Unit 2 Whole Numbers – grade 5,
Learning Goals
1. Recognize and read numbers from 1 to 999 999
2. Read and write numbers in standard form, expanded form, and written form
3. Compare and order numbers
4. Use place value to represent numbers
5. Recall basic multiplication and division facts
6. Count by 11s and 12s
7. Estimate sums, differences, products, and quotients
8. Add, subtract, and multiply numbers mentally
9. Add and subtract 4-digit numbers
10.
Multiply a 2-digit number by a 2-digit number
11.
Divide a 4-digit number by a 1-digit number
12.
Pose and solve problems using whole numbers
13.
Solve problems with more than one step.
14.
Use patterns in a table to make predictions
p.26
Whole Numbers Key Words
(5TB27)
Compensation= Adding an amount to one term that you subtract
from another. 27 + 53 = (27 + 3) + (53 – 3) = 30 + 50 = 80
Dividend = the number to be divided. In the division sentence 77
divided by 11 = 7, the divident is 77.
Divisor = the number by which another number is divided. In the
division sentence 77 divided by 11 = 7, the divisor is 11.
Quotient = the number obtained by dividing one number into
another. In the division sentence 77 divided by 11 = 7, the quotient
is 7.
Compatible numbers = pairs of numbers you can easily divide
mentally
Lesson 1 – Representing, Comparing, and
Ordering Numbers
Standard Form = 4027
Words = four thousand twenty-seven
Expanded form = 4000+ 20 + 7
Base ten blocks = 4 cubes 10x10 2 sticks 1x10 7 single
blocks
Place-Value Chart
Thousands
hundreds
tens
ones
4
0
2
7
NOTE: When we write numbers with more
than 4 digits in standard form, we put a
space between the hundreds digit and the
thousand digits.
Lesson 2 – Using Mental Math to Add (5TB31)
Strategy: I estimate when I don’t need an exact answer. (4 ways below!!!)
1.
Use front-end estimation. Add the first digits of the numbers (3438 + 4279 is about 3000 + 4000, or 7000)
2. For a better estimate, round each number to the nearest hundred.
3438 rounded to the nearest hundred is 3400
4279 rounded to the nearest hundred is 4300
3400+ 4300 = 7700  3438 + 4279 is about 7700
3. Use compensation
2180 + 6432 =--?
 2180 + 20 = 2200
 6432 – 20 = 6412
 The sum of 2200 + 6412 is equal to the sum of 2189 + 6432.
 2200 + 6412 = 8612
 Thus 2180 + 6432 = 8612
To compensate, I took 20 away from one number and added 20 to the other one!
4. Use the strategy of adding-on
2625 + 432
Start with the greater number, 2625
There are four hundreds to add -> 2725 2825 2925 3025
There are 3 tens to add, count on by 10 three times  3025, 3035, 3045, 3055
Then add 2  3055 + 2 = 3057
Your answer 2625 + 432 = 3057
Lesson 3 – Adding 3- and 4-digit
Numbers
(5TB34)
 Use Base Ten Blocks on a place-value mat to add.
10 ones can be traded for 1 ten!
10 hundreds can be traded for 1 thousand.
 Use expanded form to add
738
+ 1 452
700 + 30 + 8
1000 + 400 + 50 + 2
1000 + 1100 + 80 + 10 =2100 + 90 = 2190
 Use place value to add (see book p. 35 for an example)
Lesson 4 –
(5TB37)
Adding Three Numbers
2 strategies:
1. Add 2 numbers first, then add the third one to the
sum of the 2 first ones
2. Use place value to add (p. 38)
NOTE: Estimate to check the
answer is reasonable!
Lesson 5 –Using Mental Math to
Subtract (5TB41)
3 strategies:
1. Round each number to the nearest hundred and
then subtract
2. Make a friendly number
3. Think of the number in expanded form. Subtract
each number in turn.
Lesson 6 –Subtracting with 4digit numbers (5TB44)
3 strategies:
1. Use Base 10 Blocks on a place-value mat to subtract
2. Use place value to subtract (p. 45)
NOTE: Estimate to check the
answer is reasonable!
Lesson 7 – Multiplication and
Division Facts to 144 (5TB47)
Most multiplication facts have:

One related multiplication fact (8x8=64 64:8=8)

Two related multiplication facts
9 x 8 = 72 8 x 9 – 72 72/9 = 8 72/8=9
Factors are numbers you multiply to get a product. 9
and 8 are factors of 72.
2 Strategies to help you multiply:
1. Use known facts to multiply. To find 12 x 8, you use 10 x 8
(80) and 2 x 8 (16) and then you add the 2 (80 +16 = 96
2. Use patterns to remember multiplication facts with 11.
A strategy to help you divide:
Use related multiplication facts to find the quotient. To
find 77/11  think 11 times which number is 77? You
know 11 x 7 = 77, so 77/11= 7
The divisor is 11. The dividend is 77. The quotient is 7.
Lesson 8 – Multiplying with
Multiples of 10 (5TB52)
Every multiple of 10 has 10 as a factor. These are
multiples of 10  100 1000 30 300 3000
Do you remember???
Factors are numbers you multiply to get a product.
9 and 8 are factors of 72.
1. Use place value to multiply by 10, 100, and 1000. (p. 53)
 When you multiply a whole number by 10, the digits move 1 place
to the left.
 When you multiply a whole number by 100, the digits move 2
places to the left.
 When you multiply a whole number by 1 000, the digits move 3
places to the left.
2. Use basic facdts and place-value patterns to multiply by 10, 100, and
1000. (p. 53)
 When you multiply a whole number by a multiple of 100, the digits
in the product of the related basic fact move 2 places to the left.
 When you multiply a whole number by a multiple of 1 000, the
digits in the product of the related basic fact move 3 places to the
left.
Lesson 9 – Using Mental Math to
Multiply (5TB55)
Lesson 10 – Multiplying 2-digit
Numbers (5TB58)
Tools: base ten blocks/ grid paper
Lesson 11 – Estimating quotients
(5TB61)

Estimate. Look for compatible numbers.
Compatible Numbers are pairs of numbers you can divide mentally.
 Estimate. Use front-end estimation. Find out how many
digits the quotient will have.
 Break the number into 2 numbers you can easily divide by
the number you are dividing into (336 divided by 4, think 336=
320 + 16, since it is easier to divide both 320 and 16 by 4)
Lesson 12 – Dividing with Whole
Numbers (5TB64)

Think multiplication (inverse operation)

Use place value

Use short division
Lesson 13 – Solving Problems
(with more than 1 step!) (5TB68)
Lesson 14 - Strategies Toolkit
Strategies
 Make a table
 Use a model
 Draw a diagram
 Solve a simpler problem
 Work backward
 Guess and check
 Make an organized list
 Use a pattern
 Draw a graph
 Use logical reasoning
(5TB72)
Unit 2 – Show what you know! 5TB74
Unit Problem – On the Dairy Farm (5TB76)
Check List:
Your work should show:

That you can choose the correct operation to
solve problems

All calculations in detail

A challenging story problem using whole numbers

A clear explanation of how you solved your story
problem