Debreceni Egyetem
A környezetgazdálkodási mérnöki, illetve a természetvédelmi és vadgazda
mérnöki alapképzési (BSc) szakok képesítési követelményeinek kidolgozása, a
szakok beindítása. HEFOP- 3.3.1-P.-2004-09-0071/1.0 projekt
Course description
1. Title of the course: Climatology
2. Name and title of the lecturer:
3. Name of the degree programme: BSC in Agricultural and Environmental Management
4. Type of course: optinal C
5. Schedule of education: first semester, 2+1K
6. Credit value of the course: 2
7. Educational objective: During the course we introduce the climate of the Earth together
with the influencing elements. One of the most important subjects is the climate of Hungary.
The climate of the country will be followed on different parts of Hungary by analysing the
distribution of meteorological elements one by one.
8. Personnel background: lecturer: Angela Anda, Professor
9. Course content:
1. week Definition of climate of a well determined place of the Earth. Position of climatology
as a research area between branches of natural sciences. Relative disciplines being with close
connection with meteorology and climatology.
The weather and the climate: important similarities and differences.
2. week Characterisation of the atmosphere, the subject of observations. Basic physical
properties of the air mass.
3-4. weeks Consequences as a result of modifying the components of the air.
Global problems of our days:
1. Decreasing gas content of the ozone layer in the stratosphere. Causes and
consequences with effort made of solving the problem. International contracts in saving the
ozone content of the stratosphere.
Debreceni Egyetem
Pannon Egyetem
Debreceni Egyetem
A környezetgazdálkodási mérnöki, illetve a természetvédelmi és vadgazda
mérnöki alapképzési (BSc) szakok képesítési követelményeinek kidolgozása, a
szakok beindítása. HEFOP- 3.3.1-P.-2004-09-0071/1.0 projekt
2. Increasing level of greenhouse effect. Springs and sources of gas CO2. The “greenhouse”
effect substituting with all of the gases cause the phenomenon. Gas concentrations of the
greenhouse gases from the industrial revolution until know. The role of IPCC. Situation in
Hungary with showing possible scenarios for 2100.
5-6. weeks Basics in radiation- heat and water balance components.
7. week Factors determining the climate. The main factor, the governor of the system is the
Sun radiation. Determination of its influence on two levels: on astronomical one and by taking
into account the influence of the air. The role of the surface features in modification of the
energy use (the alterations in composition of the surface, height above the see level,
exposure). The antropogen effect as a cause of global environmental problems (see also
above).
Distribution of the climatic elements: radiation, air temperature, air pressure-wind, humidity,
precipitation on the Earth. The belts.
8-11. weeks Climate classification systems. Dynamic, practical, and written classifications
with examples.
The climate of the Earth after Trewartha. The main categories are substituted with belts of
natural crop covers. The main belts are as follows:
A. Tropical humid climates
B. Dry climates
C. Warm temperate climates
D. Cold temperature climates
E. Polar climates
F. Highland climates
More details are included completing the main categories with additional sub-categories:
The tropical humid climates
A1. Tropical wet climate
A2. Savannah (tropical wet and dry) climate
Debreceni Egyetem
Pannon Egyetem
Debreceni Egyetem
A környezetgazdálkodási mérnöki, illetve a természetvédelmi és vadgazda
mérnöki alapképzési (BSc) szakok képesítési követelményeinek kidolgozása, a
szakok beindítása. HEFOP- 3.3.1-P.-2004-09-0071/1.0 projekt
B Dry climates
B1. Deserts on low latitudes
B2. Steppen or semiarid climates on low latitudes
B3. Deserts on middle latitudes
B4. Steppen or semiarid climates on middle latitudes
C Warm temperate climates
C1. Mediterranean climate
C2. Wet subtropical
C3 Oceanic climate
D. Continental climates
D1. Wet continental with long summer
D2. Wet continental with short summer
D3. Sub-arctic
E Polar climate
E1. Tundra
E2. Ice cap
F Highland climate (many sided, determined by given geographical position)
12-14. weeks Climate of Hungary: a general overlook. Smaller spatial differences are
presented by drawing separate meteorological elements. Radiation conditions of Hungary
(annual global radiation sum, sunshine duration). Spatial and temporal changes in
distributions of solar radiation. Air temperature in winter and summer seasons on different
places of the country. Extreme temperature values in Hungary: the characterization of
continental climate. The humidity of the air by studying two parameters of humidity: The
vapor pressure and relative humidity of the air. Wind conditions of the basin; the average
wind speed at close to the soil surface and prevailing wind directions (place of the wind
tunnel). Distributions of windy and calm periods in Hungary. Precipitation (rain and snow) of
Debreceni Egyetem
Pannon Egyetem
Debreceni Egyetem
A környezetgazdálkodási mérnöki, illetve a természetvédelmi és vadgazda
mérnöki alapképzési (BSc) szakok képesítési követelményeinek kidolgozása, a
szakok beindítása. HEFOP- 3.3.1-P.-2004-09-0071/1.0 projekt
the country resulted from special geographical position (Carpathian basin). “Capricious”
phenomenon of our weather: causes and consequences.
10. Mode of assessment during the semester: one written examination
11. Type of exam: oral examination
12. Compulsory practice related to the course: 13. Compulsory and recommended literature:
Anda, A. és Kocsis, T. 2006. Szemelvények meteorológiából és éghajlattanból alapszakos
(BSc) hallgatók számára. Jegyzet, PE GMK Keszthely, pp: 134.
Péczely, Gy. 1997. Éghajlattan. Tankönyvkiadó, Budapest
14. Exam themes:
1. Define the phrase of climate with it’s role between natural sciences!
2. What is the relationship between weather and climate?
3. What is the atmosphere? Which are the most important features of the air mass?
4. Show the stratification of the atmosphere with the roles of different layers!
5. What are the state variables of the atmosphere? Show them separately!
6. Introduce a hypothesis on the formation of the atmosphere!
7. How many global problems do you know in the atmosphere?
8. Characterize the features of the Sun radiation!
9. Show the heat balance!
10. The global circulation and the water balance.
11. Recount the factors forming the climate of a given geographical area!
12. Give more details of forming role of the Show!
13. Show the role of the surface in forming the climate of the Earth!
14. Count down the belts of climatic elements one by one!
15. What kind of classification systems are used in the climate?
16. Meet the main categories (capitol letters) of Trewartha system!
17. Characterize the tropical humid climate!
Debreceni Egyetem
Pannon Egyetem
Debreceni Egyetem
A környezetgazdálkodási mérnöki, illetve a természetvédelmi és vadgazda
mérnöki alapképzési (BSc) szakok képesítési követelményeinek kidolgozása, a
szakok beindítása. HEFOP- 3.3.1-P.-2004-09-0071/1.0 projekt
18. Characterize the dry climates!
19. Characterize the temperate climate!
20. Characterize the polar and highland climates!
21. Introduce Hungary to different classification systems!
22. Characterize the radiation properties of Hungary!
23. Characterize the temperature of Hungary!
24. Characterize the humidity in Hungary!
25. Characterize the wind conditions of Hungary!
26. Characterize the precipitation of Hungary!
Debreceni Egyetem
Pannon Egyetem