Publications
Prof. Spanier Ehud
Ph.D. Dissertation
Spanier, E. 1975. Sound recognition by Damselfishes of the genus Eupomacentrus from Florida
waters. Ph.D. Dissertation,
University of Miami, Florida, 145pp. (in English), (Major Superviso:? Prof. A.A. Myrberg).
Books
Edited Books

Spanier, E. (Ed.) 1987. The Royal Purple and The Biblical Blue Argaman and Tekhelet.
220 pp. Keter, Jerusalem.
Chapters written:

Spanier, E., and N. Karmon, Muricid snails and the ancient dye industries, pp. 179-192.

Karmon, N. and Spanier, E., Archaeological evidence of the purple dye industry from
Israel,
pp.147-158.

Elsner, O. and Spanier, E., The past, present and future of Tekhelet, pp.167-178.

Mienis, H.K. and Spanier, E., A Review of the family Janthinidae (Mollusca,
Gastropoda) in connection with the Tekhelet dye, pp.197-206.

Luria, M., Y. Steinberger and Spanier, E. (Eds.) 1989. Environmental Quality and
Ecosystem Stability. Vol.IV/A: Environmental Quality, 700pp. ISEEQS, Jerusalem.
(Conference Proceedings).

Spanier, E., Y. Steinberger and M. Luria, (Eds.) 1989. Environmental Quality and
Ecosystem Stability. Vol. IV/B: Ecosystem Stability, 552pp. ISEEQS, Jerusalem.
(Conference Proceedings).

Lavalli, K. L. and Spanier, E. (Eds.) 2006 (accepted). The Biology and Fisheries of the
Slipper Lobster. CRC Press, Crustacean Issues.
ISBN: 0849333989, Hardcover, 400 pp.
Articles
Published

Spanier, E. 1978. Preliminary trials with an ultraviolet liquid sterilizer. Aquaculture
19: 75-84.

Spanier, E. 1979. Aspects of species recognition by sound in four species of
damselfishes,
Genus Eupomacentrus (Pisces: Pomacentridae). Zeitschrift für Tierpsychol, 51: 301316.

Spanier, E. 1980. The use of distress calls to repel night herons (Nycticorax nycticorax)
from fish pond. Journal of Applied Ecology,
17: 287-294.

Spanier, E. 1981 Weeverfishes venomous marine fishes in the Mediterranean. Journal
of Israel Medical Association 100 (4):
185-187 (In Hebrew).

Spanier, E., M. Tom and S. Pisanty. 1985. Enhancement of fish recruitment by artificial
enrichment of man-made reefs in the southeastern Mediterranean. Bulletin of Marine
Science, 37(1): 356-363.

Goren, M. and E. Spanier, 1985. The Communities of benthic fish in Foul Bay (Tiran
Island, Red Sea). Oceanologica Acta, 8 (4): 471-478.

Spanier, E. 1986. Cannibalism in Muricid Snails. a possible explanation for
archaeological findings. Journal of Archaeological Science, 13: 463-468.

Spanier, E. 1987. A fossil record of shell boring: possible evidence for sea level changes
in the Red Sea. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 24:873-879.

Zimmer-Faust, R.K. and E. Spanier, 1987. Gregariousness and sociality in spiny
lobsters: implication for den habitation. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and
Ecology 105:51-71.

Spanier, E., M. Tom, S. Pisanty and G. Almog, 1988. Seasonality and shelter selection
by the slipper lobster Scyllarides latus in the southeastern Mediterranean. Marine
Ecology Progress Series, 42: 247-255.

Spanier, E. and M. Goren, 1988. An Indo-Pacific Trunkfish Tetrasomus gibbosus
(Linnaeus) first record of the family Ostracionidae in the Mediterranean. Journal of
Fish Biology, 32: 797-798.

Spanier, E. and R.K. Zimmer-Faust, 1988. Some physical properties of shelter that
influence den preference in spiny lobsters. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and
Ecology, 122: 137-149.

Karmon, N. and E. Spanier, 1988. Remains of a purple dye industry found at Tel
Shiqmona. Israel Exploration Journal, 38 (3): 184-186.

Raikhlin-Eisenkraft, B., Y. Finkelstein and E. Spanier,, 1988. Ciguatera-like poisoning in
the Mediterranean. Veterinary and Human Toxicology, 30 (6): 582-583.

Galil, B., S. Pisanty, E. Spanier and M. Tom. 1989. The Indo-Pacific lobster Panulirus
ornatus (Fabricius, 1798) (Crustacea: Decapoda) a new lessepsian migrant to the
Eastern Mediterranean Israel Journal of Zoology, 35: 241-243.

Spanier, E., Y. Finkelstein and B. Raikhlin-Eisenkraft, 1989. Toxicity of the saupe Sarpa
salpa. (Linnaeus, 1758) on the Mediterranean coast of Israel. Journal of Fish Biology,
34: 635-636.

Spanier, E., S. Pisanty, M. Tom and G. Almog-Shtayer, 1989. The fish assemblage on a
coralligenous shallow shelf of the Mediterranean coast of Northern Israel. Journal of
Fish Biology, 35: 641-649.

Spanier, E., M. Tom, S. Pisanty, and G. Almog-Shtayer, 1990. Artificial reefs in the low
productive marine environment of the Southeastern Mediterranean. P.S.Z.N.I: Marine
Ecology, 11(1): 61-75.

Galil, B., E. Spanier and W. Ferguson, 1990. The Scyphomedusae of the Israeli
Mediterranean coast, including two Lessepsian migrants new to the Mediterranean.
Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden, 64(7): 95-105.

Spanier, E., Weihs, D. and G. Almog-Shtayer, 1991. Swimming of the Mediterranean
Slipper lobster. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 145:15-31.

Spanier, E. and B.S. Galil, 1991. Lessepsian migration? a continuous biogeographical
process. Endeavour 584, 15(3):102-106.

Spanier, E., and G. Almog-Shtayer, 1992. Shelter preferences in the Mediterranean
slipper lobster: effects of physical properties. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology
and Ecology, 164:103-116.

Spanier, E., J.S. Cobb, and M.-J. James, 1993. Why are there no reports on eusocial
marine crustaceans? Oikos, 67(3): 573-576.

Spanier, E. and D.E. Barshaw, 1993. Tag retention in the Mediterranean slipper
lobster.
Israel Journal of Zoology, 39(1): 29-33.

Spanier, E., G. Almog-Shtayer, and U. Fiedler, 1993. The Mediterranean slipper lobster
Scyllarides latus. the known and the unknown. BIOS, 1(1):49-58.

Spanier, E., J.S. Cobb and M. Clancy, 1994. Impacts of remotely operated vehicles on
the behavior of marine animals: an example using American lobsters. Marine Ecology
Progress Series, 104:257-266.

Spanier, E., 1994. What are the characteristics of a good artificial reef for lobsters?
Crustaceana, 67(2):173-186.

Barshaw, D. and E. Spanier, 1994. The undiscovered lobster - a first look at the social
behavior of the Mediterranean slipper lobster, Scyllarides latus Decapoda, Scyllaridae.
Crustaceana, 67(2): 187-197.

Barshaw, D.E. and E. Spanier, 1994. Anti-predator behaviors of the Mediterranean
slipper lobster Scyllarides latus. Bulletin of Marine Science, 55(2+3): 375-382.

Avian, M., E. Spanier and B. Galil, 1995. Nematocysts of Rhopilema nomadica
(Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae), an immigrant jellyfish in the Eastern Mediterranean.
Journal of Morphology, 224: 221-231.

Kokeli, F., M. Avian, E. Spanier and B. Galil, 1995. Dermatotoxicity of 2 nematocyst
preparations of the jellyfish Rhopilema nomadica. Contact Dermatitis 32: 244.

Zohar, I., T. Dayan and E. Spanier, 1997. Predicting Grey Triggerfish body size from
bones. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 7: 150-156.

Lozano-Alvarez, E. and E. Spanier, 1997. Behavior and growth of captive sub-adults
spiny lobsters, Panulirus argus, under the risk of predation. Marine and Freshwater
Research,48 (8):707-713.

Spanier, E., T.P. McKenzie, J.S. Cobb and M. Clancy, 1998. Behavior of juvenile
American lobsters, Homarus americanus, under predation risk, Marine Biology, 130 (3),
397-406.

Spanier, E. and K.L. Lavalli, 1998. Natural history of Scyllarides latus (Crustacea
Decapoda): a review of the contemporary biological knowledge of the Mediterranean
slipper lobster. Journal of Natural History, 32(6), 1769-1786.

Fiedler, U. and E. Spanier, 1999. Occurrence of larvae of Scyllarus arctus (Crustacea,
Decapoda, Scyllaridae) in the Eastern Mediterranean - preliminary results. Annales Annals for Istrian n and Mediterranean studies, 17, 153-158.

Goffman, O., M. Roditi, T. Shariv, E. Spanier and D. Kerem, 2000. Cetacean from the
Israeli coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Israel Journal of Zoology, 46, 143-147.

Spanier, E., 2000. Changes in the ichthyofauna of an artificial reef in the southeastern
Mediterranean in one decade. Scientia Marina 64(2), 279-284.

Spanier, E., O. Goffman, D. Kerem, and K. Lavalli. 2000. Injury of an Indian Ocean
bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) in the Red Sea by a stingray spine. Aquatic
Mammals 26(3): 196-201.

Kerem, D., Goffman, O. and Spanier, E., 2001. Sighting of a single hump-backed
dolphin(Sousa sp.) along the Mediterranean coast of Israel. Marine Mammal Science
17(1), 170-171.

Zohar, I., T. Dayan, E. Galili and E. Spanier, 2001. Fish processing during the early
Holocene: a taphonomic study from the coast of Israel. Journal of Archaeological
Science 28, 1041-1053.

Lavalli, K.L. and E. Spanier, 2001.Does gregariousness function as an antipredator
mechanism in the Mediterranean slipper lobster, Scyllarides latus? Marine and
Freshwater Research 52, 1133-1143.

Black, KD, Sayer, M, Cook, E., Angel, DL, Spanier, E., Karakassis, I, Malej, A., Collins,
K., Pickering, H., Whitmarsh, D., Lojen, S. 2001. BIOFAQs - BIOFiltration and
AQuaculture: an evaluation of substrate deployment performance. In: Environmental
impact assessment of Mediterranean aquaculture farms. Cahiers Options
Mediterraneennes 55: 205-207.

Angel, D. L., N. Eden, S. Breitstein, A. Yurrman, T. Katz and E. Spanier, 2002. In situ
biofiltration: a mean to limit the dispersal of effluent from marine finfish cage
aquaculture.
Hydrobilogia 469, 1-10.

Kress, N., Tom, M., and Spanier, E. 2002. The use of coal fly ash in concrete for
marine artificial reefs in the southeastern Mediterranean: compressive strength, sessile
biota, and chemical composition ICES Journal of Marine Science, 59: S231 - S237.

Angel, D. L. and Spanier, E. 2002. An application of artificial reefs to reduce organic
enrichment caused by net-cage fish farming: preliminary results. ICES Journal of
Marine Science, 59: S324 – S329.

Roditi-Elasar, M., Kerem, D., Goffman, O., Kress, N., Hornung, H. and E. Spanier,
2003.Heavy metal levels in bottlenose and striped dolphins off the Mediterranean coast
of Israel. Marine Pollution Bulletin 46: 504 -512.

Barshaw, D. E., K. L. Lavalli and E. Spanier, 2003. Offense versus defense: responses of
three different morphological types of lobsters to predation. Marine Ecology Progress
Series 256: 171-182.

Spanier, E., Tsemel, A., Lubinevsky, H., Roitemberg, A., Yurman, A., Breitstein, S.,
Angel, D. L., Eden, N. and Katz, T. 2003. Can open water bio-filters can be used for the
reduction of the environmental impact of finfish net cage aquaculture in the coastal
water of Israel. Annales - Annals for Istrian and Mediterranean studies 13 (1): 25-28.

Angel, D. L., Eden, N., Katz, T. and E. Spanier, 2003. Mariculture – environment
interactions and biofiltration in oligotrophic Red Sea waters. Annales - Annals for
Istrian and Mediterranean studies 13 (1): 33-36.

Bianchini, M. L., E. Spanier and S. Ragonese, 2003. Enzymatic variability of
Mediterranean slipper lobsters, Scyllaidess latus, from Sicilian waters. Annales - Annals
for Istrian and Mediterranean studies, Ser. hist. nat. 13, 43-50.

Lojen, S., Spanier, E., Tsemel, A., Katz, T., Eden, N. and D. L. Angel, 2005. d15N as a
natural tracer of particulate nitrogen effluents released from marine aquaculture.
Marine Biology 148 (1), 87-96.

Tarsitano, S. F., K. L. Lavalli, F. Horne and E. Spanier, 2006. The constructional
properties of the exoskeleton of Homarid, Palinurid, and Scyllarid Lobsters.
Hydrobiologia 557, 9-20.

Tsemel, A., Spanier, E. and D. L. Angel , 2006. Benthic communities of artificial
structures: effect of mariculture in the Gulf of Aqaba (Eilat) on development and
bioaccumulation". Bulletin of Marine Science, 78 (1), 103-113.

Sivan D., Potasman M.., Almogi-Labin A., Bar-Yosef Mayer D.E., Spanier E., Boaretto E.
2006. The Glycymeris query along the coasts and shallow shelf of Israel, south east
Mediterranean. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (Palaeo3) 223,
134-148

Cook, E.J., K.D. Black, M.D.J. Sayer, C.J. Cromey, D. Angel, E. Spanier, A. Tsemel, T.
Katz, N. Eden, I. Karakassis, M. Tsapakis, E. Apostolaki and A. Malej, 2006. The
influence of caged mariculture on the early development of sub-littoral fouling
communities: a pan-European study. ICES Journal of Marine Science 63: 637-649.
Accepted for Publication

Bentur Y. and E. Spanier (accepted for publication) Ciguatoxin-like substances in
edible fish on the eastern Mediterranean Clinical Toxicology 22 pp.

Sonin O., E. Spanier, D. Levi, B. Patti, P. Rizzo and M. G. Andreoli (accepted for
publication). Nanism (Dwarfism) in a Mediterranean fish: a comparison between red
mullets, Mullus barbatus, from the southeastern and the central Mediterranean Marine
Ecology Progress Series. 24pp.
Articles or Chapters in Books Which are not Conference Proceedings

Spanier, E. 1983. Environmental hazards in the Sea. In: Surviving in all conditions
(Hebrew edition). (Eds. Y. Shapiro, S. Bril and Y. Epstein) Israel Ministry of Defense
Publishing Office, 75-83, 247-254. (in Hebrew).

Spanier, E. 1986. Aspects of the Biblical Blue and Royal Purple Industries. In:
Antiquities of the Western Galilee (E. Yedaya, ed.) Israel Defense Ministry, Publishing
House, pp.525-531 (In Hebrew).

Spanier, E., Y. Melamed, D. Darom, and D. Friedman. 1987. Dangerous marine animals
inthe Gulf of Eilat. In: The Book of Sinai (A. Shmueli and G. Gvirzman, Eds.) "Eretz"
Series, Vol. I, pp.447-472. (In Hebrew).

Spanier, E. 1987. Dangerous Marine Organisms in the Coastal Waters. in: The way out,
The skill to survive (Y. Nezer and Y. Epstein eds.). Israel Ministry of Defense Publishing
Office. pp.235-274 (in Hebrew).

Spanier, E., 2000. Artificial reefs off the Mediterranean coast of Israel. Chapter 1 In:
Artificial Reefs in European Seas (A. Jensen,K. Collins & A. Lockwood, eds.). Kluwer
Academic Publishers, Hampshire, pp. 1-19.

Spanier, E., 2000. Environmental quality in the Mediterranean coasts. In: Sea and
coasts - articles 2000 (E. Adler, M. Fine and D. Baum, Eds.). Department of Sea and
coasts, Israel Ministry for Environmental Quality, pp. 8-18 (in Hebrew).

Spanier, E., 2000. Dangerous marine animals in the coastal waters of Israel. In: Sea and
coasts - articles 2000 (E. Adler, M. Fine and D. Baum, Eds.). Department of Sea and
coasts, Israel Ministry for Environmental Quality, pp. 193-216 (in Hebrew).

Spanier, E. and K. L. Lavalli. Scyllarides spp., Chapter 14 In: Lobsters: Biology
Management, Aquaculture and Fisheries (Phillips, B. F.) Part 2: Lobsters of Commercial
Importance. Blackwell, Oxford, UK, pp. 462-496.

Lavalli, K.L. and E. Spanier, 2007. Introduction to the biology and fisheries of slipper
lobsters., Chapter 1, Pp. 3-21 in: (Lavalli, K.L. and E. Spanier, eds.) The Biology and
Fisheries of Slipper Lobsters. Crustacean Issues 17. CRC Press (Taylor &Francis Group),
NY.

Lavalli, K.L., E. Spanier, and F. Grasso, 2007. Behavior and sensory biology of slipper
lobsters. Chapter 7, Pp. 133-181 in: (Lavalli, K.L. and E. Spanier, eds.) The Biology and
Fisheries of Slipper Lobsters. Crustacean Issues 17. CRC Press (Taylor &Francis Group),
NY.

Spanier, E. and K.L. Lavalli., 2007. Directions for future research in slipper lobster
biology. Chapter 10, Pp. 221-228 in: (Lavalli, K.L. and E. Spanier, eds.) The Biology and
Fisheries of Slipper Lobsters. Crustacean Issues 17. CRC Press (Taylor & Francis Group),
NY.

Spanier, E. and K.L. Lavalli., 2007. Slipper lobster fisheries—Present status and future
perspectives. Chapter 18, Pp. 377-391 in: (Lavalli, K.L. and E. Spanier, eds.) The
Biology and Fisheries of Slipper Lobsters. Crustacean Issues 17. CRC Press (Taylor &
Francis Group), NY.
Articles in Conference Proceedings

Myrberg A.A., E. Spanier, and S.J. Ha, 1978. Temporal patterning in acoustical
communication. Chapt. 5 In: Contrasts in behavior (E.S. Reese and F.J. Lighter, Eds),
John Wiley and Sons Inc. N.Y. 137-179.

Spanier, E. 1979. Experiments in repelling night herons from fish ponds by the use of
distress calls. Proceedings of the 10th Scientific Conference of the Israel Ecological
Society: (IES, Israel) C1-C18.

Spanier, E. 1981. Behavioral Ecology of the marine snail Trunculariopsis trunculus, In:
Developments in Arid Zone Ecology and Environmental Quality (Ed. H. Shuval). Balaban
Iss. Philadelphia, Vol. I, 65-70.

Spanier, E., S. Pisanty and M. Tom. 1983. Artificial reef in the Eastern Mediterranean.
Preliminary Results. In: Developments in Ecology and Environmental Quality Vol. II, (Ed.
H. Shuval). Balaban ISS. Philadelphia, 317-325.

Spanier, E., M. Tom, S. Pisanty, S. Breitstein, Y. Tur-Caspa and G. Almog, 1985.
Development of artificial habitats for commercial species and open sea fish culturing in
the southeastern Mediterranean. Proceedings of the joint international scientific
diving symposium (C. T. Mitchell, ed.) October 31 to November 3, 1985. Academy of
Underwater Sciences, La Jolla, California, pp.123-135.

Elsner, O. and E. Spanier, 1985. The dyeing with Murex extracts. An unusual dyeing
method of wool to the Biblical Sky Blue. Proceedings of the 7th Wool and Textile
Research Conference Tokyo 1985. Vol. V: 118-130.

Spanier, E., M. Tom, S. Pisanty, and G. Almog-Shtayer, 1989. Comparison between
Lessepsian migrants and local species in the fish community ofthe shallow shelf of
Northern Israel. In: Ecosystems Stability and Environmental Quality Vol.IV/B (E.
Spanier, M. Luria and Y. Steinberger Eds.) pp.177-185. ISEEQS, Jerusalem. (B-3)

Almog-Shtayer, G., E. Spanier, and M. Artzy. 1989. What can we learn about the
behavioral ecology of Mediterranean lobsters from ancient sources. In: Ecosystems
Stability and Environmental Quality Vol. IV (E. Spanier, M. Luria, Y. Steinberger eds.)
pp.371-379. ISEEQS, Jerusalem. (B-3)

Spanier, E. 1989. How to increase the fisheries yield in low productive marine
environments. Ocean 89: 1, 297-301. IEEE Publication (New York) Number 89CH2780-5.

Spanier, E. 1991. Artificial reefs to insure protection of the adult Mediterranean
slipper lobster, Scyllarides latus (Latreille, 1803), In: Les Espéces Marines á Protéger
en Méditerranée (C.F. Boudouresque, M. Avon and V. Gravez Eds.) GIS Posidonia Publ.,
Fr. 1991: 179-185.

Zohar, I., T. Dayan, E. Spanier, E. Galili and O. Lernau, 1994. Exploitation of grey
triggerfish (Balistes carolinensis) by the prehistoric inhabitants of Atlit-Yam, Israel: A
preliminary report. Fish Remains Group, Van Neer, W. (Ed.), Annals du Musee Royal de
l'Afrique Centrale, Sciences Zoologiques, Tervuren, 274: 231-237.

Spanier, E. 1995. Artificial reefs in a biogeographically changing environment.
Proceedings of ECOSET '95, Tokyo, Japan, Vol. II,543-547. ECS, Tokyo.

Spanier, E. 1995. Do we need special artificial habitats for lobsters? Proceedings of
ECOSET '95, Tokyo, Japan, Vol. II, 548-553. ECS, Tokyo.

Spanier, E., K.J. Collins and J. Morris, 1996. Environmental changes in an artificial reef
in the southeastern Mediterranean in the last decade. Preservation of our world in the
wake of change - Proceedings of the 6th International Conference of the Israeli Society
for Ecology and Environmental Quality Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel (ed., Y.
Steinberger). Vol. VIB, 446-448. ISEEQS, Jerusalem.

Sonin, O., E. Spanier and S. Pisanty, 1996. Undersize fishes in the catch of the Israeli
Mediterranean fisheries - are there differences between shallow and deeper water?
Preservation of our world in the wake of change - Proceedings of the 6th International
Conference of the Israeli Society for Ecology and Environmental Quality Sciences.
Jerusalem, Israel (ed., Y. Steinberger, vol. VIB, 449-454). ISEEQS, Jerusalem.

Barshaw, D.E., K.L. Lavalli, M. Bianchini, S. Ragonese, and E. Spanier, 1996. Offense
versus defense: the antipredator strategies of slipper lobsters compared with spiny and
clawed lobsters. Preservation of our world in the wake of change - Proceedings of the
6th International Conference of the Israel Society for Ecology and Environmental
Quality Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel (ed. Y. Steinberger, Vol. VIC), 4 pp. ISEEQS,
Jerusalem.

Spanier, E. 1996. Assessment of habitat selection behavior in macro-organisms on
artificial reefs European Artificial Reef Research - Proceedings of the 1st EARRN
(European Artificial Reef Research Network), Ancona, Italy, March 1996 (ed., A.C.
Jensen), 323-336., Southampton Oceanographic Centre, UK.

Angel, D. and E. Spanier, 1998. The potential of artificial reefs to reduce organic
enrichment caused by commercial net cage fish farming in the Gulf of Aqaba.
Proceedings of the Workshop on Offshore Technologies for Aquaculture, Technion,
Haifa, 13-15 October, 1998. Paper 9.3, 266-269.

Spanier, E., Kress, N. and M. Tom, 1999. The use of coal fly ash in marine concrete for
artificial reefs in the southeastern Mediterranean. Proceedings of the 7th Conference
on Artificial Reefs and Related Habitats. Sanremo, Italy, 6-11 October, 1999, pp. 323345.

Angel, D. L. and E. Spanier, 1999. Artificial reefs to reduce organic enrichment caused
by net cage fish farming - preliminary results. Proceedings of the 7th Conference on
Artificial Reefs and Related Habitats. Sanremo, Italy, 6-11 October, 1999, pp. 478-485.

Angel, D. L., Katz, T., Eden, N., E. Spanier and K. N. Black, 2005. Damage control in
the coastal zone: improving water quality by harvesting aquaculture-derived
nutrients.In: E. Levner Eugene; Linkov, Igor; Proth J.M., Jean-Marie (eds.) Strategic
Management of Marine Ecosystems. Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute,
held in Nice, France, 1-11 October, 2003. Series: NATO Science Series:IV: Earth and
Environmental Sciences, Vol. 50 Springer, The Netherlands, 53-64.
Other
Published

Spanier, E. 1975. Aspect of species recognition by sound in four species of
damselfishes, Genus Eupomacentrus. Proceedings of the Animal Behavior Society
Meeting University of North Carolina, May 22-27, 1975. 1p. (Abstract).

Spanier, E. 1975. Species recognition in damselfishes. Proceedings of the 55th Annual
meeting American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. Williamsburg, Virginia,
June, 1975. 1p. (Abstract)

Spanier, E. 1977. The potential use of Ultraviolet radiation in aquaculture. The 6th
Scientific Meeting of the H. Steinitz Marine Biology Laboratory, Eilat, March 31 1977.
In: The 6th report of the Steinitz Marine Biology Laboratory, Eilat 1977. 2pp.
(Abstract).

Spanier, E. 1978. Experiments in repelling night herons from fish ponds by the use of
distress calls. Fisheries and Fish-breeding in Israel, 13(4): 11-24. (Technical Paper). (in
Hebrew with an English abstract).

Spanier, E. 1980. CA Comment on "Maritime hunter-gatherers. Ecology and Prehistory"
Current Anthropology, 21 (c): 742.

Spanier, E. and N. Karmon. 1980. Notes concerning the predatory behavior of the
purple snail (Murex trunculus). Levantina, 28: 321-323.

Spanier, E. 1981. Aspects of the biology and behavior of the purple snail Murex
trunculus. Israel Journal of Zoology, 30: 106-107.

Spanier, E. 1982. Predatory behavior of the rock murex (Trunculariopsis trunculus).
Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Animal Behavior Society. Duluth Minnesota,
p. 82. (Abstract)

Spanier, E., N. Karmon and E. Linder. 1982. Bibliography concerning various aspects of
the purple dye. Levantina 37: 437-447.

Spanier, E. 1983. Behavioral Ecology of marine animals in natural and artificial reefs.
Proceedings of the 18 International Ethological Conference. Brisbane, Australia.
September 1983. p. 268. (Abstract).

Spanier, E., M. Tom and S. Pisanty, 1983. Enhancement of fish recruitment by artificial
enrichment of man-made reef in the southeastern Mediterranean. Proceedings of the
3rd International Artificial Reef Conference, Newport Beach, Cal. November 1983).
pp.13-14. (Abstract)

Spanier, E. 1984. Artificial reefs on the continental shelf-environmental improvement
or an ecological damage? Proceedings of the 15th. Annual Meeting, Israel Society of
Ecology. Haifa, May 1984, p.19 (In Hebrew). (Abstract)

Spanier, E. and R.K. Zimmer-Faust, 1986. Evidence for con-specific attraction
influencing den selection by spiny lobsters. Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Animal Behavior Society of America, Tucson, Arizona, June 1986. p.9. (Abstract)

Spanier, E., M. Tom, S. Pisanty and G. Almog, 1986. Aspects of the ecology of the
slipper lobster, Scyllarides latus in the southeastern Mediterranean. Proceedings of the
of the IV International Conference of Ecology Syracuse N.Y. 1986. p. 319. (Abstract)

Spanier, E. 1986. Man and marine life: past, present and future. Proceedings of the 1st
International Symposium on Harbors Port Cities and Coastal Topography. Haifa Israel
1986. pp. 181-182. (Abstract)

Spanier, E. 1987. Mollusca as food for the slipper lobster Scyllarides latus in the
coastal waters of Israel. Levantina, 68: 713-716.

Spanier, E., M. Tom, S. Pisanty and G. Almog. 1987. Behavioral-ecological aspects in
the biology of the Mediterranean slipper lobster in the coastal waters of Israel. Israel
Journal of Zoology 34: 94. (extended abstract).

Spanier, E., G. Almog, Tom, M. and S. Pisanty, 1987. Ecological Characteristics of the
Mediterranean Slipper lobster in the north coast of Israel. Proceedings of the 18th
Annual Conference Israel Society for Ecology and Environmental Quality Science.
Ohalo, May 1987, pp.9-12. (Abstract)

Spanier, E. 1987. Comparison of behavioral-ecological aspects of slipper lobsters and
spiny lobsters. Proceedings of the 20th International Ethological Conference; Madison,
Wisconsin; August 1987. p.166. (Abstract).

Spanier, E. 1988. Artificial reefs and lobsters on the Mediterranean continental shelf of
Israel. Proceedings of the Symposium "Marine Studies", Haifa, February, 1988, 1p. (In
Hebrew). (Abstract)

Spanier, E. 1988. Dangerous Marine Organisms in the Coasts of Carmel. in: Carmel
Studies (proc.) University of Haifa, June 7, 1988, pp.22-25. (In Hebrew). (Abstract)

Spanier, E. 1988. Optimization of Behavioral Ecology ? Optimal foraging versus optimal
sheltering. Proceedings of the 19th Annual Conference of the Israel Society for Ecology
and Environmental Quality Sciences, Tel Aviv, June 15-16, 1988, p.H-3 (in Hebrew).
(Abstract)

Spanier, E. 1988. Massive appearance of jellyfishes along the Mediterranean coast of
Israel ? known and unknown. Proceedings of the 25th annual Conference of the
Zoological Society of Israel. Oranim, Tivon, December 4-5, 1988, 1p. (in Hebrew).
(Abstract)

Spanier, E. 1989. The Mediterranean slipper lobster - the known and the unknown.
Proceedings of the IV Colloquium Crustacea Decapoda Mediterranea Thessaloniki,
Greece: April 1989. pp.8-10. (Abstract)

Spanier, E. 1989. Lobsters and fish associated with morphological relieves. Proceedings
of the of the Symposium on the Mediterranean Continental Shelf of Israel Haifa, May
1989. pp.30-31 (in Hebrew). (Abstract)

Spanier, E. 1989. Optimal sheltering as a survival strategy. Proceedings of the 21st
International Ethological Conference. Utrecht, Holland; August 1989, p.155. (Abstract)

Spanier, E. 1989. Behavioral ecology of Scyllarides latus and the protection of this
species. Proceedings of the Colloque International: Les Espéces Marines á Protéger en
Méditerranée Carry-Le-Rouet, France, November 1989, pp.19-20. (Abstract)

Spanier, E., S. Pisanty, M. Tom and G. Almog-Shtayer, 1989. Trials with man-made reef
units as substitute for rocky habitat in exposed sea conditions. Fisheries and Fishbreeding in Israel 22: 36-45 (in Hebrew with an English Abstract). (Technical paper)

Spanier, E. 1989. Swarming of jellyfishes along the Mediterranean coast of Israel.
Israel Journal of Zoology 36(1): 55-56. (extended abstract).

Spanier, E., M. Tom, S. Pisanty and G. Almog, 1989. Artificial habitat for fisheries in
the Southeastern Mediterranean - A Model for low productivity marine environments.
Bulletin of Marine Science, 44:1070 (Abstract).

Spanier, E. 1990. The rediscovery of the Royal Purple and Biblical Blue. Oceanus,
33(1): 75. (Short article).

Spanier, E. and B. Galil, 1990. Scyhomedusae of the Mediterranean continental margin
of Israel. Proceedings of the 2nd Symposium on the Mediterranean Continental Shelf of
Israel University of Tel Aviv. May 23. 4pp. (Abstract) (in Hebrew).

Galil, B.S. and E. Spanier, 1990. The Scyphomedusae of the Mediterranean Coast of
Israel. Rapport et Procés-verbaux des Réunions de la Commission Internationale pour
l'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Méditérranée, 32, 1, p.221. (Abstract)

Barshaw, D.E. and E. Spanier. 1990. Artificial reefs protect adult slipper lobsters
Scyllarides latus from predation. American Zoologist 30(4), p.46A. (Abstract)

Spanier, E., and D. Weihs. 1990. Escape swimming of the Mediterranean slipper lobster
Scyllarides latus: Behavioral and hydrodynamic aspects. American Zoologist 30(4)
p.122A. (Abstract)

Spanier, E., M. Tom and B. S. Galil, 1991. Preliminary ROV study of the epibenthic
megafauna at Akhziv canyon, Mediterranean coast of Israel. Proceedings of the 3d
Symposium on the Mediterranean Continental Shelf of Israel, Haifa May 1991, 3pp.
(Abstract)

Barshaw, D.E. and E. Spanier. 1991. Sheltering as a protective adaptation of the
Mediterranean slipper lobster Scyllarides latus, against predation by the grey trigger
fish, Balistes carolinesis. Israel Journal of Zoology. 37: 180-181 (Abstract).

Spanier, E. and D.E. Barshaw, 1991. Artificial habitats function as protection against a
natural predator for commercial species. Abstracts of the Fifth International
Conference on Aquatic Habitat Enhancement. Nov. 3-7, 1991, Long Beach, CA. pp.101102 (Abstract).

Barshaw, D.E. and E. Spanier, 1991. Anti-predator behavior of the slipper lobster
Scyllarides latus. American Zoologist 31 (5): 104A. (Abstract).

Spanier, E. and D.E. Barshaw, 1992. Defenses in the Mediterranean slipper lobster in
comparison with lobsters of other families. Abstracts of the 20th Annual Marine
Benthic Ecology meeting. March 26-29, 1992, Newport, RI, USA. p.45. (Abstract).

Spanier, E., 1992. The marine fauna of the coasts of Haifa and vicinities. in: Persons
and Deeds in Haifa and Vicinities. (M. Aharoni, ed.) Miksam Publishing, Haifa, pp.63-64
(in Hebrew). (Short article in a book).

Spanier, E., J.S. Cobb and M.-J. James, 1992. Are there eusocial marine crustaceans?
Abstracts of the 20th Annual Marine Benthic Ecology meeting. March 26-29, 1992,
Newport, RI, USA. p.45. (Abstract).

Barshaw, D.E. and E. Spanier, 1992. The defence strategies of the Mediterranean
slipper lobster, Scylarides latus. Proceedings of the first European Crustacean
Conference. Paris, August 31-September 5, 1992. p.11 (Abstract).

Avian, M., B. Galil, E. Spanier, and L. Rottini-Sandrini, 1992. The nematocysts of
Rhopilema nomadica (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) - A new Lessepsian Scyphomedusa in the
Eastern Mediterranean. Rapports et Procés Verbaux des Réunions de la Commission
Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Méditérranée, 33 p.244
(Abstract).

Avian, M., B. Galil, E. Spanier, L. Rottini-Sandrini, and P. Bonivento, 1992. Histology of
the gonads of Rhopilema nomadica (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) - First observations. Rapports
et Procés Verbaux des Réunions de la Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration
Scientifique de la Mer Méditerranée, 33 p.245 (Abstract).

Barshaw, D.E. and E. Spanier, 1992. Social behavior, substrate preferences and
sheltering of the slipper lobster, Scyllarides latus, in large naturalistic tanks. American
Zoologist 32(5): 2A (Abstract).

Spanier, E. J.S. Cobb and M. Clancy, 1992. Can we use ROVs to observe the behavior of
lobsters? American Zoologist 32(5): 7A. (Abstract).

Sonin, O., E. Spanier and S. Pisanty, 1993. Should trawling be limited along the
Mediterranean coasts of Israel during the summer? Proceedings of the 5th Symposium
on the Mediterranean Continental Shelf of Israel Haifa, May 1993 pp.16-21 (Extended
Abstract in English and Hebrew).

Spanier, E. 1993. Recruitment of lobsters to natural and artificial habitats: behavioral ecological implications for stock management. Abstracts of the 4th International
workshop on Lobster Biology and Management, p.36 (abstract).

Barshaw, D.E. and E. Spanier, 1993. Social behavior, substrate preference and
sheltering of the Mediterranean slipper lobster, Scyllarides latus. Abstracts of the 4th
International workshop on lobster ? Biology and management. p.36 (Abstract).

Zohar, I., Dayan, T., Spanier, E. and O. Lernau, 1993. The exploitation of marine
resources by the prehistoric inhabitants of the East Mediterranean coast: The case of
the Grey Triggerfish (Balistes carolinensis). ICAS, Fish remains group, 7th meeting,
LeuvenBelgium, 6-10 September 1993. 1p (Abstract).

Barshaw, D.E. and E. Spanier, 1993. The undiscovered lobster: A first look at the social
behavior of the slipper lobster Scyllarides latus. American Zoologist 33(5): 104A
(Abstract).

Fiedler, U. and E. Spanier, 1993. Distribution of the larvae of Scyllarus arctus in the
Eastern Mediterranean. Abstracts of the International Senckenberg Symposium
Crustacea Decapoda, Frankfurt a.M. October 18-22, 1993, p.23. (Abstract).

Spanier, E. 1994. Should the Coral Reserve in Eilat be closed for visitors? Proceedings
of the Symposium on the ecosystem of the Gulf of Eilat in view of the regional
economic developments and the Peace Process, Eilat, January 1994, 2pp. (Abstract) (in
Hebrew).

Barshaw, D.E. and E. Spanier, 1994. The undiscovered lobster: A first look at the social
behavior of the Mediterranean slipper lobster Scyllarides latus. In Proceedings of the
30th Annual Conference of the Zoological Society of Israel, University of Tel Aviv,
January 1994, p.12 (Abstract).

Spanier, E., D.E. Barshaw, and S. Ovadia, 1994. Clinging behavior of the Mediterranean
slipper lobster Scyllarides latus. In Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the
Zoological Society of Israel, University of Tel Aviv, January 1994, p.69 (Abstract).

Spanier, E., 1994. Migration of the Mediterranean slipper lobster Scyllarides latus.
Abstracts of the "Orientation and Migration in the Sea" Meeting, Plymouth, England,
April 1994, p. 15 (Abstract).

Spanier, E., 1994. Enhancement of marine biological resources-fisheries and
mariculture towards the 21st Century. Riassunti. xxv Congresso della Societe Italiana di
Biologia Marina, p. 25 (Abstract).

Spanier, E. 1994. Artificial reefs made of fly ash concrete on the Mediterranean
continental shelf of Israel. Abstracts of the Conference on Shore Extensions and
Artificial Islands off the Coast of Israel. Herzliyah, June 16-17, 1994, pp. 19,20 (English
and Hebrew Abstracts).

Barshaw, D. and E. Spanier, 1994. The undiscovered lobster: A first look at the social
behavior of the Mediterranean slipper lobster, Scyllarides latus. Israel Journal of
Zoology, 40: 91-92 (Abstract).

Spanier, E., D.E. Barshaw, and S. Ovadia, 1994. Clinging behavior of the Mediterranean
slipper lobster Scyllarides latus. Israel Journal of Zoology, 40: 113 (Abstract).

Spanier, E., T.P. McKenzie, J.S. Cobb and M. Clancy, 1994. The effect of predation risk
and food deprivation on the behavior of late juvenile American clawed lobsters
Homarus americanus. In Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Zoological
Society of Israel, Technion, Haifa, November 1994, p. 69 (Abstract).

Goffman, O., E. Spanier, D. Kerem and I. Tsur, 1994. Distribution and death of
dolphins along the Mediterranean coast of Israel - a preliminary report. In Proceedings
of the 31st Annual Conference of the Zoological Society of Israel, Technion, Haifa,
November 1994, p. 15 (Abstract).

Spanier, E., and D.E. Barshaw, 1994. Artificial habitats function as protection against
natural predator for commercial species. Bulletin of Marine Science, 55(2+3): 1352-3.
(Abstract)

Spanier, E., T.P. McKenzie, J.S. Cobb and M. Clancy, 1995. Effect of predation and
food deprivation on the behavior of late juvenile American clawed lobsters. Homarus
Americanus. Israel Journal of Zoology, 41: 109 (Abstract).

Goffman, O., E. Spanier, D. Kerem and I. Zur, 1995. Distribution and death of dolphins
along the Mediterranean coast of Israel. Israel Journal of Zoology, 41: 88 (Abstract).

Barshaw, D. and E. Spanier, 1995. The undiscovered lobster: a first look at the social
behavior of the slipper lobster, Scyllarides latus. Abstracts of the 23rd Annual Marine
Benthic Ecology Meeting, March 1995, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. 1p. (Abstract).

Roditi, M., H. Hornung, N. Kress, O. Goffman, E. Spanier and D. Kerem, 1995. Dolphins'
stranding in the Mediterranean Coast of Israel - Why? Proceedings of the 7th
Symposium on the Mediterranean Continental Margins of Israel. Haifa, June 1995, pp.
68-75 (Extended Abstract in English and Hebrew).

Spanier, E. 1995. Whales off the Coast of Israel. In Abstracts of the 2nd Scientific
Meeting on Marine Mammals in Israel, Nahariya,
June 1995, p. 16 (Hebrew Abstract).

Spanier, E. 1995. The Marine Environment Towards the 2000 - Risks and Prospects. In
Abstracts of the 26 Annual Meeting of the Israel Society for Ecology and Environmental
Quality Sciences, Technion, Haifa, July 3-4, 1995, p. 5 (Hebrew Abstract).

Zohar, I., E. Spanier and T. Dayan, 1996. Exploitation of the gray triggerfish Balistes
carolinensis at the beginning of the Holocene. Israel Journal of Zoology, 42: 89.

Spanier, E. 1996. The effect of fish cage on the natural environment on the
Mediterranean continental shelf of Israel - preliminary results. Proceedings of the 8th
Symposium on the Mediterranean Continental Margins of Israel, Haifa, June 1996, p.
20 (Hebrew Abstract).

Roditi, M., H. Hornung, O. Goffman, D. Kerem and E. Spanier, 1996. Tissue trace metal
content in dolphins off the Mediterranean coast of Israel. 10th Annual Conference of
the European Cetacean Society, Lisbon, Portugal, 11-13 March, 1996, p. 68 (Abstract).

Barshaw, D.E., K.L. Lavalli and E. Spanier, 1996. Is offense really the best defense for
decapods? Proceedings of the 6th Colloquium Crustacea Decapoda Mediterranea,
Florence 12-15 September, 1996, pp. 7-8 (Abstract).

Spanier, E., Barshaw, D.E. and K.L. Lavalli, 1996. Developments in the knowledge of
the Mediterranean slipper lobster Scyllarides latus, Proceedings of the 6th Colloquium
Crustacea Decapoda Mediterranea, Florence 12-15 September, 1996, Proceedings of
the 6th Colloquium Crustacea Decapoda Mediterranea, Florence 12-15 September,
1996, p. 85 (Abstract).

Goffman, O., D. Kerem, K.L. Lavalli, M. Roditi and E. Spanier, 1996. Successful herding
of wild dolphins (Tursiops trancatus) out of Haifa Port, Israel via an acoustic wall.
International Marine Animal Trainers’ Association, Abstracts of the 24th Annual
Conference, Australia, November, 1996, p. 16 (Abstract).

Barshaw, D.E., Spanier, E. and K.L. Lavalli, 1996. Comparison of predatory-prey
interactions between three species of Mediterranean lobsters and the Mediterranean
gray triggerfish. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Confernece of the Zoological
Society of Israel, University of Tel Aviv, December 1996, p. 10 (Hebrew Abstract).

Spanier, E., T.P. McKenzie, J.S. Cobb and M. Clancy, 1997. Behavior of juvenile
American lobsters, Homarus americanus under the risk of predation. Abstracts of the
Fifth International Conference and Workshop on Lobster Biology and Management,
Queenstown, New Zealand, February 1997, p. 69 (Abstract).

Lozano-Alvarez, E. and E. Spanier, 1997. Behavior and growth of captive sub-adults
spiny lobsters, Panulirus argus, under the risk of predation. Abstracts of the Fifth
International Conference and Workshop on Lobster Biology and Management,
Queenstown, New Zealand, February 1997, p. 5 (Abstract).

Barshaw, D.E., K.L. Lavalli, and E. Spanier, 1997. Is offense the best defense: A
Comparison of the responses to predation of three species of lobsters. Abstracts of the
Fifth International Conference and Workshop on Lobster Biology and Management,
Queenstown, New Zealand, February 1997, p. 13 (Abstract).

Barshaw, D.E., Spanier, E. and K.L. Lavalli, 1997. Predatory-prey interactions between
three species of Mediterranean lobsters and the gray triggerfish. Israel Journal of
Zoology, 43 (1): 95-96 (Abstract).

Collins, K. J., Figley, W. K. and E. Spanier, 1997. Bio-accumulation studies of tire
artificial reef biota. Abstracts of the Third International Ocean Pollution Symposium
(3IOPS), 7-11 April 1997, Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Ft. Pierce, Florida,
USA. p. 53 (Abstract).

Spanier, E., Kress, N. and M. Tom, 1998. Recent findings regarding the use of coal flyash in marine concrete for artificial reefs. Third Workshop of EARRN (European
Artificial Reef Research Network) - Reef design and materials, Southampton, UK,
January, 1998.5pp (Extended Abstract).

Spanier, E., Kress, N. and M. Tom, 1998. The effect of coal fly-ash consolidated in
concrete on the marine environment - summary of the first 2 years of the study. A
report for the Israel Electric Corporation. ILOR-H 11/98, 48pp. (Technical Report) (in
Hebrew).

Spanier, E., Kress, N. and M. Tom, 1998. The effect of coal fly-ash consolidated in
concrete on the marine environment - preliminary results. In Abstracts of the 29
Annual Meeting of the Israel Society for Ecology and Environmental Quality Sciences,
Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, June 29-30, 1998, p. 137 (Hebrew Abstract).

Spanier, E. and K.L. Lavalli, 1998. Gregarious behavior of slipper lobster and predation
risk. Proceedings of the Annual ConferenceAnimal Behavior Society of America,
Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA. July 1998. p.60. (Abstract)

Spanier, E., 1998. Environmental quality of the Mediterranean coastal waters.
Abstracts of the conference on the Mediterranean as a regio, University of Haifa,
December 1st, 1998. pp. 17- 27. (Extended Abstract in Hebrew).

Roditi, M., O. Goffman, D. Kerem, E. Spanier and Z. Shreib, 1998. Toothed whales
living or visiting the eastern coast of the Mediterranean . In Proceedings of the 35th
Annual Conference of the Zoological Society of Israel, University of Haifa, December
1998, p. 60 (Hebrew Abstract).

Spanier, E., 1999. Artificial reefs in the Mediterranean - Past, Present & Future.
Abstracts of the conference Mare Nostrum - physical, humanistic and cultural aspects
of the Mediterranean. University of Haifa, May, 1999, p. 129 (Hebrew Abstract).

Spanier, E., Kress, N. and M. Tom, 1999. The effect of coal fly-ash consolidated in
concrete on the marine environment. In Proceedings of the 11th Symposium on the
Mediterranean Continental Margins of Israel, University of Haifa, May, 1999, p. 25
(Hebrew Abstract).

Spanier, E., Kress, N. and M. Tom, 1999. Can coal fly-ash be used as an
environmentally safe substitute for sand in marine concrete in the Mediterranean? In
Proceedings of the 7th International Conference of the Israel Society for Ecology and
Environmental Quality Sciences on Environmental Challenges for the Next Millennium.
Jerusalem, Israel, June 13-18, 1999, p. 92. (English Abstract).

Spanier, E., Kress, N. and M. Tom, 1999. The effect of coal fly-ash consolidated in
concrete on the marine environment - a final report for the Israel Electric Corporation.
ILOR-H 1/99, 62pp. (Technical Report) (in Hebrew).

Spanier, E. and E. Menashe, 1999. Predator-prey interactions between the common
octopus, Octopus vulgaris and the Mediterranean slipper lobster, Scyllarides latus –
preliminary results. In Proceedings of the 7th Colloquium Crustacea Decapoda
Mediterranea, Lisbon, Portugal, September 6-9, 1999, p. 111 (English Abstract).

Spanier, E., Kress, N. and M. Tom, 1999. The use of coal fly ash in marine concrete for
artificial reefs in the southeastern Mediterranean. Abstracts of the 7th Conference on
Artificial Reefs and Related Habitats. Sanremo, Italy, 6-11 October, 1999, p. 58
(English Abstract).

Angel, D. L. and E. Spanier, 1999. The potential of artificial reefs to reduce organic
enrichment caused by commercial net cage fish farming in the Gulf of Aqaba (Eilat).
Abstracts of the 7th Conference on Artificial Reefs and Related Habitats. Sanremo,
Italy, 6-11 October, 1999, p. 81 (English Abstract).

Brit, N. and E. Spanier, 2000. Aspects of the ecology of the pearl oyster Pinctada
radiata in the rocky coast of Haifa. In Proceedings of the 12th Symposium on the
Mediterranean Continental Margins of Israel, National Institute of Oceanography, IOLR,
Haifa, June 2000, p. 1-2 (Hebrew Abstract).

Roditi-Elsar M., H. Hornung, D. Kerem, E. Spanier, N. Kress and O. Goffman, 2000.
Marine pollution as a cause of morbidity in dolphins - evidence from concentrations of
pollutants in bones of dolphins from archaeological excavations and bones and tissues
of dolphins found recently along the Mediterranean Israeli coast. In Abstracts of the 30
Annual Meeting of the Israel Society for Ecology and Environmental Quality
Sciences, Haifa, June 19-20, 2000, p. 28 (Hebrew Abstract).

Spanier, E. And K. Lavalli, 2000. Does gregarious behavior function as an anti-predator
mechanism in the Mediterranean slipper lobster, Scyllarides latus, and is the common
octopus, Octopus vulgaris, a predator of this lobster? In Abstracts of the 6th
International Conference and Workshop on Lobster Biology and Management, Key
West, Florida, September 10-15, 2000. p. 71. (English Abstract).

Tarsitano, S. T., K. Lavalli and E. Spanier, 2000. Life under lobster carapace; tubular
structures found. IN Abstracts of the 6th International Conference and Workshop on
Lobster Biology and Management, Key West, Florida, September 10-15, 2000. p. 99.
(English Abstract).

Spanier, E., N. Eden, S. Breitstein, A. Yurman, T. Katz and D. Angel, 2000. Dynamics of
fish communities in the vicinity of caged fish aquaculture farms in the Northern Gulf of
Elat (Aqaba). In Proceedings of the 37th Annual Conference of the Zoological Society
of Israel, Tel-Aviv University of Haifa, December 2000, p. 49 (Hebrew Abstract).

Spanier, E., N. Eden, S. Breitstein, A. Yurman, T. Katz and D. Angel, 2000. Dynamics of
fish communities in the vicinity of caged fish aquaculture farms in the Northern Gulf of
Elat (Aqaba) . Israel Journal of Zoology, 47: 195 (English Abstract).

Angel, D. L., E. Spanier, N. Eden and T. Katz, 2001. Using biofilters to reduce effluent
dispersal from marine net-pen fish farms. In Abstracts of the Aquatic Sciences meeting
of the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography:“Making connections in the
21th Century”, Albuquerque, NM, USA, February 12-16, 2001, ss34. (English Abstract).

Spanier, E., D. Angel, N. Eden, S. Breitstein, A. Yurman, T. Katz and Y. Zilbiger, 2001.
The potential use of artificial reefs and bio-filters to reduce the environmental impact
of caged fish aquaculture farms in the Northern Gulf of Eilat. In Abstracts of the 31
Annual Meeting of the Israel Society for Ecology and Environmental Quality Sciences,
Tel Aviv, May 2, 2001, p. 37 (Hebrew Abstract).

Brit, N. and E. Spanier, 2001. Aspect of the ecology of the pearl oyster, Pinctada
radiata, in the rocky coast of Haifa. In Abstracts of the 31 Annual Meeting of the Israel
Society for Ecology and Environmental Quality Sciences, Tel Aviv, May 2, 2001, p. 9
(Hebrew Abstract).

Angel, D. L., E. Spanier, N. Eden, T. Katz, A. Yurman and S. Breitstein, 2001. A new
approach to sustainable mariculture: stimulating “natural” biofilters to capture fish
farm waste. In Abstracts of the Open Ocean Aquaculture IV, St. Andrews, NB,
Canada,June 17 –20, 2001, pp. 20-22. (English Abstract).

Spanier, E., O. Sonin , D. Levi, P. Rizzo and M. G. Andreoli.,2002. Nanism In
Mediterranean Fish - A Comparison between Red Mullet from the Southeastern and
Central Mediterranean. In Abstracts of the 9th International Congress on the
Zoogeography and Ecology of Greece and Adjacent Regions, Thessaloniki, 22-25 May,
2002, pp. 121 -122. (English Abstract).

Spanier, E., O. Sonin , D. Levi, P. Rizzo and M. G. Andreoli.,2002. Does size count? Nanism in the Red Mullet from the Mediterranean continental margins of Israel in
comparison to Sicily environment. In Proceedings of the 14th Symposium on the
Mediterranean Continental Margins of Israel, University of Haifa, May, 2002, pp. 31-34
(Hebrew Abstract).

Spanier E., 2002. Biology and conservation of lobsters - the behavioral ecology point of
view. In Abstracts of the 8th Colloquium Crustacea Decapoda Mediterranea, 2-6
September 2002, Corfu Island, Greece. p. 94. (English abstract).

Tarsitano, S. F., Lavalli, K. L., Horne, F. and Spanier, E., 2002. Biomechanical aspects
of the lobster carapace. In Abstracts of the 8th Colloquium Crustacea Decapoda
Mediterranea,2-6 September 2002, Corfu Island, Greece. p. 96. (English abstract).

Malcom, C., Lavalli, K. L., and Spanier, E., 2002. Functional morphology of the
perieopod setae of slipper lobsters (Sc des latus, S. aequinoctialis, and S. nodifer)In
Abstracts of the 8th Colloquium Crustacea Decapoda Mediterranea, 2-6 September
2002, Corfu Island, Greece. pp. 75 - 76. (English abstract).

Bianchini, M.L., S. Ragonese and E. Spanier, 2002. Restocking and genetic variability of
the Mediterranean slipper lobster, Scyllarides latus, in Sicily. In Abstracts of the 7th
Bordeaux Aquaculture and Environmental Symposium, Bordeaux, France, September,
18-20, 2002, p. 27. (English abstract).

Bianchini, M.L., S. Ragonese and E. Spanier, 2002. Repeuplement et variabilité
génétique de la cigale de mer, Scyllarides latus, en Sicile. Cahier de l'Agriculture, 3PP.
(Extended French abstract).

E. Spanier, E. , D. L. Angel, A. Tsemel, N. Eden, T. Katz, A. Yurman, S. Breitstein and
A. Roitemberg, 2002.The potential use of artificial reefs and bio-filters to reduce the
environmental impact caused by commercial net cage fish farming. Sea Farming today
and tomorrow. Abstract and extended communications, Aquaculture Europe 2002,
Trieste, Italy, October 16-19, 2002.European Aquaculture Society, Special Publication
No. 32, pp. 490 – 491. (Extended abstract).

Lojen, S., A. Malej, D. L. Angel, N. Eden, E. Spanier, M. Tsapakis, I. Karakassis, E.
Cook and K. Black, 2002. Biofiltration and aquaculture: a stable isotope study. Sea
Farming today and tomorrow. Abstract and extended communications, Aquaculture
Europe 2002, Trieste,Italy, October 16-19, 2002.European Aquaculture Society, Special
Publication No. 32, pp. 306 – 307. (Extended abstract).

Glazer, A. Spanier, E., Abelson, A. and L. Hyams, 2002. Characterization of biofouling
communities on artificial substrates in the cooling-water system of the "Orot Rabin"
power station in the southeastern Mediterranean, Israel.) . Israel Journal of Zoology,
48: 169 – 170. (English Abstract).

Spanier, E., O. Sonin , D. Levi, P. Rizzo and M. G. Andreoli.,2002. Nanism in the Red
Mullets from the Southeastern Mediterranean. In Abstracts of the 32 Annual Meeting of
the Israel Society for Ecology and Environmental Quality Sciences, Tel Aviv,December
18, 2002, p. 28 (Hebrew Abstract).

Tsmel, A and E. Spanier, 2002. Development of sessile invertebrates on artificial
substrate near the fish farms as a mean to reduce the organic load in the Gulf of Eilat.
In Abstracts of the 32 Annual Meeting of the Israel Society for Ecology and
Environmental Quality Sciences, Tel Aviv, December 18, 2002, p. 29 (Hebrew Abstract).

Spanier, E. and D. Weihs. 2004. Hydrodynamic aspects of locomotion in the
Mediterranean slipper lobster, Scyllarides latus. In proceedings of the 7th International
Conference and Workshop on lobster biology and management, Tasmania, Australia, 8 13 February, 2004, p. 61.

Ethad, E. and E. Spanier, 2004. Fish caught in the filters of the electric power station
in Haifa in comparison to environmental conditions. In Abstracts of the 33 Annual
Meeting of the Israel Society for Ecology and Environmental Quality Sciences, Tel Aviv,
June 9-10, 2004, p. 27 (Hebrew Abstract).

Ben-Tur, Y. and E. Spanier, 2004. Estimation of the distribution of the Ciguatera
poisoning in edible rabbit fish, Siganus spp. In the Mediterranean coasts of Israel. In
Abstracts of the 33 Annual Meeting of the Israel Society for Ecology and Environmental
Quality Sciences, Tel Aviv, June 9-10, 2004, p. 34 (Hebrew Abstract).

Spanier, E. and D. Weihs. 2004. Hydrodynamic aspects of locomotion in the
Mediterranean slipper lobster, Scyllarides latus In Proceedings of the 41th Annual
Conference of the Zoological Society of Israel, University of Haifa, December 2004, p.
98 (Hebrew Abstract).

Ben-Tur, Y. and E. Spanier, 2004. Estimation of the distribution of the Ciguatera
poisoning in edible rabbit fish, Siganus spp. In the Mediterranean coasts of Israel. In
Proceedings of the 41th Annual Conference of the Zoological Society of Israel,
University of Haifa, December 2004, p. 97 (Hebrew Abstract).

Scheinin, A., Kerem, D., Goffman, O. & E. Spanier, 2004. Rare occurrences of
cetaceans along the Israeli Mediterranean coast. FINS - Newsletter of ACCOBAMS
(Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and
Contiguous Atlantic Area) 1(1), 10-11 (An article in a newsletter).

Spanier, E., A. Tsemel, D. L. Angel, S. Lojen, N. Eden, T. Katz. 2005. Can mid- water
artificial structures be used to reduce organic loading from net cage mariculture? In
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Artificial Reefs and Artificial
Habitats, Biloxi, MS, USA, April 11-14, 2005. P. 68.

Spanier, E. and D. Weihs. 2005. Hydrodynamic aspects of locomotion in the
Mediterranean slipper lobster, Scyllarides latus. In Symposium 10-Behavour,
proceedings of the Sixth International Crustacean Congress, Glasgow, Scotland, UK, 1822 July 2005.p. 107.

Edelist, D. and Spanier, E. 2006.The impact of Artificial Reefs in the Mediterranean on
the fish assemblage in their natural habitat. In Abstracts of the 3d Annual Conference
of the Israeli Associations of Aquatic Sciences, University of Haifa, May, 2006, pp.1516. (English Abstract)

Edelist, D.and Spanier, E. 2006.The impact of Artificial Reefs in the Mediterranean on
the fish assemblage in their natural habitat In Abstracts of the 34 Annual Meeting of
the Israel Society for Ecology and Environmental Quality Sciences, Haifa, June 26-27,
2006, 2 pp. 34 (Hebrew and English Abstracts).

Spanier, E. 2006. Selected topics in artificial reef research in Israel. In: Proceeding of
the International Forum on the future development of constructed reefs in Taiwan,
Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, September 2006 (J. Rong-Quen, D. J. Sheehy & K.-T.
Shao, eds.) p.73-84.

Spanier, E. and D. L. Angel, 2006.Benthic artificial reefs and mid-water artificial
substrates in the northern gulf of Aqaba: biodiversity and potential environmental
applications In Proceedings of the International Workshop on the High Biodiversity of
the Gulf of Aqaba: origin, dimension and protection, October 16-23, Jerusalem-Eilat,
Israel. P. 52.

Spanier, E. and Edelist, D. 2006. The impact of Artificial Reefs in the Mediterranean
coast of Israel on the fish assemblage of the surroundings natural rocky habitat. In
Proceedings of the 43d Annual Conference of the Zoological Society of Israel, The
Open University, Ranana, December 2006, p. 98 (Hebrew Abstract).

Gweta S., Bentur Y. and Spanier E. 2006.Injuries of fishermen by marine animals in the
Mediterranean coastal water of Israel. In Abstracts of the 3d Annual Conference of the
Israeli Associations of Aquatic Sciences, University of Haifa, May, 2006, pp.18,24
(English & Hebrew abstracts).

Goffman O., Granit S-L., Hadar N., Kerem D., Podialis V., Kent R., Ratner, E., RoditiElsar M., Scheinin, A. and E. Spanier, 2006. Cetacean species in Israeli Mediterranean
waters: update 200-2006. In Abstracts of the 3d Annual Conference of the Israeli
Associations of Aquatic Sciences, University of Haifa, May, 2006, p.21, (English &
Hebrew abstracts).

Spanier E. 2006. Injuries of fishermen by marine animals in the Mediterranean coastal
water of Israel Abstracts of the 34 Annual Meeting of the Israel Society for Ecology and
Environmental Quality Sciences, Haifa, June 26-27, 2006, 2 pp. (Hebrew and English
Abstracts).

Spanier, E. 1976. Using UVOXX in fish hatchery Report #I. Yissum Company, University
of Haifa Ltd. 8 pp. (Technical Report).

Spanier, E. 1976. Using UVOXX in fish hatchery ?Report #II. Yissum Company,
University of Haifa Ltd. 9 pp. (Technical Report).

Spanier, E. 1980. The use of ultraviolet liquid sterilizer for drinking water of chickens. A
Report of the Applied Scientific Research Co. University of Haifa Ltd. 11 pp. (Technical
Report).

Spanier, E. 1981. Whales on Israel's Coasts? Israel Land and Nature. Fall 1981:32-33.
(non-Scientific paper)

Spanier, E. and I. Ziderman, 1982. The purple and Tekhelet "Mada", 26(4): 184-189. (In
Hebrew). (Review article)

Spanier, E., U. Fiedler and G. Almog-Shtayer, 1989. Ecology of the Mediterranean
Slipper Lobster. The Lobster Newsletter, 2: 1-2. (a paper in a newsletter)

Spanier, E. 1989. Range extension. The Lobster Newsletter, 2: 3. (A paper in a
newsletter).

Almog-Shtayer, G., and Spanier, E. 1990. Mediterranean lobsters in ancient times. The
Lobster Newsletter. 3(2): 5, 12. (A paper in a newsletter).

Spanier, E. and D. Weihs. 1992. Why do shovel-nosed (slipper) lobsters have shovels?
The Lobster Newsletter, 5(1): 8-9. (A paper in a newsletter).

Spanier, E. and D.E. Barshaw. 1993. Review of session 5 (4th International Lobster
Workshop): Aquaculture. The Lobster Newsletter, 6(2): 5-6. (A review in a newsletter).

Spanier, E., 1994. Marine animals dangerous for SCUBA divers. Diving, 2 (April, 1994):
42-49 (in Hebrew).

Spanier, E., 1994. Artificial reefs based on coal flyash on the Mediterranean continental
shelf of Israel, Environmental Quality, 6 (March-April, 1994): 31-33 (in Hebrew).

Spanier, E., 1997. Animals dangerous for SCUBA divers in the coastal waters of Israel.
Diving, 12 (September, 1997), 34-38 (in Hebrew).