Neonatal-Perinatal Fellowship Publications (last 5 years): Locke R, Maxwell M, Leatham J, Schwartz A, Leef K, Locke K. Peripartum Depression: Efficacy of a Prenatal Prevention and Intervention Program. Pediatric Research 1999;45(4,2 of 2):105A. Spear ML, Hassink SG, Leef K, O’Connor D, Kirwin S, Moran M, deLancey E, Spitzer AR, Funanage VL. Leptin Predicts Somatic Growth in the Premature Infant. Pediatric Research 45(4): 291A, 1999. Paul DA, Leef KH, Sciscione A, Stefano JL. Risk of Intraventricular hemorrhage in very low birth weight infants: Vaginal vs cesarean delivery. Pediatric Research 45:218, 1999. Attardi DM, Paul DA, Tuttle DJ, McCloskey JJ, Leef KH, JS Greenspan. Endotracheal intubation in awake versus sedated premature infants; a randomized double blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pediatric Research 45:183, 1999. Guida JD, Paul DA, Leef, KH, Stefano JL. Differences in total white blood cell counts and absolute neutrophil counts between very low birth weight African American and Caucasian neonates. Pediatric Research 45:262, 1999. Touch SM, Leef, KH, Pearlman SA, Stefano JL, Paul DA. Outcomes in twin pairs: is the smaller twin at greater risk? Pediatric Research 45:257, 1999. Paul DA, Locke R, Lankiewicz M, Stefano JL. Reduced blood donor exposure with 42 day-old AS-3 preserved red blood cells. Pediatric Research 45:264, 1999. Paul DA, Kepler J, Leef KH, Sciscione A, Palmer C, Stefano JL. Effect of preeclampsia on mortality, intraventricular hemorrhage and need for mechanical ventilation in very low birth weight infants. American Journal of Perinatology 15:381-386,1998. Also reprinted in Neonatal Intensive Care 12:25-32,1999. Paul DA, Greenspan JS, Davis DA, Russo P, Antunes M. The role of cardiopulmonary bypass and surfactant in pulmonary decompensation following surgery for congenital heart disease. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 117:1025-1026, 1999. Paul DA, Pearlman SA, Finkelstein MS, Stefano JL. Cranial Sonography in very low birth weight infants: do all infants need to be screened? Clinical Pediatrics 38:503-509, 1999. Finer NN, Horbar JD, Carpenter JH (Pearlman SA, Leef KH as part of the Vermont Oxford Network). Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in the very low birth weight infant: the Vermont oxford network experience. Pediatrics 1999;104:428434. Paul DA, Leef KH, Sciscione A, Tuttle DJ, Stefano JL. Preeclampsia does no increase the risk for culture proven sepsis in very low birth weight infants. American Journal of Perinatology 16:365-372, 1999. Dembofsky C, Gibson E, Greenspan J: Assessment of infant CPR rescue breathing technique: Relationship of Infant and caregiver facial measurements. Pediatrics, 103(2), pp. e17, February, 1999. Dembofsky CA, Gibson E, Nadkarni V, Robin S, Greenspan JS: Assessment of Infant Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Rescue Breathing Technique: Relationship of Infant and Caregiver Facial Measurements. Pediatrics 1999; 103(2). Driska SP, Laudadio RE. Wolfson MR, Shaffer TH. Isolation of elongated tracheal smooth muscle cells from adult and preterm sheep by digestion with papain. J Appl Physiol86(1):427-435,1999. Greenspan JS, Wolfson MR, Shaffer TH. Liquid Ventialtion: Clinical Experiences. Biomedical Instrumentation and Technology 1999;33:253-259. 54. Shaffer TH, Wolfson MR, Greenspan JS. Liquid Ventilation: Current Status. Neo Reviews. American Academy of Pediatrics, Accepted for publication, December, 1999. Greenspan, JS, MR Wolfson, and TH Shaffer: Liquid ventilation: Clinical experiences. Biomed Instrum Technol.33(3):253-259,1999 Heckman, JL, J Hoffman, TH Shaffer, and MR Wolfson: Software for real-time control of a tidal liquid ventilator. Biomed Instrum Technol.33(3):268-276,1999. Leung JC, Spear ML, Locke R, Epps S. Developmental Changes in Family Reactions during their infant’s prolonged hospitalization in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Pediatric Research 1999;45(4,2 of 2)207A Major D, Cloutier R, Fournier L, Shaffer TH, Wolfson MR. Improved pulmonary function after surgical reduction of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in lambs. J Ped Surg 34: 426-429,1999 Miller TF, B Milestone, R Stern, TH Shaffer, and MR Wolfson. Efffect of Single Vs. Multiple Dosing on Perfluorochemical Distribution and Elimination Profile During Partial Liquid Ventilation. Liquid ventilation. Pediatr Pulmonol 27: 410-418,1999. Philips, CM, C Weis, WW Fox, MR Wolfson, and TH Shaffer: On-line techniques for perfluorochemical vapor sampling and measurement. Biomed Instrum Technol. 33(4): 348-355,1999. Shaffer TH and Wolfson MR: Liquid Ventilation - State -of-the-Art, Part 1 An editorial. Biomed Instrum Technol. 33(4):251-252,1999. Wolfson, MR, TF Miller, G Peck and TH Shaffer: Multifactorial analysis of exchanger and liquid conservation during perfluorochemical liquid assisted ventilation. Biomed Instrum Technol.33(3):260-267,1999. Paul DA, Leef KH, Sciscione A, Stefano JL. Antenatal Management of Very Low Birth Weight Infants: Inborn vs Outborn. Pediatric Research 47, 423A, 2000. Gelman SB, Biridepalli S, Leef KH, Paul DA, Stefano JL. Growth at One Year in Very Low Birth Weight Infants. Pediatric Research 47, 310A, 2000. Paul DA, Leef KH, Taylor S, McKenzie S. The Role of Thrombopoietin in Neonatal Thrombocytopenia Secondary to Preeclampsia. Pediatric Research 47, 334 A, 2000. Paul DA, Leef KH, Taylor S, McKenzie S. Thrombopoietin Response in Infants with Sepsis and Thrombocytopenia. Pediatric Research 47, 335 A, 2000. Resto M, Nadkarni V, Tice L, Tuckosh J, Cox T, Mass K, Pearlman S. Distribution and effect of central arterial versus central venous epinephirne administration in a pocine model of neonatal cardiac arrest and mechanical CPR. J Perinatology 20, 463, 2000. Locke R, Leef K, McGreevey T, Stefano J. Nonthermoregulatory Effects of Supplemental Incubator Humidity in Premature Infants. Pediatric Research 2000;47(4:2/2):413A Paul DA, Leef KH, Stefano JL. Increased white blood cells in infants with intraventricular hemorrhage. Pediatric Neurology 22:194-199, 2000. Paul DA, Leef KH, Stefano JL, Bartoshesky L. Thyroid function in very low birth weight infants with intraventricular hemorrhage. Clinical Pediatrics 39:651-656, 2000. Porcelli, P, Schanler R, Greer F, Chan G, Gross S, Mehta N, Spear M, Kerner J, Euler AR. Growth in human milk-fed very low birth weight infants receiving a new human milk fortifier. Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism 44; 2 – 10, 2000. Al-Rahmani, A, K Awaid, TF Miller, MR Wolfson, and TH Shaffer: Effects of partial liquid ventilation with perfluorodecalin in the juvenile rabbit lung following saline injury. Crit Care Med 28(5):1459-1464, 2000 Beers MF, Hamvas A, Moxley MP, Gonzales LW, Guttentag SH, Solarin KO, Nogee LM, Ballard PL: Pulmonary Surfactant Metabolism in Infants Lacking Surfactant Protein B. American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. 22(3) 380-91, March 2000 Gibson E, Culhane J, Saunders T, Webb D, Greenspan J: Effect of nonviable infants on the infant mortality rate. American Journal of Public Health 90(5), pp14, 2000 Gibson E, Dembofsky C, Greenspan JS. Infant sleep position two years into the "Back to Sleep" campaign. Clinical Pediatrics, 39(5), 285-289, 2000.57. Greenspan JS, Wolfson MR, Shaffer TH: Liquid Ventilation. Seminars in Perinatology, 24(6), 396-405, 2000. Greenspan, JS, MR Wolfson, and Shaffer, TH: Liquid Ventilation. Seminars in Perinatology 24(6):396 405, 2000 Bernstein IM, Horbar JD, Badger GJ, Ohlsson A, Golan A for the Vermont Oxford Network Pearlman SA. Morbidity and mortality among very low birth weight neonates with intrauterine growth restriction. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;182:198-206. Libros R, CM Philips, MR Wolfson, and TH Shaffer: A perfluorochemical loss/restoration(L/R) system for tidal liquid ventilation. Biomed Instrum & Technol. 34(5): 351-360, 2000. Libros R, CM Philips, MR Wolfson, TH Shaffer. A perfluorochemical loss/restoration (L/R) system for tidal liquid ventilation. Biomed Instrum Technol. 34(5):351-360,2000. Lofland JH, Touch SM, O'Connor JP, Chatterton ML, Moxey ED, Paddock LE, Nash DB and Desai SA: Palivizumab for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prophylaxis in High-Risk Infants: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. Clinical Therapeutics,22(1):1357-1369, 2000. Shaffer, TH, JS Greenspan, and MR Wolfson: Liquid Ventilation: Trials and Tribulations. Biology of the Neonate 78(3):264-266, 2000 Weis C, WW Fox, CM Philips, MR Wolfson, and T.H. Shaffer: Liquid -Assisted ventilation; Effect of initial dosing volume on elimination from the lungs. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 30(4):324-329, 2000. Wolfson, MR and TH Shaffer: Liquid Ventilation. News & Views, Life Sciences Publishing, No. 16:67, 2000. Hersberger ML, Peeke KL, Levett J, Spear ML. Effect of sleep position on apnea and bradycardia in high rish infants. JPerinatol 21:85-89, 2001. Resto M, O’Connor D, Leef K, Spear ML, Locke RL. Leptin levels in preterm human breast milk and infant formula. Pediatrics 108:E15, 2001 Chappell SE, MR Wolfson and TH Shaffer: A comparison of surfactant delivery with conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) and partial liquid ventilation(PLV) in meconium aspiration injury. Respiration Med. 95: 612-617, 2001 Chappell SE, MR Wolfson, TH Shaffer: A comparison of surfactant delivery with conventional mechanical ventilation and partial liquid ventilation in meconium aspiration injury. Resp Medicine 95:612-617,2001 Spear ML, Hassink SG, Leef K, O’Connor DM, Kirwin SM, Locke R, Gorman R, Funanage VL. Immaturity or starvation? Longitudinal study of leptin levels in premature infants. Biology of the Neonate. 80:35-40, 2001. Pearlman SA, Leef KH (as part of the Vermont Oxford Network Study Group). Early postnatal dexamethasone therapy for the prevention of chronic lung disease. Pediatrics. 108:741-748, 2001. Paul DA, Leef KH, Voss B, Stefano JL, Bartoshesky L. Thyroxine and Illness Severity in Low Birth Weight Infants. Thyroid 11:871-875, 2001. Paul DA, Epps S, Leef KH, Stefano JL. Prenatal consultation with a neonatologist prior to preterm delivery. Journal of Perinatology. 21:431-437, 2001. Paul DA, Epps S, Leef KH, Stefano JL. Prenatal consultation with a neonatologist prior to preterm delivery. Journal of Perinatology. 21:431-437, 2001. Chen JS, Agnissey KA, Wolfson MR, Shaffer TH: Experimental and numerical studies of heat transfer in human uteri during cryoablation." Proceedings of MECE 2002 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, New Orleans, LA, November 17-22, 2001. Coleman M, Spear ML, Pearlman SA, Gross GW, Finkelstein M, Leef KH, Taylor S, McKenzie SE. Umbilical Artery Catheter Thrombosis: Detection by Ultrasound and Association with Thrombin-Antithrombin III (TAT). Pediatric Research 49, 396A, 2001. Coleman MM, Spear ML, Pearlman SA, Finkelstein M, Leef KH, Taylor SM, McKenzie SE. Umbilical Artery Catheter Thrombosis: Detection by Ultrasound and Association with TAT, F1.2 and Platelet Count. Journal of Perinatology 21, 504, 2001. Cox CA, AB Cullen, MR Wolfson, and TH Shaffer: Intratracheal administration of PFC-Gentamicin suspension: A comparison to IV administration in normal and injured lungs. Pediatr Pulmonol. 32: 142-151, 2001 Cullen AB, Touch SM, Greenspan JS, Wolfson MR, Shaffer TH: Thermal Responses During Neonatal Transition with a Hybrid Warming Device. FASEB Journal, 2001. Foust R, C Cox, JM Davis, MR Wolfson, TF Miller, S Horowitz, TH Shaffer: Pulmonary antioxidant enzyme (AOE) activity during early development: effect of ventilation. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2:63-68,2001. Foust, R, S Horowitz, JM Davis, J Tierney, C Cox, MR Wolfson, N Kechner, TF Miller, and TH Shaffer: Pulmonary antioxidant enzyme activity during early development: Effect of ventilation. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2(1): 63-68, 2001. Greenspan JS, Cullen AB, Touch SM, Wolfson MR, Shaffer TH: Thermal Stability and Transition Studies with a Hybrid Warming Device for Neonates. J of Perinatol, 21:167-173, 2001. Jeng MJ, D Trevisanuto, C M Weis, WW Fox, AB Cullen, MR Wolfson, and TH Shaffer: The Role of Ventilation Strategy on Perfluorochemical (PFC) Evaporation from the Lungs. J Appl Physiol. 90(4):1365-1372, 2001. Jeng MJ, D Trevisanuto, CM Weis, WM Fox, MR Wolfson, TH Shaffer: The role of ventilation strategy on perfluorochemical (PFC) evaporation from the lungs. J Appl Physiol 90(4):1365-72,2001. Miller, TF, BN Milestone, RG Stern, TH Shaffer and MR Wolfson: Effects of perfluorochemical distribution and elimination dynamics on cardiopulmonary function. J Appl Physiol 90: 839-849,2001. Naksad B, Wolfson MR, Aspelin T, Lindemann R, Shaffer TH, Fugelseth D, Lybert T: Perfluorochemical (PFC) liquids do not simulate endohelin-1 or nitric oxide production in human blood leukocytes. Biol Neonate 80(4): 267-272, 2001 Nakstad, B, MR Wolfson, H Kalhter , R Lindemann, TH Shaffer, D Fugelseth, and T Lyberg: Perfluorochemical (PFC) liquids modulates cell-mediated inflammatory responses. Crit Care Med. 29(9):1731-1737, 2001 Shaffer TH and MR Wolfson: Efficacy of specific perfluorocarbons for use in partial liquid ventilation(To the Editor- Authors Reply). Crit Care Med. 29(4):916917, 2001 Shaffer TH, AB Cullen, and MR Wolfson: Immature airways at risk. MD Vista Journal of Medicine, URL. March, 2001 Solarin KO, Wang W, Beers MF: Synthesis and Post-translational Processing of Surfactant Protein-C. Journal of Pediatric Pathology and Molecular Medicine. 20: 471-500, November 2001 St Clair N, Touch SM, Greenspan JS. Supplemental oxygen delivery to the nonventilated neonate. Neonatal Network, 20: 2001. Touch S, Kornhauser M, O'Connor J, Greenspan JS, Spitzer AR, Nash D. Variations in the Day of the Week of Discharge: An Example of Unwarranted Variation? Pediatrics, 107:73-77, 2001. Touch SM, Greenspan JS, Cullen AB, Wolfson MR, Shaffer TH. Temperature and heater responses during transition between radiant and incubator thermal environment in newborn preterm lambs. Biol Neonate 80:286-294,2001. Touch SM, Greenspan, JS, Cullen AB, Wolfson MR, Shaffer TH: Temperature and heater responses during transition between radiant and incubator thermal environment in newborn preterm lambs, Biology of the Neonate, 80:286-294, 2001. Mantell LL, Horowitz S, Foust R, Wolfson MR, Cox CA, Shaffer TH, Khullar P, Kazzaz JA, Scott W, Davis JM: Distinct patterns of apoptosis in the lung during liquid ventilation compared to gas ventilation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 283:L31-41, 2002. Coleman M, K Solarin, C Smith: Sedation and Pain Management in Ventilated Babies. Advances in Neonatal Care, 2:123-139 June, 2002 Chen JS, Agnissey K, Shaffer TH, Philips C, Wolfson MR: Transient Heat Transfer in Human Endometrium during Cryoablation. Proceedings of the Northeast Biomedical Engineering Conference, April, Philadelphia PA 2002. Bhutani VK and Shaffer TH: Airway and airflow abnormalities with chronic lung disease. Tufts University School of Medicine and Floating Hospital for Children Reports on Neonatal Respiratory Diseases. Vol 12, No 4, pp 1-12, 2002. Paul DA, Leef KH, Locke RL, Stefano JL. Transfusion volume in very low birth weight infants: a randomized trial of 10 vs 20 cc/kg. Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology. 24, 43-46, 2002. Paul DA, Sciscione A, Leef KH, Stefano JL. Cesarean delivery and outcome in very low birth weight infants. Australian New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology.42. 41-45, 2002 . Feingold E, Sher-Neiss G, Melnychuck J, Bacharach S, Paul D. Eating disorder symptomatology is not associated with pregnancy and perinatal complications in a cohort of adolescents who were born preterm. International Journal of Eating Disorders. 31, 202-209, 2002. Paul DA, Leef KH, Taylor S, McKenzie S. Thrombopoietin in preterm infants: gestational age-dependent response. Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology. 24, 304-309, 2002. Spear ML, Leef K, Epps S, Locke R. Family reactions during infants’ hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit. American Journal of Perinatology. 19, 205-213, 2002. Feingold E, Sher-Neiss G, Melnychuk J, Bacharach S, Paul D. HRQL and severity of brain ultrasound findings in a cohort of adolescents who were born preterm. Journal of Adolescent Health. 31,234, 2002. Paul DA, Kantor M, Leef KH, Bartoshesky LE, Getchell J. Do Sick Term Infants Exhibit Transient Hypothyroxinemia. Pediatric Research 51, 288A, 2002. Parikh NA, Locke RG, Chidekel A, Leef KH, Emberger J, Paul DA, Stefano JL. Effect of Inhaled Corticosteroids on Inflammatory on Inflammatory Cytokine in Preterm Infants with Evolving Chronic Lung Disease. Pediatric Research 51, 356A, 2002. Paul DA, Locke RG, Leef KH, Stefano JL. Prenatal Steroids: The Effect on Mortality and Outcome in Surviving Preterm Infants. Pediatric Research 51, 415A, 2002. Adeniyi-Jones S, Hsieh-Ebling H, Esangbedo I, Greenspan J: Neonatal Outcome following administration of Infasurf and Survanta in a single level III center. Pediatr Res, 51(4):399A, 2002 Cullen AB, Wolfson MR and Shaffer TH: The maturation of airway structure and function. American Academy of Pediatrics, NeoReviews. 3(7): July, e125-130, 2002. Cullen AB, Wolfson, and Shaffer TH: Impact of mechanical ventilation on the developing airway. American Adademy of Pediatrics, NeoReviews. 3(7), July, e137-142, 2002. Epstein M, Gibson E: Infant home apnea monitors provide technological bridge; Advance: Respiratory CareVol 11(1) pp10-12 January, 2002. Feingold E, Sher-Neiss G, Melnychuck J, Bacharach S, Paul D. Eating disorder symptomatology is not associated with pregnancy and perinatal complications in a cohort of adolescents who were born preterm. International Journal of Eating Disorders. 31, 202-209, 2002. Feingold E, Sher-Neiss G, Melnychuk J, Bacharach S, Paul D. HRQL and severity of brain ultrasound findings in a cohort of adolescents who were born preterm. Journal of Adolescent Health. 31,234, 2002 Paul DA, Leef KH, Chidekel A, Tran K, Eppes S, Stefano JL. Home delivery of palivizumab in Delaware: outcomes and compliance in regional preterm infants. Delaware Medical Journal.74, 11-16, 2002. Jeng MG, Yang SS, Wolfson MR, Shaffer TH: Perfluorochemical combinations for acute lung injury: An in vitro and in vivo study. Pediatr. Crit Care Med. 3(3)163-170, 2002 Jeng MJ, Oliver R, Wolfson MR, Shaffer TH. Partial liquid ventilation: effect of initial dose and redosing strategy in acute lung injury. Pediatr Crit Care Med 3: 163-170,2002 Jeng MJ, Oliver R, Wolfson MR, Shaffer TH. Partial liquid ventilation: effect of initial dose and redosing strategy in acute lung injury. Pediatr Crit Care Med 3: 163170,2002. Shaffer TH and Wolfson MR: If art imitates life, can laboratory models imitate clinical disease processes? Crit Care Med. Vol 30, No 10: 2399-2400, 2002. Shaffer TH, Cullen AB, Wolfson MR: Clinical Assessment of Airway Function in Health and Disease. American Academy of Pediatrics, NeoReviews. 3(7), July, e131-136, 2002. Shaffer TH, O Rees, MR Wolfson, JS Greenspan: Liquid Ventilation. In: Neonatology. Eds. A.R Spitzer. McGraw Hill, NY , 2002. Shaffer TH, Wolfson MR: Liquid Ventilation. In: Neonatal Respiratory Disorders, 2 nd Edition. Eds. A. Greenough and A. Milner. Arnold, London, 2002. Shashikant MP, Badellino MM, Cooper B, Shaffer TH, Myers SI, Wolfson MR: Physiochemical properties of perfluorochemical liquids influence ventilatory requirements, pulmonary mechanics, and microvascular permeability during partial liquid ventilation following ischemia/reperfusion injury. Soc. Crit Care Med. 30(10):2300-2305, 2002. Spinner S, Epstein M, Gibson E: Apnea of Prematurity: Physiology, Theory, and Home Management. Neonatal Network. Vol 20(13) 2002. Spitzer AR, Greenspan JS, Fox WW and Shaffer TH: Special Ventilatory Techniques. In: Assisted Ventilation of the Neonate (4th Edition). Eds. J. Goldsmith and E Karotkin, WS Saunders, Philadelphia, 2002. Touch SM, Epstein ML, Pohl CA, Greenspan JS. The impact of cobedding on sleep patterns in preterm twins. Clin Pediatr 41:425-431, 2002. Touch SM, Shaffer TH and JS Greenspan. "Managing Our First Breaths: A Reflection on the Past Several Decades of Neonatal Pulmonary Therapy." The Neonatal Network. 21(5):1320, 2002. Paul DA, Coleman MM, Leef KH, D Tuttle, Stefano JL. Maternal antibiotics and decreased periventricular leukomalacia in very low birth weight infants. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine. 157, 145-149, 2003. Guida J, Leef KH, Kunig A, McKenzie S, Paul DA. Platelet count and sepsis in very low birthweight neonates: is there an organism-specific response? Pediatrics. 111, 1411-1415, 2003. Cox C, R L Stavis, Wolfson MR, . Shaffer T H .Long-Term Tidal Liquid Ventilation in Premature Lambs: Physiologic,Biochemical and Histological Correlates. Biol Neonate. 84(3):232-42,2003. Kantor Herring MJ, Leef KH, Locke RG, Stefano JL, Bartoshesky L, Paul DA. Are perinatal risk factors helpful in predicting and optimizing treatment strategies for transient hypothyroxinemia in very low birthweight infants? American Journal of Perinatology 20, 333-339,2003. Kantor Herring MJ, Leef KH, Bartoshesky L, Getchell J, Paul DA. Admission thyroid evaluation in very low birth weight infants: association with death and severe intraventricular hemorrhage. Thyroid. 13, 965-969, 2003. Padula MA, Leef KH, Paul DA. Neurodevelopmental Outcome of Preterm Infants with Antenatal versus Postnatal Periventricular Leukomalacia. Pediatric Research 53, 499A, 2003. Paul DA, Leef KH, Locke RG, Stefano JL. The Effect of Multiple Gestation Births on a Large Cohort of Very Low Birth Weight Infants. Pediatric Research 53, 500A, 2003. Goodman M, Greene C, Hsieh-Ebling H, Desai S, Adeniyi-Jones S, Greenspan J. A retrospective study comparing standard versus High serum phenobarbital in the treatment of neonatal seizures. Pediatr Res, 53(4):550A, 2003. Hirschl RB, Fox WW, Glick PL, Greenspan JS, Smith K, Thompson A: A prospective, randomized pilot trial of perfluorocarbon-induced lung growth in newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Pediatr Surg 38:283-289,2003. Jeng , MJ, Yang SS, Wolfson MR, Shaffer, TH. Perfluorochemical (PFC) Combinations for Acute Lung Injury: An in Vitro and in Vivo Study. Pediatr Res 53: 81-88,2003. Naglapura S, Chen JSJ, Wolfson MR, Shaffer TH: Convective heat transfer during endometrial cryoablation using PFC fluid. BMSE, Boston, 2003. Oliver R, Wolfson MR, Shaffer TH: Partial liquid ventilation: Effect of initial dose and redosing strategy in acute lung injury. Pediatr Crit. Care Med. 3(2):163-170, 2003. Padula MA, Leef KH, Paul DA. Neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm infants with antenatal versus postnatal periventricular leukomalacia. Journal of Investigative Medicine 51, s430, 2003. Padula MA, Leef KH, Paul DA. Neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm infants with antenatal versus postnatal periventricular leukomalacia. Pediatric Research 53, 499A, 2003. Sherman TI, Blackson T, Touch SM, Greenspan JS, Shaffer TH: Physiologic Effects of CPAP: Application and Monitoring. The Neonatal Network. Nov-Dec; 22(6): 7-16, 2003. Touch SM, Greenspan JS. High Frequency Ventilation. Spitzer AR, Greenspan JS, Fox WW, Shaffer TH. Special ventilatory techniques and modalities II: Lung protective strategies and liquid ventilation. In:Goldsmith J and Karotkin E, eds Assisted Ventilation of the Neonate. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders Co. 219234, 2003. Trevisanuto D, MJ Jeng MJ, WW Fox, MR Wolfson, and TH Shaffer: Positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) modulates perfluorochemical (PFC) evaporation from the Lungs. Biol. of Neonate. 84(1):53-58, 2003. Wolfson, MR and TH Shaffer: Liquid Ventilation In: Rudolf's Pediatrics, 21 st Edition Eds. A.M. Rudolf, C.D. Rudolf, N.J. Siegel, G. Lister, and M. Hostetter. Mc Graw-Hill, NY, 2003. Coleman MM, Spear ML, Finkelstein M, Leef KH, Pearlman SA, Chien C, Taylor SM, McKenzie SE. Short-term use of umbilical artery catheters may not be associated with increased risk for thrombosis. Pediatrics.113, 770-774, 2004. Paul DA, Leef KH, Stefano JL, Bartoshesky L. Factors influencing levels of 17hydroxyprogesterone in very low birth weight infants and the relationship to death and IVH. Journal of Perinatology.24, 252-256, 2004. Parikh N, Locke R, Chidikel A, Leef KH, Emberberger J, Paul DA, Stefano JL. The effect of inhaled corticosteroids on markers of pulmonary inflammation and lung maturation in preterm infants with evolving chronic lung disease. Journal American Osteopathic Association. 104. 114-120, 2004. DiPentima M C, Doyle R, Locke R, Tuttle D. Late-onset Mycobacterium Abscessus Sepsis in a Very Low Birth Weight Premature Infant: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges. Am J Perinatology 21. 365-368, 2004. Pearlman SA, Leef KH, Sciscione AC. Factors that affect neonatal-perinatal fellowship training. Am J Perinatology 21. 371-375, 2004. Paul DA, Locke R, Walrath J, Esterly K, Stefano JL. Is Infant mortality in delaware truly increasing? evidence for increasing illness severity and shift to fetal deaths and previable births. Delaware Medical Journal. 76.399-404, 2004. Unger S, Paul DA, Nino M, McKay C, Miller S, Sochett E, Braverman N, Clarke JTR, Cole DE, Superti-Furga A. Mucolipidosis II presenting as severe neonatal hyperparathyroidism. European Journal of Pediatrics. 164, 236-243, 2004. EPub. Tuttle DJ ( as part of The Near-Term Respiratory Failure Research Group). The epidemiology of respiratory failure in neonates born at an estimated gestational age of 34 weeks or more. Journal of Perinatology. 25, 251-257, 2004. Locke R, Paul D, Ratledge E. Breast Feeding Income and Race. Pediatric Research 55, 174A, 2004. Kline TA, Mackely A, Paul DA. Hematologic Characteristics of Infants with Trisomy 21: a Case for Platelet Underproduction. Pediatric Research 55, 546A, 2004. Paul DA, Mackly A, Locke R, Stefano JL. Peak Serum Bilirubin and Illness Severity Are Inversely Correlated in Very Low Birth Weight Infants. Pediatric Research 55, 552A, 2004. Tuttle DJ, Leef KH, Stefano JL (as part of Neopain trial investigators group). Effects of morphine analgesia in ventilated preterm neonates: primary outcomes from the NEOPAIN randomized trial. Lancet. 363, 1673-1682, 2004. Adeniyi-Jones S, Hsieh-Ebling H, Desai S, Greenspan J: Neonatal Morbidity in Extremely Low Birth Weight (ELBW) Infants: Impact of Initial Stabilization on Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (NCPAP). Pediatr Res, 55(4):505A, 2004. Adeniyi-Jones S, Hsieh-Ebling H, Greenspan J: Prediction of Bubble Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (NCPAP) Failure in Preterm Infants: Assessment of Perinatal Risk Factors. Pediatr Res, 55(4):533A, 2004. Greenspan JS, Shaffer TH, Fox WW and AR Spitzer: Assisted Ventilation: Physiologic Implications and Complications. In: Fetal and Neo, Philadelphia natal Physiology, 3rd Edition. Eds: R. Polin, WW Fox, S Abman. WB Saunders, PA. 2004. Gibson E, Kline A: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Current Pediatric Therapy. Burg & Polin (in Press) 2004 Sekins KM, Leeper DB, Hoffman JK, Keilman GW, Ziskin MC, Wolfson MR, Shaffer TH: Shaffer TH: Feasibility of lung cancer hyperthermia using breathable perfluorochemical (PFC) liquids. Part II: Ultrasound hyperthermia. International Journal of Hyperthermia 20(3):278-299,2004. Sekins KM, Leeper DB, Hoffman JK, Wolfson MR, Shaffer TH: Feasibility of lung cancer hyperthermia using breathable perfluorochemical (PFC) liquids. Part I: Convective hyperthermia. International Journal of Hyperthermia 20(3):252-277,2004. Shaffer TH, Wolfson MR, and HB Panitch: Airway structure, function and development in health and disease. Pediatric Anesthesia 13: 3-14, 2004. Shaffer, TH and MR Wolfson: Liquid Ventilation. In: Fetal and Neonatal Physiology, 3rd Edition. Eds: R. Polin, WW Fox, S Abman. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA. 2004. Shaffer, TH and MR Wolfson: Upper Airway Structure: Function, Regulation and development. In: Fetal and Neonatal Physiology, 3rd Edition. Eds: R. Polin, WW Fox, S Abman. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA. 2004. Williams L, Shaffer TH, Greenspan JS: Inhaled Nitric Oxide Therapy in the NearTerm or Term Neonate with Hypoxic Respiratory Failure. Neonatal Network. Jan-Feb; 23(1): 5-13, 2004. Wolfson MR and Shaffer TH: Liquid ventilation: an adjunct for respiratory management. Paediatric Anesthesia 13: 15-23, 2004. Wolfson MR and Shaffer TH: Respiratory Physiology. 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