References 194 References Abercrombie, D. 1965. Studies in Phonetics and Linguistics, London: OUP Ainsworth, H. 1994. “The emergence of the high rising terminal contour in the speech of New Zealand children”, Te Reo, 37, 3-20 Anderson, S. 1978. “Tone features”, in Fromkin, V. (ed.) Tone: a linguistic survey, New York: Academic Press Ashby, M. 1978. “A study of two English nuclear tones”, Language and Speech, 21, 4, 326-336 Asu, E. 2002. “Downtrends in different types of question in Estonian”, in Bel, B. and I. Marlien, 143-146 Beckman, M. and J. Pierrehumbert 1986. “Intonational structure in English and Japanese”, Phonology Year Book III, 15-70 Bel, B. and I. Marlien 2002. (eds.) Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Speech Prosody, Aix-en-Provence, France, 11-13th April 2002 Boecker, K., M. Bastiaansen, J. Vroomen, C. Brunia and B. Degelder 1999. “An ERP correlate of metrical stress in spoken word recognition”, Psychophysiology, 36, 6, 706720 Bolinger. D. 1951. “Intonation: levels versus configurations”, Word, 7, 3, 1, 199-210 Britain, D and J. Newman 1992. “High rising terminals in New Zealand English”, Journal of the International Phonetics Association, 22, 1-11 Bruce, G. 1977. Swedish word accents in sentence perspective, Lund: Gleerup Bruce, G. 1986. “How floating is focal accent?”, Proceedings of Nordic Prosody IV, Denmark, 41-49 Bruce, G. 1990. “Alignment and composition of tonal accents: comments on Silverman and Pierrehumbert’s Paper”, in Kingston, J. and M. Beckman 107-114 Chen, M. 2000. Tone sandhi: patterns across Chinese dialects, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Chomsky, N. and M. Halle 1968. The Sound Pattern of English, New York: Harper and Row References 195 Clark, H. and W. Chase 1972. “On the process of comparing sentences against pictures”, Cognitive Psychology, 3, 472-517 Collier, R. 1975. “Physiological correlates of intonation patterns”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 58, 249-255 Cooper, N., A. Cutler and R. Wales 2002. “Constraints of lexical stress on lexical access in English: Evidence from native and non-native listeners”, Language and Speech, 45 (3), 207-228 Couper-Kuhlen, E. 1993. English Speech Rhythm, Amsterdam: John Benjamin Craig, C. and B. Kim 1990. “Effects of time-gating and word length on isolated wordrecognition performance”, Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 33, 808-815 Cruttenden, A. 1997. Intonation, Cambridge: CUP Crystal, D. and R. Quirk 1964. Systems of prosodic and paralinguistic features in English, The Hague: Mouton Cutler, A. 1986. “Forbear is a homophone: Lexical prosody does not constrain lexical access”, Language and Speech, 29, 201-220 Cutler, A. and D. Norris 1988. “The role of strong syllables in segmentation for lexical access”, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 14, 113-121 Cutler, A., D. Dahan and W. van Donselaar 1997. “Prosody and the Comprehension of Spoken Language: A literature review”, Language and Speech, 40 (2), 141-201 Cutler, A. and S. Butterfield 1992. “Rhythmic cue to speech segmentation: Evidence from juncture misperception”, Journal of Memory and Language, 31, 218-236 Cutler, A. and W. van Donselaar 2001. “Voornam is not (really) a homophone: Lexical prosody and lexical access in Dutch”, Language and Speech, 2001, 44 (2), 171-195 D’Imperio, M. 2001. “Focus and tonal structure in Neapolitan Italian”, Speech Communication, 33, 339-356 D’Imperio, M. 2002a. “Language Specific and Universal Constraints on Tonal Alignment: The nature of Targets and “Anchors”, in Bel, B and I. Marlien 101-106 D’Imperio, M. 2002b. “Italian intonation: An overview and some questions”, Probus, 14, 1, 37-69 References 196 D’Imperio, M., J. Terken and M. Piterman 2000. “Perceived tone “targets” and pitch accent identification in Italian”, 8th International Conference on Speech Science and Technology – SST2000, Canberra, Australia D’Imperio, M. and D. House 1997. “Perception of questions and statements in Neapolitan Italian”, Proceedings of Eurospeech ’97, 1, 251-254, Rhodes Doughty, J. and W. Garner 1947. “Pitch characteristics of short tones I: Two kinds of pitch threshold”, Journal of Experimental Psychology 36, 417-430 Doughty, J. and W. Garner 1948. “Pitch characteristics of short tones II: Pitch as a function of tonal duration”, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38, 478-494 Duffy, S. and D. Pisoni 1992. “Comprehension of synthetic speech produced by rule: A review and theoretical interpretation”, Language and Speech, 35, 4, 351-389 Estebas-Vilaplana, E. 2000. The use and realization of accentual focus in Central Catalan with a comparison to English Unpublished PhD thesis, University College London Friedrich, C, S. Kotz and K. Alter 2000. “No evidence for ERP components related to lexical stress in German preceding the N400”, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, supplement, 26 Friedrich, C., K. Alter and S. Kotz 2001. “An electrophysiological response to different pitch contours in words”, Neuroreport, 12,15, 3189-3191 Friedrich, C., S. Kotz, A. Friederici and K. Alter 2002. “Pitch contour guides spoken word recognition”, in Bel, B. and I. Marlien, 311-314 Gockel, H., B. Moore and R. Carlyon 2001. “Influence of rate of change of frequency on the overall pitch of frequency-modulated tones”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 109, 2, 701-712 Goldsmith, J. 1976. “An overview of autosegmental phonology", Linguistic Inquiry, 2, 1, 23-68 Grabe, E. 1998. “Pitch accent realization in English and German”, Journal of Phonetics, 26, 129-143 Grice, M. 1995.The intonation of Palermo Italian: implications for intonation theory, Tübingen: Niemeyer References 197 Grice, M., M. D’Imperio, M. Savino and C. Avesani 2002. “Towards a strategy for labeling varieties in Italian”, In Jun, S.-A. (ed.), Prosodic typology and transcription: A unified approach, Oxford: OUP Grosjean, F. 1980. “Spoken word recognition and the gating paradigm”, Perception and Psychophysics, 28, 267-283 Gussenhoven, C. 1984. On the grammar and semantics of sentence accents, Dordrecht: Fodris. Gussenhoven, C. 2002. “Intonation and Interpretation: Phonetics and Phonology”, in Bel, B. and I. Marlien, 47-57 Gussenhoven, C. and A. Chen 2000. “Universal and language-specific effects in the perception of question intonation”, Proceedings of the International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, 6, 2, 91-94 Gussenhoven, C. and T. Rietveld 1998. “On the speaker-dependence of the perceived prominence of F0 peaks”, Journal of Phonetics, 26, 371-380 Halliday, M. 1967. Intonation and Grammar in British English, The Hague: Mouton ‘t Hart, J. 1981. “Differential sensitivity to pitch distance, particularly in speech”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 69, 3, 811-821 Hauser, M. and C. Fowler 1992. “Fundamental frequency declination is not unique to human speech: Evidence from nonhuman primates”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 91, 363-369 Hawkins, S., J. House, M. Huckvale, J. Local, and R. Ogden 1998. “ProSynth: An integrated prosodic approach to device-independent natural-sounding speech synthesis” Proceedings of the International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, Sydney, Australia, 1707-1710 Hawkins, S., S. Heid, J. House, and M. Huckvale 2000. “Assessment of naturalness in the ProSynth speech synthesis project”, IEE colloquium on Speech Synthesis, London House, J. 1989. “Syllable structure constraints on f0 timing”, poster presentation, Laboratory Phonology 2, Edinburgh House, J. and A. Wichmann 1996. “Investigating peak timing in naturally-occurring speech: from segmental constraints to discourse structure”, Speech, Hearing and Language: work in progress. Volume 9, 99-117, University College London References 198 House, J., J. Dankovičová and M. Huckvale 1999a. “Intonational Modelling in ProSynth”, Poster presented at XIVth International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA House, J., J. Dankovičová and M. Huckvale 1999b. “Intonational Modelling in ProSynth”, Proceedings XIVth International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, 3, 23432346 University of California, Berkeley, CA Jackobson, R., C. Fant and M. Halle 1952. Preliminaries to speech analysis: The distinctive features and their correlates, MIT Kingston, J. and M. Beckman (eds.)1990. Papers in Laboratory Phonology I: Between the grammar and physics of speech, Cambridge: CUP Klatt, D. 1973. “Discrimination of fundamental frequency contours in synthetic speech: implications for models of pitch perception”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 53, 1, 8-15 Knight, R. ms. “ProSynth Report - September 1999-April 2000” Unpublished manuscript, University College London Ladd, D. 1983. “Levels versus configurations, revisited”, in F. Agard, G. Kelley, A. Makkai and V. Makkai (eds.) Essays in honor of Charles F. Hockett, Leiden: E. J. Brill, 93-131 Ladd, D. 1984. “Declination: a review and some hypotheses,” Phonology Yearbook 1, 53-74 Ladd, D. 1996. Intonational phonology, Cambridge: CUP Ladd, D. and J. Terken 1995. “Modelling intra- and inter-speaker pitch range”, Proceedings of XIIIth International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Stockholm, 2, 386-9 Ladd, D; and R. Morton 1997. “The perception of intonational emphasis: continuous or categorical?”, Journal of Phonetics, 25, 313-342 Leben W. 1973. Suprasegmental Phonology, New York: Garland Lehiste, I. 1970. Suprasegmentals, Massachusetts: MIT Press Liberman, M. and J. Pierrehumbert 1984. “Intonational invariance under changes in pitch rate and length”, in Arnoff, A. and R. Oehrle (eds.) Language Sound Structure, Massachusetts: MIT, 157-233 Lieberman, P. 1967. Intonation, Perception, and Language, Massachusetts: MIT Press References 199 Lindfield, K., A. Wingfield, and H. Goodglass 1999. “The contribution of prosody to spoken word recognition”, Applied Psycholinguistics, 20, 395-405 Luce, P. 1986. “A computational analysis of uniqueness points in auditory word recognition”, Perception and Psychophysics, 39, 155-158 Lyberg, B. 1979. “Final lengthening – partly a consequence of restrictions on the speed of fundamental frequency change?”, Journal of Phonetics 7, 187-196 Marslen-Wilson, W. 1993. “Issues of process and representation in lexical access”, in Altmann, G. and R. Shillcock (eds.), Cognitive models of language processes: Second Sperlonga Meeting, Hove: Lawrence Erlbaum, 187-210 Marslen-Wilson, W. and A. Welsh 1978. “Processing interaction and lexical access during word recognition in continuous speech”, Cognitive Psychology, 10, 29-63 McClelland, J. and J. Elman 1986. “The TRACE model of speech perception”, Cognitive Psychology, 18, 1-86 McConnell-Ginet, S. 1978. “Intonation in a man’s world”, Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 3, 541-559 McQueen, J., D. Norris, and A. Cutler 1994. “Competition is spoken word recognition – spotting words in other words”, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 20, 621-638 Moore, B. 1997. An introduction to the psychology of hearing, San Diego: Academic Press (4th edition) Morton, E. 1977. “On the occurrence and significance of motivation-structural rules in some bird and mammal sounds”, American Naturalist, 111, 955-869 Nespor, N. and I. Vogel 1986. Prosodic Phonology. Dordrecht: Foris Publications Nolan, F. 2003. “Intonational equivalence: An experimental evaluation of pitch scales,” in Sole, M.J., Recasens, D. and Romero, J. (eds.), Proceedings of the XVth International Congress of Phonetics Sciences, Barcelona: Causal. 771-774 Norris, D. 1994. “Shortlist: A connectionist model of continuous speech recognition”, Cognition, 52, 189-234 O'Connor, J., and G. Arnold 1973. Intonation of colloquial English, London: Longman Odden, D. 1995. “Tone: African Languages” in J. Goldsmith (ed.) The handbook of phonological theory, Oxford: Blackwell, 444-475 References 200 Ogden, R., S. Hawkins, J. House, M. Huckvale, J. Local, P. Carter, J, Dankovičová and S. Heid 2000. “ProSynth: an integrated prosodic approach to device independent, naturalsounding speech synthesis”, Computer Speech and Language, 14, 177-210 Ohala, J. 1994. “The frequency code underlies the sound-symbolic use of voice pitch”, in Hinton, L., J. Nichols, and J. Ohala, Sound Symbolism, Cambridge: CUP Öhman, S., S. Zetterland, L. Nordstrand and O. Engstrand 1979. “Predicting segment durations in terms of a gesture theory of speech production”, Proceedings of ICPhS 2, Institute of Phonetics, University of Copenhagen, 305-311 Orlikoff, R. and J. Kahane 1996. “Structure and function of the larynx”, in Lass, N. Principles of Experimental Phonetics, London: Mosby Palmer, H. 1922. English Intonation, with syntactic exercises, Cambridge: Hefffer Pierrehumbert, J. 1979. “The perception of fundamental frequency declination”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 66, 2, 363-369 Pierrehumbert, J. 1980. The Phonology and Phonetics of English Intonation, Michigan: MIT Press Pierrehumbert, J. and M. Beckman 1988. Japanese Tone Structure, London: MIT Pike, K. 1945. The intonation of American English, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press Pike, K. 1948. Tone Languages, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press Prieto, P. 2002. “Coarticulation and stability effects in tonal clash contexts in Catalan” in Bel, B. and I. Marlien, 587-590 Prieto, P., J. van Santen and J. Hirschberg 1995. “Tonal alignment patterns in Spanish”, Journal of Phonetics, 23, 429-451 Quené, H. 1992. “Durational cues for word segmentation in Dutch”, Journal of Phonetics, 20, 331-350 Rietveld, T. and C. Gussenhoven 1995. “Aligning pitch targets in speech synthesis: effects of syllable structure”, Journal of Phonetics 23, 375-385 Rietveld, T. and C. Gussenhoven 1985. “On the relation between pitch excursion size and prominence”, Journal of Phonetics, 13, 299-308 References 201 Rosen, S. and A. Fourcin 1986. “Frequency selectivity and the perception of speech”, in Moore, B.(ed.) Frequency Selectivity in Hearing, London: Academic Press, 373-488 Ruhm, H., E. Mencke, B. Milburn, W. Cooper Jnr. and D. Rose 1966. “Differential sensitivity to duration of acoustic stimuli”, Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 9, 371-384 Sek, A. and B. Moore 1999. “Discrimination of frequency steps linked by glides of various durations”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 106, 1, 352-359 Selkirk, E. 1978. “On prosodic structure and its relation to syntactic structure” in Fretheim, T. (ed.) Nordic Prosody II, Trondheim: Tapir, 111-140 Silverman, K. and J. Pierrehumbert 1990. “The timing of prenuclear high accents in English”, in Kingston and Beckman, 72-106 Small, A. and R. Campbell 1962. “Temporal differential sensitivity for auditory stimuli,” American Journal of Psychology, 7, 401-410 Smith, R. 2003. “Influence of talker-specific phonetic detail on word segmentation”, Poster presented at the XVth International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Barcelona, 3rd - 9th August 2003 Steele, S.1986. “Nuclear accent F0 peak location: effects of rate, vowel, and number of following syllables”, Journal of the Acoustical Society, Supplement 1, 80; s51 Terken, J. 1999. “Fundamental frequency and perceived prominence of accented syllables”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 89, 4, 1768- 1776 Trudgill, P. 1983. Sociolinguistics: An introduction to language and society, Harmondsworth: Penguin Turk, A. and J. Sawusch 1997. “The domain of accentual lengthening in American English”, Journal of Phonetics, 25, 25-51 Turk, A. and L. White 1999. “Structural influences on accentual lengthening in English”. Journal of Phonetics, 27, 171-206 van Santen, J. 2002. “Quantitative modelling of pitch accent alignment”, in Bel, B. and I. Marliens, 107-112 van Santen, J. and J. Hirschberg 1994. “Segmental effects on timing and height of pitch contours”, Proceedings International Conference on Spoken Language Processing 94, Yokohama, 719-722 References 202 Warren, P and N. Daly 2000. “Sex as a factor in New Zealand English”, in Holmes, J. (ed.) Gendered speech in social context: Perspectives from town and gown, Wellington: Victoria University Press, 99-115 Wichmann, A., J. House and T. Rietveld 1999. “Discourse constraints on peak timing in English: Experimental Evidence”. Proceedings of. XIVth International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, San Francisco, 1765-1768 Winfield, A., H. Goodglass, and K. Lindfield 1997. “Word Recognition from acoustic onsets and acoustic offsets: Effects of cohort size and syllabic stress”, Applied Psycholinguistics, 18, 85-100 Xu, Y. 2002. “Articulatory constraints and tonal alignment” in Bel, B. and I. Marlien 9199 Zhiming, B. 2003. “Tone, accent and stress in Chinese”, Journal of Linguistics, 39, 1, 147-166