Course Name: Health
Semester: 1
Unit Number: 4
Section Number: 4
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Revise title from Disease Unit Section 5 Part A as follows: Chronic Diseases
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What’s the difference between an infectious disease and a chronic disease?
In this section, we will examine chronic diseases. These diseases are sometimes called lifestyle
diseases, or environmental diseases, because they are associated with lifestyle or environmental
factors, rather than being transmitted by infection. Chronic diseases, such as cancer and heart
disease, are not contagious.
Chronic diseases are caused by three important factors:
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A genetic pre-disposition for that disease
Poor lifestyle choices
Environmental factors that can influence these diseases
Chronic diseases are ongoing or recurring diseases. They are generally not “cured”, though
surgery and medication can be effective in managing them. Many chronic diseases are
preventable; therefore it is important that we understand how the choices we make can affect the
risk of contracting them.
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Section Objectives
After you have completed this section, you will be able to:
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Describe the causes and effects of the most common chronic diseases.
Describe the lifestyle choices, environmental factors, or genetic predispositions that
increase the risks of contracting chronic diseases.
Evaluate the personal choices that reduce the risks of contracting chronic disease.
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Asthma is a chronic lung disease that makes it difficult to breathe. It is an inflammatory condition
of the bronchial airways in the lungs. Asthma cannot be cured, only managed. Some people are
born with it while others develop it later in life in response to certain environmental or genetic
factors. With proper treatment, people with asthma can lead normal, active lives.
During an episode of asthma:
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The lining of the airways becomes swollen
The airways produce a thick mucus
The muscles around the airways tighten and make the airways narrower
The above changes make it difficult to breathe because the airways are blocked
Each person experiences a different level of severity
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Tutorial: Asthma
Select the play button to begin the tutorial, and then use the navigation buttons to pause/stop,
continue, or reset the tutorial. View the presentation as often as you would like, and take notes
as you follow along. Be sure to set your volume at a reasonable level before you begin.
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According to www.diabetes.org, diabetes is a disease in which the body does not produce or
properly use insulin. Insulin is a hormone that is needed to convert sugar, starches and other
food into energy needed for daily life. Over 7% of our population suffers from diabetes and the
cause remains somewhat of a mystery.
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There are four types of diabetes.
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Signs and Symptoms
Most symptoms of diabetes appear "normal" or at most harmless. However, these are some
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symptoms to look for:
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Frequent urination
Excessive thirst
Extreme hunger
Unusual weight loss
Increased fatigue
Irritability
Blurry vision
Treatment
In order to determine whether or not a patient has pre-diabetes or diabetes, health care
providers conduct a Fasting Plasma Glucose Test (FPG) or an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
(OGTT). Your health care provider will prescribe medicine and a lifestyle plan to combat this
disease.
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What do you think? Does eating too much sugar causes diabetes?
No. Diabetes is caused by a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors. However,
being overweight does increase your risk for developing type-2 diabetes. If you have a
history of diabetes in your family, eating a healthy meal plan and regular exercise are
recommended to manage your weight.
What do you think? True or False? If you have diabetes, you should only eat small
amounts of starchy foods, such as bread, potatoes and pasta.
Starchy foods are part of a healthy meal plan. What is important is the portion size.
For more information, visit www.diabetes.org.
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Section 5 Part D
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Revise title from Disease Unit Section 6 Part A: Chronic Diseases: Cardiovascular Disease
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Cardiovascular disease affects the heart and blood vessels. Complications from heart disease
includes: hypertension, which is also known as high blood pressure; atherosclerosis, which is a
build up of fatty substances in the blood vessels; heart attacks; and strokes, among others.
Watch the following tutorial for more information on cardiovascular diseases.
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Tutorial: Cardiovascular Disease
Select the play button to begin the tutorial, and then use the navigation buttons to pause/stop,
continue, or reset the tutorial. View the presentation as often as you would like, and take notes
as you follow along. Be sure to set your volume at a reasonable level before you begin.
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There are many things that we have absolutely no control over in terms of preventing heart
disease. One such thing is age. The older you become, the more likely it is that you will be
affected by coronary problems. The second is gender. Males have a higher incidence of
coronary heart disease than females. The third factor is racial considerations. African Americans,
although reasons are not known, have a higher incidence of coronary disease than their
Caucasian counterparts.
However, there are many factors that we do have control over. Make a list of three lifestyle
changes that you can do to improve your coronary health. Click below to see the answers.
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Lifestyle change 1:
Do NOT smoke.
Lifestyle change 2:
Exercise regularly.
Lifestyle change 3:
Develop healthy eating habits.
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The diagnosis of cancer strikes fear into the hearts of many patients and their families. Why does
cancer have this effect on us? Perhaps because its causes are fairly mysterious. Also, though
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we give it one name, cancer is not really a single disease. Rather, it is a progressive condition
that attacks different organs of the body in different ways. Treatment of cancer is difficult as well
as painful, and the disease itself is often fatal. That’s the bad news. The good news is that
cancer is often preventable, and we can reduce our risk of many forms of cancer by acquiring
healthy habits and avoiding unhealthy ones.
Cancer develops when abnormal cells multiply in the body’s normal tissue, causing tumors.
Some tumors are benign, meaning they don’t cause cancer. Some are malignant, which means
they are cancer-causing. When these cancerous tumors spread through the body, disease
occurs; this process is called metastasis.
Types of Cancer
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Treatments for Cancer
Though no cure yet exists for cancer, some possible treatments exist:
Surgery: removes cancerous tissue from the body.
Radiation: kills cancerous cells by aiming radiation at them.
Chemotherapy: uses cancer-killing chemicals to destroy cancerous cells.
New Method of Blood Treatment: A new method of blood treatment now exists, where new
antibodies are introduced to the body and destroy cancer cells.
Detection and Prevention
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<Interactive question> Can you name some of the most common types of cancer? What are
their risk factors?
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Skin Cancer: exposure to UV sunlight, using tanning beds or sun lamps
Lung Cancer: exposure to cigarette smoke and other inhalants such as asbestos
Breast Cancer: genetic factors, obesity, alcohol abuse, physical inactivity
Testicular: genetic factors, undescended testicles
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<Interactive question> What are some things people can do to help prevent cancer?
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Be Aware: check skin, breasts, and testicles regularly for signs such as lumps or changes in
color or size.
Avoid Smoking: exposure to cigarette smoke is a leading cause of cancer.
Exercise Regularly: cancer has been related to issues of obesity and other chronic conditions
that exercise helps alleviate.
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Can you name some of the most common types of cancer? What are the risk factors?
Eat Well: eating a balanced diet high in fruits, vegetables, vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber
has been shown to help decrease the risk of acquiring certain types of cancer.
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Revise title from Disease Unit Section 6 Part E: Chronic Diseases: Review
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Create a crossword with the following terms.
Heart attack
After reviewing the previous sections on chronic diseases, complete the following crossword.
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Skin cancer
Breast cancer
Diabetes Type I
Diabetes Type II
Asthma
Pain in the back, chest pressure, sweating, and nausea are
symptoms.
Prevention is limiting exposure to UV rays.
A symptom is a lump in the underarm area.
Body’s failure to produce insulin
Body is insulin resistant.
Response to a trigger that causes inflammation of the airway.
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Revise linked worksheet for the Chronic Disease Activity to match changes made above.
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You are now ready to take your Chronic Diseases Quiz. This is worth 20 points.
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Technology is changing the way health professionals treat and cure diseases and other health
concerns. Health care has become increasingly subject to computerization, while use of the
Internet as a source of health information continues to grow.
While some people worry about the impact technology may have on spreading misinformation,
others rejoice in the role that technology plays in assisting the medical profession in diagnosing
and treating patients. With our modern technology, doctors and technicians are quickly and
easily able to scan images of the body to find fractures, or view a cancerous growth, or take a
picture of a fetus to scan for abnormalities. Having the ability to diagnose medical conditions
early allows more lives to be saved because treatment can begin earlier than without technology.
As you view these news clips, take notes on these questions:
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How did technology advance to help in this medical procedure?
What alternative treatments were available other than technology (if any were
available)?
Is the technology completely developed?
Watch this clip (2 minutes):
http://www.healthcentral.com/video/408/2439/High-Tech_Simulator_Trains_Surgeons.html
Watch this clip (2 minutes):
http://www.healthcentral.com/video/408/2216/Laser_Allergy_Surgery.html
Watch this clip (4 minutes):
http://www.healthcentral.com/video/408/13063/High_Tech_Health.html
Now you are ready for the Technology in Health Discussion on the next page.
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Discussion: Technology in Health 20 points
Now that you’ve viewed the news clips, write down your thoughts about them. Choose one of the
clips and post a discussion thread addressing the following questions:
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What technology was used in the film?
How did technology advance to help in this medical procedure?
Did you agree or disagree with the benefits suggested? Why?
How do you think this technology changes?
Refer to the Discussions rubric to see how your instructor will be grading this assignment.
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Unit 4 – Physical Health: Preventing Disease Exam 60 points
Congratulations on completing this unit! In this unit you learned about:
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Preventing Disease
Infectious and Non-Infectious Diseases
Chronic Diseases
Now it’s time to take the unit exam. Please make sure to check your understanding of the topics
above before proceeding to the exam. After you have completed the exam, continue with the
course.
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