S1 SUPPORTING INFORMATION New Poly(phenylenevinylene)-Methyl Methacrylate-Based Photonic Crystals Sylvain Achelle,1 Álvaro Blanco,2 Martín López-García,2 Riccardo Sapienza,2 Marta Ibisate,2 Cefe López,2 and Julián Rodríguez-López*,1 1 Facultad de Química, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain. 2 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (CSIC), C/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049-Madrid, Spain julian.rodriguez@uclm.es Table of contents 1. General S2 2. Experimental procedures and characterization data for compounds 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7. S2-S7 3. 1 H NMR and 13C NMR spectra for dendritic iodides 2b-c. S8–S11 4. 1 H NMR and 13C NMR spectra for dendritic aldehydes 5b-c and 6. S12-S17 5. 1 H NMR and 13C NMR spectra for styrene derivatives 3a-c and 7. S18-S25 S2 General. In air- and moisture-sensitive reactions all glassware was flame-dried and cooled under Ar. THF was dried using a solvent purification system. Unless stated otherwise, NMR spectra were acquired at 25 ºC. Chemical shifts are given in ppm relative to TMS (1H, 0.0 ppm) or CDCl3 (13C, 77.0 ppm). IR spectra were recorded on an FT-IR spectrophotometer. UV/vis and fluorescence spectra were recorded using standard 1 cm quartz cells. Compounds were excited at their absorption maxima (band of lowest energy) for recording the emission spectra (uncorrected). MALDI mass spectra were registered using dithranol as the matrix. Melting points are uncorrected. Compounds 2a and 5a have been previously described.1 Dendritic aldehyde 5a can also be prepared by reaction of the corresponding iodo derivative 2a with BunLi at –78 ºC, followed by quenching with DMF.1 Synthesis of first generation aryl iodides 2. The synthesis was performed by Horner-WadsworthEmmons reaction of two molecules of the appropriate p-substituted benzaldehyde derivative with the readily available diphosphonate 1.2 I Me2N NMe2 (E,E)-3,5-Bis(4-dimethylaminostyryl)iodobenzene (2b). Yield: 75% Yellow solid. Purified by crystallization from CHCl3/EtOH. Mp 139.4-141.0 ºC. 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz) : 2.99 (s, 12H, 4xCH3), 6.72 (A of ABq, 4H, J = 9.0 Hz, ArH), 6.80 (A of ABq, 2H, J = 16.0 Hz, 2xCH=), 7.04 (B of ABq, 2H, J = 16.0 Hz, 2xCH=), 7.41 (B of ABq, 4H, J = 9.0 Hz, ArH), 7.46 (broad s, 1H, ArH), 7.64 (d, 2H, J = 1.0 Hz, ArH). 13 C-NMR, DEPT and g-HSQC (CDCl3, 125 MHz) : 40.4 (CH3), 95.2 (C1-I), 112.3 (m-CH), 122.6 (CH=), 123.2 (C4-H), 125.2 (ipso-C), 127.7 (o-CH), 130.0 (CH=), 132.7 (C2-H), 140.4 (C3), 150.3 (p-C). MALDI-TOF (dithranol) m/z 494.1 (M+). Anal. Calcd for C26H27IN2: C, 63.16; H, 5.50; I, 25.67; N. 5.67. Found: C, 63.01; H, 5.52; N, 5.60. 1 (a) García-Martínez, J. C.; Atienza, C.; de la Peña, M.; Rodrigo, A. C.; Tejeda, J.; Rodríguez-López, J. J. Mass Spectrom. 2009, 44, 613-620. (b) Achelle, S.; Nouira, I.; Pfaffinger, B.; Ramondenc, Y.; Plé, N.; Rodríguez-López, J. J. Org. Chem. 2009, 74, 3711-3717. (c) Martín-Zarco, M.; Toribio, S.; García-Martínez, J.; Rodríguez-López J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2009, 47, 6409-6419. 2 Díez-Barra, E.; García-Martínez, J. C.; Rodríguez-López, J. J. Org. Chem. 2003, 68, 832-838. S3 I Ph2N NPh2 (E,E)-3,5-Bis(4-diphenylaminostyryl)iodobenzene (2c). Purified by crystallization from CHCl3/EtOH. Yield: 78%. Yellow solid. Mp 197.6-198.4 ºC. 1H NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz) : 6.88 (A of ABq, 2H, J = 16.5 Hz, 2×CH=), 7.02-7.08 (m, 10H, 2×CH= and ArH), 7.10-7.13 (m, 8H, ArH), 7.247.29 (m, 8H, ArH), 7.38 (B of ABq, 4H, J = 8.5 Hz, ArH), 7.49 (broad s, 1H, ArH), 7.70 (d, 2H, J = 1.5 Hz, ArH). 13 C-NMR, DEPT and g-HSQC (CDCl3, 125 MHz) : 95.2 (C-I), 123.2 (CH), 123.3 (CH), 123.8 (C4-H), 124.7 (CH), 125.1 (CH=), 127.5 (CH), 129.3 (CH), 129.6 (CH), 130.7 (C), 133.5 (C2-H), 140.0 (C), 147.4 (C), 147.8 (C). MALDI-TOF (dithranol) m/z: 742.2 (M+). Anal. Calcd for C46H35IN2: C, 74.39; H, 4.75; I, 17.09; N, 3.77. Found: C, 74.20; H, 4.70; N, 3.78. General procedure for the synthesis of dendritic aldehydes 5 and 6 via Heck cross-coupling reaction. A mixture of 3,5-dibromobenzaldehyde (1.00 g, 3.78 mmol), the appropriate styrene derivative 4 (7.56 mmol, 3 for the synthesis of compound 6), anhydrous sodium carbonate (800 mg, 7.56 mmol), trans-di(µ-acetato)bis[o-(di-o-tolylphosphino)benzyl]dipalladium(II)3 (7.69 mg, 8.19 µmol, 2,6-di-tert-butylcresol (419 mg, 1.89 mmol) and anhydrous N,N-dimethylacetamide (10 mL) was deoxygenated thoroughly by stirring under vacuum followed by purging with argon several times. The reaction mixture was then heated under argon at 130 °C for 24 h. After cooling, ethyl acetate (25 mL) and 1M HCl (200 mL) were added carefully. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3x25 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water, dried (MsSO 4) and the solvent evaporated. The crude product was purified by column chromatography over alumina (AcOEt/hexanes, 3/7) followed by washing with hot ethanol. CHO Me2N NMe2 (E,E)-3,5-Bis(4-dimethylaminostyryl)benzaldehyde (5b). Yield: 33%. Yellow solid. Mp 174.8176.1 ºC. 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz) : 3.00 (s, 12H, 4xCH3), 6.74 (A of ABq, 4H, J = 9.0 Hz, ArH), 6.96 (A of ABq, 2H, J = 16.0 Hz, 2xCH=), 7.18 (B of ABq, 2H, J = 16.0 Hz, 2xCH=), 7.45 (B of ABq, 3 Herrmann, W. A.; Brossmer, C.; Reisinger, C.-P.; Riermeier, T. H.; Öfele, K.; Beller, M. Chem. Eur. J. 1997, 3, 13571364. S4 4H, J = 9.0 Hz, ArH), 7.78 (t, 1H, J = 1.5 Hz, ArH), 7.81 (d, 2H, J = 1.5 Hz, ArH), 10.05 (s, 1H, CHO). C-NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz) : 40.4 (CH3), 112.4, 122.7, 125.0, 125.1, 127.8, 129.4, 130.5, 137.1, 13 139.4, 150.4, 192.8 (CHO). IR (ATR) : 1689 (C=O) cm–1. MALDI-TOF (dithranol) m/z 396.2 (M+·). Anal. Calcd for C27H28N2O: C, 81.78; H, 7.12; N, 7.06. Found: C, 81.81; H, 7.10; N, 7.06. CHO Ph2N NPh2 (E,E)-3,5-Bis(4-diphenylaminostyryl)benzaldehyde (5c).. Yield: 62%. Orange solid. Mp 114-116 ºC (CHCl3/EtOH). 1H NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz) : 7.02-7.08 (m, 10H, 2×CH= and ArH), 7.11-7.14 (m, 8H, ArH), 7.19 (B of ABq, 2H, J = 16.0 Hz, 2×CH=), 7.25-7.29 (m, 8H, ArH), 7.41 (B of ABq, 4H, J = 9.0 Hz, ArH), 7.79 (broad s, 1H, ArH), 7.86 (d, 2H, J = 1.5 Hz, ArH), 10.06 (s, 1H, CH=O). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz) : 123.2, 123.3, 124.5, 124.7, 125.2, 125.7, 127.6, 129.3, 130.1, 130.6, 137.2, 139.0, 147.4, 147.9, 192.5 (CH=O). IR : 1693 (C=O) cm–1. MALDI-TOF (dithranol) m/z 644.2 (M+·). Anal. Calcd for C47H36N2O: C, 87.55; H, 5.63; N, 4.34. Found: C, 87.77; H, 5.55; N, 4.30. C6H13O CHO OC6H13 OC6H13 OC6H13 (E,E,E,E,E,E)-3,5-Bis[3,5-bis(4-hexyloxystyryl)styryl]benzaldehyde (6). Yield: 92%. Pale yellow solid. Mp 192.4-194.6 ºC. 1H NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz) : 0.92 (t, 12H, J = 7.0 Hz, 4×CH3), 1.36 (m, 16H, 8×CH2), 1.48 (m, 8H, 4×CH2), 1.80 (m, 8H, 4×CH2), 3.99 (t, 8H, J = 6.5 Hz, 4×OCH2), 6.91 (A of ABq, 8H, J = 8.5 Hz, ArH), 6.99 (A of ABq, 4H, J = 16.5 Hz, 4×CH=), 7.14 (B of ABq, 4H, J = 16.5 Hz, 4×CH=), 7.21 (A of ABq, 2H, J = 16.0 Hz, 2×CH=), 7.26 (B of ABq, 2H, J = 16.0 Hz, 2×CH=), 7.47 (B of ABq, 8H, J = 8.5 Hz, ArH), 7.51 (broad s, 6H, ArH), 7.87 (broad s, 1H, ArH), 7.91 (d, 2H, J = 1.5 Hz, ArH), 10.06 (s, 1H, CH=O). 13 C NMR and DEPT (CDCl3, 125 MHz) : 14.0 (CH3), 22.6 (CH2), 25.7 (CH2), 29.3 (CH2), 31.6 (CH2), 68.1 (OCH2), 114.8 (CH), 123.4 (CH), 124.1 (CH), 126.0 (CH), 126.4 (CH), 127.3 (CH), 127.8 (CH), 129.0 (CH), 129.8 (C), 130.2 (CH), 130.6 (CH), 137.2 (C), 138.5 S5 (C), 138.7 (C), 159.1 (C), 192.2 (CH=O). IR : 1697 (C=O) cm–1. MALDI-TOF (dithranol) m/z: 1119.3 (M+), 1120.3 (M++1). Anal. Calcd for C79H90O5: C, 84.75; H, 8.10. Found: C, 84.99; H, 8.01. General procedure for the synthesis of dendritic styrene derivatives 3 via Suzuki cross-coupling reaction reaction. To a suspension of potassium vinyltrifluoroborate (670 mg, 5 mmol), cesium carbonate (4.89 g, 15.0 mmol), PdCl2(dppf)CH2Cl2 (368 mg, 0.44 mmol) and the appropriate iodo derivative 2 (3,33 mmol) in THF (60 mL) was added degassed water (6 mL) followed by heating at reflux. The reaction mixture was stirred at reflux for 6 h, then cooled to room temperature and diluted with water (50 mL). The THF was evaporated under vacuum and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (3x50 mL). The organic layers were combined, washed with 1 M HCl (50 mL), brine (50 mL) and dried (MgSO4). The solvent was removed under vacuum and the crude product was purified by alumina column chromatography (AcOEt/hexanes, 3/7) followed by washing with hot ethanol General procedure for the synthesis of dendritic styrene derivatives 3 and 7 via Wittig reaction: Potassium tert-butoxide (1.23 g, 11.0 mmol) was added to a solution of methyltriphenylphosphonium iodide (5.07 g, 10 mmol) in dry THF (60 mL), and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 min. The appropriate aldehyde 2 (6.67 mmol, 6 for the synthesis of compound 7) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 90 min. The reaction was hydrolyzed with water (50 mL), and the THF was removed under vacuum. The aqueous layer was extracted with CH2Cl2 (3x50 mL), and the combined organic layers were dried (MgSO4) and evaporated. The crude product was filtered through a plug of alumina using dichloromethane as eluent. The filtrate was collected and the solvent completely removed. The solid obtained was washed with hot ethanol. C6H13O OC6H13 (E,E)-3,5-Bis(4-hexyloxystyryl)styrene (3a).. Yield: 87%. Pale yellow solid. Mp 102.8-104.3 ºC. 1 H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz) : 0.91 (t, 6H, J = 7.0 Hz, 2×CH3), 1.35 (m, 8H, 4×CH2), 1.47 (m, 4H, 2×CH2), 1.79 (m, 4H, 2×CH2), 3.98 (t, 4H, J = 6.5 Hz), 5.30 (d, 1H, J = 11.0 Hz, CH=), 5.83 (d, 1H, J = 17.5 Hz, CH=), 6.76 (dd, 1H, J = 17.5 Hz, J = 11.0 Hz, CH=), 6.90 (A of ABq, 4H, J = 8.5 Hz, ArH), 6.99 (A of ABq, 2H, J = 16.5 Hz, 2×CH=), 7.12 (B of ABq, 2H, J = 16.5 Hz, 2×CH=), 7.40 (d, 2H, J = S6 1.5 Hz, ArH), 7.46 (B of ABq, 4H, J = 8.5 Hz, ArH), 7.51 (broad s, 1H, ArH). 13 C-NMR and DEPT (CDCl3, 125 MHz) : 14.0 (CH3), 22.6 (CH2), 25.7 (CH2), 29.2 (CH2), 31.6 (CH2), 68.1 (OCH2), 114.2 (CH2), 114.7 (CH), 123.0 (CH), 123.6 (CH), 126.2 (CH), 127.7 (CH), 128.7 (CH), 129.8 (C), 136.8 (CH), 138.1 (C), 138.2 (C). IR (ATR) : 1604, 1582, 1574, 1510, 1250, 1172 cm–1. MALDI-TOF (dithranol) m/z 508.3 (M+·). Anal. Calcd for C36H44O2: C, 84.99; H, 8.72. Found: C, 84.85; H, 8.62. Me2N NMe2 (E,E)-3,5-Bis(4-dimethylaminostyryl)styrene (3b).. Yield: 76%. Pale yellow solid. Mp 129.3-130.9 ºC. 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz) : 2.99 (s, 12H, 4xCH3), 5.28 (dd, 1H, J = 11.0 Hz, J = 1.0 Hz, CH=), 5.82 (dd, 1H, J = 18.0 Hz, J = 1.0 Hz, CH=), 6.72-6.78 (m, 5H, CH= and ArH), 6.93 (A of ABq, 2H, J = 16.0 Hz, 2xCH=), 7.10 (B of ABq, 2H, J = 16.0 Hz, 2xCH=), 7.37 (d, 2H, J = 1.5 Hz, ArH), 7.44 (B of ABq, 4H, J = 9.0 Hz, ArH), 7.49 (broad s, 2H, ArH). 13C-NMR, DEPT and g-HSQC (CDCl3, 125 MHz) : 40.5 (CH3), 112.4 (CH), 113.9 (CH2), 122.4 (CH), 123.2 (CH), 124.2 (CH), 125.7 (C), 127.6 (CH), 129.0 (CH), 137.0 (CH), 138.0 (C), 138.5 (C), 150.1 (C). IR (ATR) : 1601, 1580, 1520, 1356 cm–1. MALDI-TOF (dithranol) m/z 394.2 (M+·). Anal. Calcd for C28H30N2: C, 85.24; H, 7.66; N, 7.10. Found: C, 85.00; H, 7.59; N, 7.14. Ph2N NPh2 (E,E)-3,5-Bis(4-diphenylaminostyryl)styrene (3c). Yield: 76%. Yellow solid. Mp 106-107.5 ºC. 1HNMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz) : 5.31 (d, 1H, J = 11.5 Hz, CH=), 5.83 (d, 1H, J = 17.5 Hz, CH=), 6.76 (dd, 1H, J = 17.5 Hz, J = 11.5 Hz, CH=), 7.01 (A of ABq, 2H, J = 16.5 Hz, 2×CH=), 7.01-7.08 (m, 8H, ArH), 7.10-7.13 (m, 10H, 2×CH= and ArH), 7.25-7.29 (m, 8H, ArH), 7.41 (B of ABq, 4H, J = 8.5 Hz, ArH), 7.41 (broad s, 2H, ArH), 7.51 (broad s, 1H, ArH). 13 C-NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz) : 114.3, 123.1, 123.2, 123.5, 123.7, 124.5, 126.7, 127.4, 128.6, 129.3, 131.3, 136.7, 138.2, 138.2, 147.4, 147.5. MALDI-TOF (dithranol) m/z 642.3 (M+·). Anal. Calcd for C48H38N2: C, 89.68; H, 5.96; N, 4.36. Found: C, 89.83; H, 6.11; N, 4.25. S7 C6H13O OC6H13 C80H92O4 Exact Mass: 1116,6996 Mol. Wt.: 1117,5841 C, 85,98; H, 8,30; O, 5,73 OC6H13 OC6H13 (E,E,E,E,E,E)-3,5-Bis[3,5-bis(4-hexyloxystyryl)styryl]styrene (7). Yield: 51%. Pale yellow solid. Mp 135.9-135.7 ºC. 1H NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz) : 0.92 (t, 12H, J = 7.0 Hz, 4×CH3), 1.35 (m, 16H, 8×CH2), 1.48 (m, 8H, 4×CH2), 1.80 (m, 8H, 4×CH2), 3.98 (t, 8H, J = 6.5 Hz, 4×OCH2), 5.35 (d, 1H, J = 11.0 Hz, CH=), 5.88 (d, 1H, J = 17.5 Hz, CH=), 6.80 (dd, 1H, J = 17.5 Hz, J = 11.0 Hz, CH=), 6.91 (A of ABq, 8H, J = 9.0 Hz, ArH), 7.01 (A of ABq, 4H, J = 16.5 Hz, 4×CH=), 7.15 (B of ABq, 4H, J = 16.5 Hz, 4×CH=), 7.21 (s, 4H, 4×CH=), 7.48 (B of ABq, 8H, J = 9.0 Hz, ArH), 7.49 (s, 2H, ArH), 7.50 (s, 2H, ArH), 7.53 (s, 4H, ArH), 7.63 (broad s, 1H, ArH). 13C NMR and DEPT (CDCl3, 125 MHz) : 14.0 (CH3), 22.6 (CH2), 25.7 (CH2), 29.2 (CH2), 31.6 (CH2), 68.1 (OCH2), 114.5 (CH2), 114.7 (CH), 123.3 (CH), 123.7 (CH), 123.9 (CH), 124.1 (CH), 126.1 (CH), 127.8 (CH), 128.6 (CH), 128.8 (CH), 129.1 (CH), 129.8 (C), 136.6 (CH), 137.8 (C), 137.9 (C), 138.3 (C), 138.4 (C), 159.0 (C). IR : 1607, 1585, 1508, 1246, 1172, 954 cm–1. MALDI-TOF (dithranol) m/z: 1117.3 (M+), 1118.3 (M++1). Anal. Calcd for C80H92O4: C, 85.98; H, 8.30. Found: C, 86.28; H, 8.24. S8 2.99 I Me2N NMe2 2b Solvent: CDCl3 500 MHz 7.6 7.4 7.2 7.0 6.8 6.6 6.4 6.2 6.0 5.8 5.6 5.4 5.2 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.4 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.0 S9 I Me2N 127.7 NMe2 2b Solvent: CDCl3 125 MHz 112.3 40.4 132.7 130.0 122.6 140.4 123.2 150.3 150 95.2 125.2 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 S10 I Ph2N NPh2 2c Solvent: CDCl3 500 MHz 7.70 7.60 7.50 7.40 7.30 7.20 7.10 7.00 6.90 6.80 S11 I Ph2N 2c NPh2 Solvent: CDCl3 125 MHz 147.4 133.5 147.8 95.2 140.0 140 130 120 110 100 S12 3.00 CHO Me2N 5b NMe2 Solvent: CDCl3 500 MHz 7.80 7.60 7.40 7.20 7.00 6.80 10.05 10.0 9.5 9.0 8.5 8.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 S13 CHO Me2N NMe2 5b Solvent: CDCl3 125 MHz 125.40 125.20 125.00 124.80 124.60 40.4 192.8 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 S14 CHO Ph2N 5c NPh2 Solvent: CDCl3 500 MHz 10.06 10.2 10.0 9.8 9.6 9.4 9.2 9.0 8.8 8.6 8.4 8.2 8.0 7.8 7.6 7.4 7.2 7.0 S15 CHO Ph2N NPh2 5c Solvent: CDCl3 125 MHz 192.5 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 S16 C6H13O CHO OC6H13 OC6H13 OC6H13 6 Solvent: CDCl3 125 MHz 7.80 7.60 7.40 7.20 7.00 10.06 10.0 9.5 9.0 8.5 8.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 S17 C6H13O CHO OC6H13 OC6H13 OC6H13 6 Solvent: CDCl3 125 MHz 14.0 114.8 68.1 159.1 192.2 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 S18 C6H13O OC6H13 3a Solvent: CDCl3 500 MHz 7.50 7.5 7.0 7.40 6.5 7.30 7.20 6.0 7.10 5.5 7.00 6.90 5.0 6.80 4.5 6.70 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 S19 C 6H 13O OC 6 H 13 3a Solvent: CDCl3 125 MHz 130 129 128 127 126 125 124 123 122 121 120 119 118 117 116 115 114 113 14.0 68.1 159.0 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 S20 Me2N NMe2 3b Solvent: CDCl3 500 MHz 7.50 7.6 7.4 7.2 7.40 7.0 7.30 6.8 7.20 6.6 7.10 6.4 7.00 6.90 6.2 6.80 6.0 6.70 5.8 5.6 5.4 5.2 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.4 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.0 S21 Me2N NMe2 3b Solvent: CDCl3 125 MHz 127.6 112.4 40.5 113.9 150.1 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 S22 Ph2N NPh2 3c Solvent: CDCl3 500 MHz 7.4 7.2 7.0 6.8 6.6 6.4 6.2 6.0 5.8 5.6 5.4 S23 Ph2N NPh2 3c Solvent: CDCl3 125 MHz 129.3 124.5 147.5 138.2 147.4 138.2 114.3 148 146 144 142 140 138 136 134 132 130 128 126 124 122 120 118 116 114 S24 C6H13O OC6H13 OC6H13 OC6H13 7 Solvent: CDCl3 500 MHz 7.60 7.5 7.40 7.0 7.20 6.5 6.0 7.00 5.5 6.80 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 S25 114.7 C6H13O 127.8 OC6H13 OC6H13 OC6H13 7 114.5 138 136 134 132 130 128 126 124 122 120 118 116 Solvent: CDCl3 125 MHz 114 68.1 14.0 159.0 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20