ACE Biology
Chapter 8
2011 – ‘12
Cellular Respiration
Name _______________________________________________________Date ____________
1.
Photosynthesis and glucose metabolism are related because __________.
the products of photosynthesis are the raw materials for glucose metabolism
the products of glucose metabolism are the raw materials for photosynthesis
the products of photosynthesis are the same as the products of glucose metabolism
the raw materials of photosynthesis are the same as the raw materials of glucose metabolism
Both the first and second answers are correct.
2.
Glycolysis is __________.
the synthesis of pyruvate in mitochondria
the breakdown of starch to form glucose
the breakdown of glucose to form two molecules of pyruvate
the synthesis of glucose from two molecules of pyruvate
the lysis of glucose in chloroplasts
3.
Which of the following statements concerning fermentation is (are) true?
The end product of fermentation in human cells is ethanol.
Fermentation produces additional ATP.
Fermentation, like glycolysis, occurs in the cytoplasm of cells.
Fermentation occurs in either aerobic or anaerobic conditions.
all of the above
none of the above
4.
The energy-harvesting reactions of glycolysis produce two molecules of __________, two molecules of
__________, and two molecules of __________.
pyruvate, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, water
glucose, carbon dioxide, water
ATP, NADH, pyruvate
ATP, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, pyruvate
5.
In aerobic organisms growing in the presence of oxygen, the NADH produced by glycolysis ultimately donates
its high-energy electrons to __________.
electron transport chains in the mitochondria
ATP
glucose
pyruvate
6.
Respiration is the process of gas exchange (breathing in oxygen and breathing out carbon dioxide); cellular
respiration is the process of __________.
cellular cooling
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ACE Biology
Chapter 8
2011 – ‘12
Cellular Respiration
production of ATP via the electron transport system
cellular gas exchange
cellular reproduction
7.
How is the oxygen that is breathed in during respiration used in cellular respiration?
Oxygen is converted into ATP.
Oxygen is converted into CO2 and breathed out.
Oxygen is used to produce glucose.
Oxygen is the final electron acceptor of the electron transport system.
8.
In eukaryotic cells, glycolysis occurs in the __________, and cellular respiration occurs in the __________.
chloroplasts, mitochondria
cytoplasm, mitochondria
cytoplasm, chloroplasts
mitochondria, cytoplasm
9.
In eukaryotic cells, the enzymes for the Krebs cycle are located in the __________, and those for the electron
transport system are located in the __________.
mitochondrial matrix, inner mitochondrial membrane
plasma membrane, cytoplasm
cytoplasm, cell wall
inner mitochondrial membrane, matrix
cytoplasm, mitochondrial matrix
10.
In eukaryotic cells, pyruvate produced by glycolysis is transported into the mitochondrial matrix, where
__________.
enzymes for the Krebs cycle convert the pyruvate into alcohol or lactate
the electron transport system breaks down the pyruvate, producing CO2 as a waste product
enzymes for the Krebs cycle break down the pyruvate, producing CO2 as a waste product
the electron transport system recombines pyruvate molecules to produce glucose
11.
As high-energy electrons are passed from carrier to carrier along the electron transport system in cellular
respiration, the electrons lose energy. Some of that energy is directly used to __________.
break down glucose
synthesize ATP
synthesize glucose
pump hydrogen ions across a membrane
12.
In eukaryotes, during the process of chemiosmosis, ATP is produced as hydrogen ions move from __________
to __________, passing through __________.
the cytoplasm, the matrix, the electron transport system
the intermembrane compartment, the matrix, ATP synthase
the matrix, the cytoplasm, the Krebs cycle
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ACE Biology
Chapter 8
2011 – ‘12
Cellular Respiration
the matrix, the intermembrane compartment, ATP synthase
13.
Why does death result from any situation that prevents a person from breathing?
Oxygen is needed for cellular respiration, so lack of oxygen prevents cells from making sufficient ATP for
essential cellular functions. Cells die as a result, eventually leading to death of the individual.
Oxygen is necessary for both fermentation reactions and cellular respiration. so lack of oxygen prevents
cells from making sufficient ATP.
14.
Glycolysis requires oxygen in order to produce ATP, so lack of oxygen prevents cells from making
sufficient ATP.
The overall equation for glucose metabolism is C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP and heat. The carbon
atoms in the CO2 molecules in this equation come from __________ during reactions of __________.
C6H12O6, glycolysis
O2, the Krebs cycle
O2, glycolysis
C6H12O6, the electron transport system
O2, the electron transport system
C6H12O6, the Krebs cycle
15.
At the beginning of most recipes for bread, you are instructed to dissolve the yeast in a mixture of sugar
(sucrose) and hot water, in some cases with a small amount of flour. Within a short time, this yeast mixture
begins to bubble and foam, perhaps to the point of overflowing the container. What is happening?
The bubbles are water vapor produced as the hot water evaporates.
The bubbles are carbon dioxide that yeast produce as they break down the glucose and produce ATP via
fermentation.
The bubbles are detergents that yeast produce to help them digest the proteins in the flour.
The bubbles are oxygen produced by yeast as they grow.
16.
Where is the majority of ATP produced?
in the mitochondria of a cell
on the rough endoplasmic reticulum
in the aqueous fluid surrounding all cells
in the cytoplasm of a cell
17.
Glycolysis can be broken down into what two parts?
fermentation and cellular respiration
extracellular and intracellular events
glucose activation and energy harvest
all of the above
18.
How do cells recycle NADH back to NAD+ during fermentation?
by converting pyruvate to lactic acid
by converting pyruvate to ethanol and carbon dioxide
by converting pyruvate to acetyl CoA
The first two answers are correct.
19.
The production of what molecule marks the end of glycolysis and the beginning of cellular respiration?
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ACE Biology
Chapter 8
2011 – ‘12
Cellular Respiration
acetyl CoA
citrate
pyruvate
Coenzyme A (CoA)
20.
What role is played by the electron transport chain during cellular respiration?
The electron transport system takes energy from the high-energy electrons brought by electron carriers
(e.g., NADH) and uses it to pump hydrogen ions against their concentration gradient from the matrix into
the intermembrane compartment.
The electron transport system allows hydrogen ions to diffuse down their concentration gradient from the
intermembrane compartment to the matrix.
The electron transport system produces ATP.
all of the above
21.
Why should anyone care about the importance of ATP production?
Even though the production of ATP occurs within individual cells, a multicellular organism requires the
energy produced to carry out vital functions essential for survival. Any organism would quickly die
without constant production of ATP.
The memorization of foreign-sounding biochemical terms was required by the instructor.
Understanding glycolysis and cellular respiration permits insights into how different organisms manage
their energy needs in different environments.
Both the first and third answers are correct.
22.
You are comparing two cultures of cells, one that is undergoing cellular respiration and one that is fermenting.
Both cultures are producing ATP at the same rate. If this is true, what else would you observe about the
fermenting culture?
It would require more glucose per minute than the respiring culture.
It would have a higher rate of glycolysis than the respiring culture.
It would produce pyruvate at a faster rate than the respiring culture.
It would require more oxygen than the respiring culture.
The first three answers are correct.
23.
Suppose that the reactions of mitochondria of a green plant were completely inhibited. What process would
immediately stop?
photosynthesis
glycolysis
fermentation
ATP production
lactate production
24.
Which molecules are produced in glycolysis and used in fermentation?
glucose, ATP, and NAD+
lactate, ATP, and CO2
pyruvate and NADH
acetyl CoA and NADH
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ACE Biology
Chapter 8
2011 – ‘12
Cellular Respiration
pyruvate and ATP
25.
Which pathway produces the most ATP per glucose molecule?
cellular respiration
fermentation
Krebs cycle
glycolysis
electron transport and chemiosmosis
26.
How many molecules of ATP would be produced from 20 molecules of glucose at the end of fermentation?
10
20
30
40
100
27.
Where does glycolysis occur?
matrix of mitochondria
outer membrane of mitochondria
cytoplasm
inner membrane of mitochondria
stroma of chloroplast
28.
Where does respiratory electron transport occur?
inner membrane of mitochondria
matrix of mitochondria
cytoplasm
outer membrane of mitochondria
stroma of chloroplast
29.
What is the product of the fermentation of sugar by yeast in bread dough that is essential for the rising of the
dough?
O2
ethanol
ATP
lactate
CO2
30.
The majority of ATP produced in aerobic respiration comes from
the Krebs cycle
fermentation
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ACE Biology
Chapter 8
2011 – ‘12
Cellular Respiration
chemiosmosis
photosynthesis
glycolysis
31.
The process that converts glucose into two molecules of pyruvate is
fermentation
glycolysis
the Calvin-Benson cycle
respiratory electron transport
the Krebs cycle
32.
The process that causes lactate buildup in muscles during strenuous exercise is
fermentation
the Calvin-Benson cycle
glycolysis
respiratory electron transport
the Krebs cycle
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