, but you mustn’t make any noise,” she said to him.
6) “What time shall we arrive in London?” he asked.
7) “She must try harder if she wants to succeed,” he said.
8) “My father will be angry with me if he finds out,” she said.
9) “You ought not to drive so fast,” he said to him.
10) “They don’t have to come if they don’t feel like it,” he said.
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
140
11) “You had better speak to the manager,” she said to him.
12) “I may not be able to meet you at the airport,” he said to her.
13) “You must be very tired, you look so pale,” she said to him.
14) “How many instruments can you play, Natasha?” he asked.
15) “Shall I show you the way?” he asked.
16) “You’d better sit down,” she said.
17) “You must report to me every day,” the boss told her.
18) “I won’t be able to come to the meeting,” he said to them.
19) “You don’t have to do all the work yourself,” she said.
20) “Susan may know the address,” he said.
2. Open the brackets. Use the appropriate verb form.
1) She asked if she (can) have some more tea.
2) He said that he (must) go to Plymouth the following day.
3) He said that after the lecture he (have to) rush home.
4) Father said that Tom (must) work harder next term.
5) My employer said that I (not need) to come to work the next day.
6) She said that she (have to) drive his pigs out of her garden.
7) He said that he (can) speak six languages fluently.
8) He said he (can not) come to the meeting on Friday.
9) He asked if they (may) go swimming that day.
10) He told me that I (not have to) do all the work myself.
11) He inquired if he (shall) consult the lawyer in that situation.
12) They said that they (will not) be there next September.
13) He wanted to know if he (may) give me a ring the following day.
14) My parents said that we (must) be in bed by nine.
15) The boss told Laura that she (have to) get to work on time.
3. Turn the conversation into Reported Speech.
Vicky:
What time do we have to be at the coffee morning?
Rachel: The invitation says ten o’clock.
Vicky:
Well, it’s ten now. We’d better hurry. We shouldn’t be late.
Rachel: Oh, it won’t matter if we are a bit late.
Vicky:
I think it would be rude, wouldn’t it? I don’t think people ought to
arrive late when they’ve been invited to something.
Rachel:
You worry too much. You shouldn’t take everything so seriously,
Vicky. It’s a coffee morning, not a job interview. We don’t have to
get there exactly on time. We may be a little bit late.
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
141
4. Report the dialogue.
Tom:
I can’t come out tonight, Margo. I ought to do some more work.
I’m behind with everything. I’ve got so much to do.
Margo:
You shouldn’t worry so much, Tom. Don’t panic. You ought to
relax sometimes. You could take a break.
Tom:
I know I shouldn’t panic, but I do. I can’t help it.
Margo:
Anyway, you’re doing OK, aren’t you? Your results have been
good.
You should be pleased. You oughtn’t to invent problems for
yourself.
5. Convert the conversations into Reported Speech.
1) Melanie:
David’s broken his leg. He had to go to hospital.
Harriet:
Oh, no! How long will he have to stay there?
Melanie:
I don’t know.
2) Claire:
Henry:
Claire:
I parked my car outside the hairdresser’s, and while I was in
there, the police took the car away. I’ve got it back now. But I
had to pay a lot of money.
How much did you have to pay?
Two hundred pounds!
3) Claire:
Guide:
My sister and I are going a different way.
Oh, you mustn’t go off on your own. It isn’t safe. We must
keep together in a group.
4) David:
Laura:
I’ll put these cups in the dishwasher.
No, you shouldn’t put them in there. It might damage them. In
fact, we needn’t wash them at all. We didn’t use them.
5) Tom:
Sarah:
I can’t sleep sometimes. My neighbours play music all night.
That’s a nuisance. They shouldn’t play music all night.
6) Matthew:
I’m sure the computer didn’t make a mistake. That’s
impossible.
No, of course, the computer couldn’t have made a mistake.
Emma:
6. Translate from Russian into English.
1) Он сказал, что может перевести эту статью за два часа.
2) Она сказала, что может переехать в новую квартиру уже на следующей
неделе.
3) Он сказал, что мне следовало бы навещать его в больнице почаще.
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
142
4) Администратор сказала, что мы должны освободить номер к семи
часам.
5) Она сказала, что нам лучше поторопиться.
6) Мальчик спросил отца, сколько времени он может проводить за
компьютером.
7) Она сказала, что мы должны будем отчитаться в конце этого года.
8) Он сказал, что мне следовало посоветоваться с ним, прежде чем
принимать какое-либо решение.
9) Он сообщил нам, что собрание должно закончиться с минуты на
минуту.
10) Она сказала, что я могу приходить к ним, когда захочу.
11) Полицейский сказал, что здесь нельзя парковать машину.
12) Она сказала, что сможет прийти только завтра.
REVIEW EXERCISES
1. Find a statement consistent with the adverbs given.
1) … he said patiently.
a) Don’t ask me such silly questions.
2) … he commented derisively. b) You should treat your elders with more
respect.
3) … he observed sarcastically. c) I will love you forever.
4) … he said agreeably.
d) Mind your own business.
5) … he said pompously.
e) No one cares how you feel.
6) … he whispered shyly.
f) I thought you said you were ill yesterday.
7) … he answered sharply.
g) That’s your problem. I don’t care.
8) … he said sympathetically.
h) You can go to the devil!
9) … he said fiercely.
i) You could try doing it the write way.
10) … he said brutally.
j) What should I tell her.
11) … he said angrily.
k) You think you are brilliant, don’t you.
12) … he said accusingly.
l) I understand how you feel.
13) … he said callously.
m) Let’s try again. It’s rather difficult.
14) … he said passionately.
n) I think it’s been a very good day.
15) … he said defiantly.
o) I’ve made very good progress.
16) … he said complacently.
p) No one is going to stop me!
2. Rewrite the following sentences in Reported Speech.
1) “What time does the next bus leave?” he said. “I need to get to the station
on time.”
2) “Don’t go swimming in the lake,” she said. “The water is filthy.”
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
143
3) “Let’s go shopping tomorrow,” she said. “The sales have started.”
4) “Stand up,” the teacher said to the pupils. “The headmaster is coming.”
5) “Please, don’t take my ring,” she said to him. “It is a present.”
6) “It’s very late, Martin,” his mother said. “Where have you been?”
7) “Shall I cook the dinner?” he said to her. “You look very tired.”
8) “Please stop making that noise!” she said to him. “I can’t concentrate.”
9) “Yes, I dropped your vase,” she said. “I was cleaning the shelf.”
10) “Can I use the car, please?” she said. “I need to run some errands.”
11) “I’m sorry I’m late,” he said. “The car wouldn’t start.”
12) “Why are you teasing your sister?” she asked him. “You know it makes her
unhappy.”
13) “Why won’t you come to the party?” he said to her. “Everyone would love
to see you.
14) “It was Rob who broke the window,” he said to her. “He was kicking the
football.”
15) “Please, give me the latest reports, Jane,” said the boss. “I need them
badly.”
16) “Go on apply for a job, Anthony,” Karen said. “It’s really good.”
17) “I’ve lost my passport,” he said. “What should I do?”
18) “Don’t forget to buy some milk,” mother said. “We’ve run out of it.”
19) “You mustn’t stay out late ,”she said to me.
20) “No one ever comes to see me,” the old man said. “That makes me feel
lonely.”
3. Use an appropriate introductory verb to report the following.
1) “It wasn’t me who stole the car,” said Frank.
2) “May I have a piece of pie, please?” she said.
3) “Yes, OK. I’ll tell him about the accident,” he said.
4) “I must have the report by tomorrow,” the boss said.
5) “Please, please let me go to the party,” Jim asked his mother.
6) “I’ll never be naughty again,” Ted told his father.
7) “Stand up straight!” said the sergeant to the soldier.
8) “Yes, it was me who robbed the bank,” he said.
9) “I didn’t come to work because I was ill,” she said to her boss.
10) “Let’s play chess,” he said.
11) “I’m sorry I forgot to phone you,” he said to her.
12) “Don’t forget to go to the bank,” she said to him.
13) “You should relax more,” she said to her.
14) “Mark is always shouting at me,” she said.
15) “Yes, it is a nice dress,” he said.
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
144
16) “Shall I carry your bag, Tracy?” he said.
17) “No, I certainly won’t do your homework, Graham,” said Bill.
18) “You scratched my record,” she said to her friend.
19) “Leave now or I’ll phone the police,” she said to the salesman.
20) “Oh, alright, I’ll lend you my car, Tom,” she said.
21) “It’s true, I killed my wife,” he said.
22) “I’ll phone you as soon as I arrive,” she said to me.
23) “You’re right, she is beautiful,” she said.
24) “No, I won’t marry you, John,” she said.
25) “If you try to escape, I’ll shoot you,” he said to the prisoner.
26) “Why don’t we have chicken for dinner,” he said.
27) “You must sign the contract, Mr Harrison,” she said.
28) “I’ll punish you if you do it again,” he said to the boy.
29) “Would you like me to show you how to use this computer?” she said to
me.
30) “Yes, it’s a good idea,” he said.
4. Supply the correct forms of the verbs.
One morning a farmer met a boy and asked him if the latter wanted a job.
The boy (1) (answer) that he (2) (do). The farmer (3) (want) (4) (know) if the
boy (5) (can) (6) (give) him a good character. The boy said that he (7) (can) and
(8) (add) that it (9) (be) from Mr Tolan, the shopkeeper, his previous master.
The farmer agreed. The farmer told the boy (10) (go) and (11) (ask) Mr
Tolan (12) (come) there and (13) (speak) to him. He said that he (14) (wait)
there for some time. Twenty minutes passed and then forty minutes passed, but
Mr Tolan didn’t come.
Later in the afternoon the farmer saw the boy again and he said that Mr
Tolan (15) (not come) with the boy’s character. The boy (16) (not be) surprised
to hear it. He said he (17) (not ask) Mr Tolan to come there.
The farmer asked why the boy (18) (not do) it. The boy (19) (answer) that
he (20) (tell) his old master who (21) (want) the character. The farmer didn’t
understand. Then the boy (22) (explain) that his old master (23) (tell) him the
character of the farmer.
5. Cross out the unnecessary word.
1) Our friends told us that we had better to put the job off till the next day.
2) Dave asked Tony where he was being going for his holidays.
3) They asked me if I would like to sell my old car and I said I would so.
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
145
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
John suggested that they should to drive to the coast.
Julie told to her husband that the doctor had arrived.
The man wanted to know if where the nearest fast food restaurant was.
Polly promised that to participate in the concert at the end of term.
The teacher told us do not to make any noise.
Simon asked me that if I knew the woman whose house had been burgled
the week before.
10) He insisted on that we should tell the truth about the incident.
6. Read the news report and write the missing words. Use one word only in
each space. Sometimes there is more than one possible answer.
Police have warned people to watch out for two men who have tricked
there way into an old woman’s home and stolen money. The men called on Mrs
Iris Raine and said (1) were from the water company and wanted to check (2)
her water was OK. They asked if (3) would mind letting them into her house.
The woman didn’t ask (4) see their identity cards. She said she (5) know about
any problem with the water. The men explained that they (6) just discovered the
problem but that it was very simple and (7) take long to check. The woman
asked (8) the service was free, and they said yes. They (9) to know where the
water tank was. While one man ran water in the kitchen, the other went upstairs
and took several hundred pounds from a drawer in a bedroom. The men then
left saying that they would return the (10) day to have another look.
(Oxford Practice Grammar, p.329)
7. Here is the report of what the judge said to an accused. Convert his words
into Direct Speech.
He asked him why he had done it. Then he told him he was obviously
guilty. He told him to look at him when he was speaking to him. He asked him
if he was sorry for what he had done. He told him that the bank manager was
still in hospital. He said he would go to prison for a long time for that crime. He
asked him if he had anything to say in his defence. Then he told the policeman
to take him away.
8. Put in the missing words.
It’s a sad fact that people steal from hotels. Recently I interviewed Mr David
Wills, the manager of a large hotel, and he (1) me that all kinds of things, large
and small, (2) constantly stolen. Mr Wills told (3) that a check (4) made on a
person’s room as soon as they (5) (leave) it, but unless someone had walked off
with a wardrobe, he (6) (advise) the staff (7) (not/make) a fuss. “What is even
more surprising,” Mr Wills (8) “is the things people leave behind – anything
from wooden legs to false teeth!” He then (9) on to tell me a story about a
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
146
snobbish lady who (10) (recently check out). She (11) (object) that her bill (12)
(be) too high, but paid it nevertheless. Just as she (13) (leave), the phone rang
and the cashier answered it. He then (14) the lady that a hotel bathrobe was
missing from her room. The lady expressed great surprise and (15) that the
hotel maid must have packed it in by mistake. “But the maid has just reported
the bathrobe missing,” the cashier (16). Hanging over the bathrobe, the lady left
in disgust. “Who wants a second-hand bathrobe, anyway?” she said, as she
made her way to a taxi complaining that hotel service (17) (be) not what it used
to be.
(Longman English Grammar Practice, p.225)
9. Put in the correct forms.
It had been a particularly bad winter in Chicago. Nearly forty inches of snow
had fallen in a fortnight. Railway workers at Chicago station didn’t know (1)
(what/do) with it. The foreman (2) (advise them/shovel) it into huge mountains
to keep the platforms clear. He (3) (tell/not leave) any snow on the platforms
because it was dangerous for passengers. But it was an impossible task!
Suddenly, one of the workers had a bright idea. “I know (4) (how/get rid) of it,”
he said. “Let’s load it onto this freight train. We can send it south to Mississippi
and New Orleans. It’ll just melt away.” The next day five tons of snow arrived
in Memphis, Tennessee. “It’s a welcome gift,” a railway worker said. “We
know (5) (what/do) with it here. We’ll send what we can to the children’s
playground. Some of us have never seen snow before!”
(Longman English Grammar Practice, p.223)
10. Match the first part (1-10) with an appropriate reporting verb (a-j).
1) “If you do it again, I’ll leave,”
a) she whispered.
2) “I’m now going to read out the results,”
b) he answered.
3) “Could you bring me the wine list?”
c) she shouted.
4) “Of course, I’ll bring it right away,”
d) she threatened.
5) “Our team will easily beat yours,”
e) she announced.
6) “Please give me another chance,”
f) she claimed.
7) “Shhh! The baby is sleeping,”
g) he asked.
8) “I’m innocent of all the charges,”
h) she begged.
9) “First of all, you press the button,”
i) he boasted.
10) “Careful! The water’s deep!”
j) he explained.
11. Finish these sentences using the information above. Use Reported
Speech.
1) She threatened …… .
2) She announced that she …… .
3) He asked the waiter …… .
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
147
4) The waiter answered …… .
5) He boasted that …… .
6) She begged them …… .
7) She whispered that …… .
8) She claimed …… .
9) He explained that …… .
10) She shouted to us …… .
12. Complete the following letter using the correct form of a verb from the
list. The first (0) is given as an example.
go, buy, make, snow, give, miss, send, plan, love, think,
enjoy, have, cost
Dear Rose,
Thanks for your letter. I’ve got lot’s of news for you this time. We went to see
“Titanic”. Everyone had said it was (0) great and that nobody should … (1) it.
There has been a lot of publicity on TV about it recently which told us how
much it …(2) to make and all that, and Liz and Tony saw it and said they …(3)
it. Frankly speaking, I was a bit disappointed. Anyway, I suggest you … (4) and
see it and … (5) up your own mind.
Ah, yes, I got a call from your uncle in Canada who said he … (6) you a parcel
– have you got it yet? He said it … (7) there, and everything was white but he
added they always … (8) a heavy winter. He also told me they … (9) a new
jeep and they … (10) to travel round the States in it in the summer. He said he
… (11) us a ride in it if we popped over for a holiday. I replied that we … (12)
to go over if he agreed to pay all our expenses! He laughed and said he … (13)
about it and let us know!
13. Complete each sentence in Reported Speech.
Model:
Let me help you.
My friend offered to help me.
1) “Why don’t we go for a walk?”
She suggested …… .
2) “I wasn’t anywhere near the scene of the crime.”
The accused claimed …… .
3) “We lived in Chicago two years ago. My father worked there.”
My friend said …… .
4) “The swallows return every spring and fly past my window.”
She explained …… .
5) “Can you answer the phone? I’m having a shower!”
He asked his son …… .
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
148
6) “I gave you my homework last week.”
The boy insisted …… .
7) “Could you come and pick me up from school today, dad?”
Billy asked …… .
8) “If I were you I wouldn’t drink so much.”
He advised his friend …… .
9) “I won’t help you because you didn’t help me.”
a) Joan said …… .
b) Joan refused …… .
10) “I’ll bring it back tomorrow.”
a) He said …… .
b) He promised ……
14. Choose the correct answer to fill the spaces in the sentences given.
1) The judge asked the witness ……….. give her more information.
A) him that
B) if he could
C) that he could
D) him whether to
2) They asked if ……………always wanted to be a doctor.
A) did she
B) has she
C) did
D) she had
3) Did he say whether ……………. lend you the money or not?
A) could he
B) can he
C) he could
D) he
4) She couldn’t tell us what ……….. the money on.
A) she did
B) did she spend
C) she had spent
D) had she spent
spend
5) I showed them how ……….. the computer.
A) to use
B) is used
C) they use
D) must they use
6) She said she …………….. to phone you all night the day before.
A) was trying B) had been trying C) tried
D) will try
7) They warned the children…………… near the river.
A) do not go B) not to go
C) didn’t go
D) go
8) I was persuaded ……………. on the trip at the last minute.
A) that I go
B) going
C) me to go
D) to go
9) She convinced the court……………… innocent.
A) to be
B) that she was
C) she was being D) that was
10) The suspect …………….. that he had been to the bank that day.
A) told
B) refused
C) rejected
D) denied
11) A man asked if anyone…………..an ambulance.
A) had called B) had been called C) called
D) has called
12) He told me ………….. to him.
A) do not lie
B) not lie
C) not to lie
D) had lied
13) She said that the Earth ………. round.
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
A) is
B) was
149
C) had been
D) were
14) He said that he……………the car the following day.
A) will clean B) would clean
C) cleaned
D) had cleaned
15) He suggested……………….. a party.
A) to have
B) having
C) had
D) to
16) Someone……………. the tickets are free.
A) said me
B) said me that
C) told me
D) told to me
17) Last week Justin said ‘I’ll do it tomorrow’. He said he would do it …… .
A) the following B) tomorrow
C) the previous
D) yesterday
day
day
18) I don’t know why Nancy didn’t go to the meeting. She said she ……
definitely going.
A) be
B) is
C) was
D) would
19) The librarian asked us……………….. so much noise.
A) don’t make B) not make
C) not making
D) not to make
15 Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word in bold.
1) “I have a headache,” he said to her.
complained He complained of having a headache.
2) “I promise I’ll send you a letter,” Mike said to Julie.
promised Mike …… Julie a letter.
3) “I won’t talk to you if you don’t apologise,” she said to him.
threatened She …… to him if he didn’t apologise.
4) “Would you like to dine with us on Sunday?” they said to us.
invited
They …… to dine on Sunday.
5) “What an unusual design!” said Kate.
exclaimed Kate …… an unusual design.
6) “I’m sorry I ‘m late,” he said to her.
for
He …… late.
7) “You must stay for lunch,” she said to me.
on
She …… for lunch.
8) “No, I won’t give you another chance,” Denis said to Sue.
refused Denis …… another chance.
9) “Let’s look round the museum,” Mum said.
looking Mum …… round the museum.
10) “I didn’t take your purse,” she said.
denied
She …… my purse.
11) “Don’t forget to switch on the machine,” Dad said to me.
reminded Dad …… on the machine.
12) “I read your diary,” she said.
admitted She…… his diary.
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
150
13) “You drank the last can of lemonade,” Jane said to Phil.
of Jane …… the last can of lemonade.
14) “Why don’t we buy a bouquet of flowers for Ann?” Alan said.
should
Alan …… buy a bouquet of flowers for Ann.
15) “O.K. I’ll stay in the office for a couple of hours,” he said.
agreed
He …… in the office for a couple of hours.
16) “Drop your gun!” the policeman told the man.
ordered The policeman …… his gun.
17) “Why are you making such a fuss?” Mum asked me.
was
Mum wanted to know …… such a fuss.
18) “I’ll give you a lift to the college,” John said to me.
to
John …… a lift to the college.
19) “I saw who broke into the house,” the woman said.
claimed The woman ……who broke into the flat.
20) “I don’t suppose you can lend me some money, can you?” Caroline said to me.
whether
Caroline wanted to know …… her some money.
16. Write the sentences in Reported Speech replacing the word said by one of
the following words: suggested, agreed, muttered, exclaimed,
insisted, whispered, boasted, admitted, advised, claimed, warned,
threatened. Use each word once only.
1) “I can speak four languages fluently,” he said.
2) “Let’s go to the exhibition of modern art today,” he said.
3) “I don’t think you should take up wind-surfing at your age,” she said to him.
4) “That computer you are using is my property,” the man said.
5) “Yes, I broke the windows with the ball,” the boy said.
6) “If I catch you cheating again, I shall make you stay in after school,” the
man said to the boy.
7) “I shall always love you,” said a young man.
8) “The police have already thrown a cordon round the bank and all the means
of escape had been cut off,” he said to the thieves.
9) “The professor doesn’t know what he is talking about,” said the student.
10) “Well, it’s a great surprise to meet you here today!” she said.
11) “Well, yes, if everything goes on like this, we can’t go,” he said.
12) “If you can’t stay with us any longer today, you simply must come
tomorrow,” she said.
17. Complete the sentences with say or tell (in the correct form). Use only
one word each time.
1) Ann …… goodbye to me and left.
2) …… us about your holiday. Did you have a nice time?
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
151
3) Don’t just stand there! …… something!
4) I wonder where Sue is. She …… she would be here at 8 o’clock.
5) Jack …… me that he was fed up with his job.
6) The doctor …… that I should rest for at least a week.
7) She always ...… me her troubles.
8) Did she …… you what happened? – No, she didn’t …… anything to me.
9) George couldn’t help me. He …… me to ask Kate.
10) I did it. I cannot ..… a lie.
18. Translate from Russian into English.
A)
1) Он сказал, что будет очень скучать по ней.
2) Она сказала, что скоро собирается в Париж.
3) Мне сказали, что Анна уже купила билеты.
4) Она сказала мне, что никогда не была в Америке.
5) Она спросила меня, не хочу ли я поесть в кафе.
6) Они поинтересовались, почему она опоздала.
7) Она хотела узнать, как долго я буду в отпуске.
8) Она попросила Тома оказать ей услугу.
9) Жена напомнила мне, чтобы я отправил письмо на следующей неделе.
10) Бетти убедила Джейн купить красное платье.
11) Джереми спросил отца, сколько тот зарабатывает.
12) Секретарь сказала мистеру Брауну, чтобы он перезвонил позднее.
13) Работник парка сказал детям, чтобы они не ходили по траве.
14) Билл признался, что украл деньги, но отрицал, что ударил старушку.
15) Профессор похвастался, что может в совершенстве говорить на 11
языках.
16) Джейн отказалась помогать мне по дому.
17) Кет предложила довезти Меган до вокзала.
18) Они спросили меня, когда начинается мой рабочий день.
19) Он поинтересовался, какие вопросы я люблю обсуждать с друзьями.
20) Он признался, что рассказал ему наш секрет.
21) Она пожаловалась, что он все время лжет.
22) Он пообещал, что поможет нам.
23) Он напомнил мне, чтобы я перезвонил домой.
24) Ребята с радостью согласились помочь нам с проектом.
25) Она обвинила меня в том, что я украл деньги.
26) Она умоляла нас не прекращать поиски преступника.
27) Она меня спросила, хожу ли я на прогулку каждый вечер.
28) Анна сказала, что она живет в Неаполе.
Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech
152
29) Она напомнила мне, что вечером будет конференция.
30) Он сказал, что его книгу можно купить в любом магазине.
31) Мэри сказала, что вчера вечером к ней приходил Том.
32) Джек меня спросил, не хочу ли я выпить чашечку кофе.
33) Она спросила меня, почему я такая грустная.
34) Она сказала, что они очень редко ходят в театр.
35) Я спросила брата, как долго он собирается пробыть за границей.
36) Он сказал, что потерял часы.
37) Он предложил нам пойти в какой-нибудь другой клуб.
38) Она настояла на том, чтобы мы остались у нее еще на несколько дней.
39) Он отрицал то, что Майкл был с ними в тот вечер.
40) Она предложила отложить встречу до завтра.
41) Она извинилась за то, что опоздала.
42) Он пригласил меня на романтический ужин на пляже.
B)
1) С гордостью он отметил, что их торговая марка известна каждому
потребителю в стране.
2) Директор сообщил нам, что завод оснащен новейшей техникой.
3) Он нас уверил, что доставка товара будет произведена вовремя.
4) Владелец магазина сказал, что они прекратили продавать товар в
кредит несколько месяцев назад.
5) Она сказала, что на распродаже можно купить одежду высокого
качества по низкой цене.
6) Он сказал мне, что уволился с работы два месяца назад.
7) Она напомнила мне, что перед собеседованием необходимо заполнить
анкету.
8) Он отметил, что на юге Италии наблюдается высокий уровень
безработицы.
9) Министр сказал, что уровень инфляции в стране все еще остается
высоким.
10) Он сказал, что новая европейская валюта была одобрена всеми
странами, входящими в Европейский союз.
11) Она сказала, что если бы не финансовая помощь, они бы не смогли
присоединиться к этому проекту.
12) Директор магазина с сожалением отметил, что многие покупатели не
довольны качеством обслуживания.
13) Он сообщил своим друзьям, что прекрасно прошел собеседование и
будет теперь работать в большой компании.
14) Банковский служащий сказал ей, где она сможет поменять деньги.
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15) Служащий напомнил нам, что компания оплатила все счета.
16) Она хотела узнать, как правильно заполнить бланк заявления
17) Он спросил меня, когда заканчивается срок аренды.
18) Он поинтересовался, может ли покупатель вернуть бракованный товар
и получить денежную компенсацию от производителя.
19) Она спросила, трудно ли ему было организовать свой бизнес.
20) Он спросил меня, где находится наш новый офис.
21) Он спросил, какие виды кредита предоставляет банк.
22) Менеджер по кадрам спросил меня, согласен ли я работать в ночную
смену.
23) Он спросил, каков оборот этих товаров.
24) Она спросила, какой вид рекламы является наиболее эффективным.
25) Он поинтересовался, какие вопросы обсуждались на совете
директоров.
26) Он спросил, сколько сотрудников работает на нашем предприятии.
27) Он спросил меня, получаю ли я пособие по безработице.
28) Она сказала, что будет лучше, если я уволюсь с этой работы.
29) Он предложил мне положить деньги на счет в банк.
30) Он попросил меня прийти на собеседование в следующую пятницу.
31) Она порекомендовала мне покупать одежду во время сезонной
распродажи.
32) Он посоветовал мне дать рекламу по телевидению.
33) Он предложил мне взять краткосрочный кредит.
34) Он посоветовал мне застраховать имущество.
35) Он порекомендовал мне исследовать рынок, прежде чем
инвестировать капитал.
36) Он сказал, что для успешного бизнеса очень важно нанять
компетентных работников.
37) Он умолял меня дать ему взаймы немного денег.
38) Директор предложил проводить собрания каждую неделю.
39) Он посоветовал продавать товар оптом по более низкой цене.
40) Она сказала, что нам не следует заключать договор с этой компанией.
41) Он сказал, что если бы мы застраховали предприятие от данного
риска, то мы бы не понесли такие потери.
C)
1) Он сказал, что президент Соединенных Штатов избирается в ходе
всеобщих выборов на четыре года и может быть переизбран на второй
срок.
2) Преступник сознался в преднамеренном убийстве.
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3) Он сказал, что этого человека арестовали, потому что он несколько раз
пытался ограбить банк.
4) Судья объявила, что подсудимый приговаривается к высшей мере
уголовного наказания.
5) Он сказал, что преступник был пойман на месте преступления.
6) Он сказал, что это понятно каждому политику.
7) Он сказал, что особенно страдают от сегодняшней безработицы
молодые люди.
8) Он сказал, что проведение переговоров по этому кругу вопросов не
только желательно, но и необходимо.
9) Он сказал, что преступник совершил преступление в состоянии
аффекта.
10) Он сказал, что сам будет вести данное судебное дело.
11) Следователь спросил, где я была вчера вечером.
12) Он хотел узнать, были ли обнаружены отпечатки пальцев на месте
преступления.
13) Она спросила, какой размер штрафа он должен выплатить.
14) Судья спросила, хочет ли обвиняемый сказать что-либо в свою защиту.
15) Он спросил свидетелей, запомнили ли они номер машины.
16) Он поинтересовался, сколько преступлений было раскрыто за
прошедший год.
17) Он спросил меня, за кого я собираюсь голосовать на выборах.
18) Она хотела узнать, как я отношусь к смертной казни.
19) Он спросил, не могу ли я порекомендовать ему хорошего адвоката.
20) Я спросил, кто ведет данное дело.
21) Она спросила, кому принадлежит законодательная власть в
Великобритании.
22) Обвиняемый спросил, какой срок он может получить за данное
преступление.
23) Судья попросила свидетеля говорить только правду.
24) Он умолял ее не звонить в полицию.
25) Он посоветовал мне нанять хорошего адвоката.
26) Полицейский приказал всем оставаться на своих местах.
27) Он порекомендовал мне нанять частного детектива.
28) Он посоветовал мне обратиться в суд.
29) Он попросил меня выступить в качестве свидетеля по данному делу.
30) Следователь попросил ничего не трогать на месте преступления.
31) Заключенный умолял надсмотрщика перевести его в другую камеру.
32) Адвокат порекомендовал подзащитному придерживаться данной
версии.
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33) Избиратели попросили депутата принять меры по улучшению их
жилищных условий.
34) Он рекомендовал мне голосовать именно за этого кандидата.
PROGRESS TEST
1. Convert the following into Reported Speech. Use an appropriate
introductory verb.
1) David said to Eric, “Get out of my house!”
2) The man next to me smiled and said, “I wonder if you’d mind watching my
dog for a minute?”
3) Jane’s daughter said, “Could I borrow your blue sweater?”
4) “You should ask for more information,” I told Joanne.
5) “Just breath in and out through your mouth now,” the doctor told Ann.
6) “I really think you’d better see a specialist,” the doctor said to Anne.
7) My mother rang up and said, “Could you possibly come a little bit earlier?”
8) “Can you lend me five pounds till Monday?” Gerry asked Claire.
9) “Don’t tell anyone else,” the big man said to his friend.
10) “You should ask for a second opinion,” the lawyer told Tom.
11) “Do have a drink,” Fiona told us.
12) “My boss wants me to go to London tomorrow,” said Sam.
13) The man asked him, “ What will happen if the police find out?”
14) Peter told me two days ago, “I’m going to Austria in May.”
15) “Do you know that no woman has ever been elected President of the United
States?” he asked curiously.
16) “Most of the businesses in our town are owned by local people now,” he
says.
17) A boy asked his father in a zoo, “Does the giraffe get a sore throat if it gets
wet feet?”
18) “I have finished my work,” she said.
19) “Why are you looking at me like that?” she asked him angrily.
20) “Don’t ever play with the matches,” his mother says.
21) “I’ve forgotten to bring my lunch with me,” he said with regret.
22) “Will you be home soon?” she asked her husband.
23) “Go to bed immediately! ” father said to the children.
24) “I’ll clean the car tomorrow,” Tim said to his father.
25) “Where have you been?” Gary asked his wife.
26) “I’ve been working for the same company since 1960,” he said to me.
27) “Do you know Garfield?” she asked me.
28) “Could you tell me the exchange rate for dollars and pounds?” she asked.
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29) “O.K., I’ll talk to her,” she said.
30) “Jack never seems low or depressed,” said Jane.
31) “No, I didn’t use your computer,” he said.
32) “I don’t want to do it,” he said.
33) “Let’s stroll along the sea-front for an hour or two,” he said.
34) “Please, give me some money,” she asked.
35) “Thank you for cleaning my car,” he said to the boy.
36) “I’ll carry your bag,” he said to her.
37) “Do not ignore traffic lights while crossing the street,” mother told us.
38) “Make sure you are back before eleven,” she said to her son.
39) “I’ve just been in a race, and I’m very thirsty,” he said.
40) “I want an ice-cream, but I have no money,” he said to his friend.
41) “I’m very hungry, I haven’t eaten all day,” she said.
42) “Aren’t you going to measure my feet,” he asked me.
43) “You can try those shoes on while I serve someone else, can’t you?” she
said.
44) “Wow!” he said as he unwrapped his present.
45) “So, what are you going to do next?” he inquired.
46) “If I hadn’t parked my car on a double yellow line, I wouldn’t have got a
ticket,” she said.
47) “Do you expect that the missing people have survived?” he asked me.
48) “Andrew had better not drive in his condition,” he said.
49) “You can wear anything you want as long as it’s clean and comfortable,”
Joan said to her children.
50) “You are always lying to me,” she said to him.
51) “Of course, I’ll meet you at the station,” he said.
52) “I’m the cleverest in our group,” he boasted.
53) “Don’t forget to call at your parents,” he said.
54) “I spent 20 minutes looking for a parking place,” she said.
55) “When can I hand in my resignation?” she said.
56) “I’ll telephone you this evening,” she said.
57) “What will you do if you can’t find your keys?” she asked.
58) “I’ll tell you as soon as I know,” he said.
59) “I want to change my job,” he said.
60) “When I’m with you I can’t stop laughing,” she said to him.
61) “Should I come to work early tomorrow?” she asked the boss.
62) “I’m not very interested in discussing your problems,” she said.
63) “Don’t take more than two pills at once,” the doctor told me.
64) “You look exhausted. You must take a holiday,” she said.
65) “I’d like to live alone,” she said to her parents.
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66) “What about me? Perhaps I took it,” Jim said.
67) “No, I certainly didn’t do it, I can assure you,” she said.
68) “Ask the bus-driver to tell you where to get off,” he said.
69) “We are going to get married,” Frank and Susan announced.
70) “Yes, that was me who told her the secret,” she said.
71) “I can’t give you an answer, until I hear from my bank,” he said to them.
72) “Don’t forget to put the lights out when you go to bed,” she said.
73) “Don’t try to get off the train when it is moving,” he said.
74) “You haven’t eaten for hours. You must be hungry,” she said.
75) “I’ve passed my exam!” he said.
76) “I’ll help you with that if you want,” he said.
77) “Jack had a terrible car accident last week,” she said.
78) “You have a very sweet tooth,” Beatrice said to her daughter.
79) “How long have you lived at your present address?” she asked.
80) “I’d rather stay at home,” he said.
81) “You behaved in a cowardly manner,” she said.
82) “I don’t remember I’ve promised to lend you any money,” she said.
83) “I shall gladly go to the cinema with you because I haven’t seen the film
and I want to see it very much,” Helen said.
84) “Wait for me here!” the officer said to the soldiers.
85) “How do you travel to work?” he asked me.
86) “They mustn’t give up,” she remarked.
87) “I ought to have helped her,” he said.
88) “I’ll punish you if you behave badly,” Dad told the boy.
89) “It was very late when I came home last night,” he said to her.
90) “Have you ever seen an iceberg?” she asked him.
91) “Don’t run until two hours after eating,” she said.
92) “Don’t get out of a car before it stops,” he said.
93) “They are always talking about politics,” she said to me.
94) “Go and put the kettle on,” she said.
95) “I’m going to hitchhike to Scotland,” he said.
96) “Did you have to walk all the way home?” he asked her.
97) “Did you skate last winter?” she wondered.
98) “Our house was burgled last night,” she told them.
99) “Katy has just bought herself a red leather jacket,” she said.
100) “Let me tell you how to get to our place,” she said.
Total 100/_______