Result and Disscussion
RESULTS OF OCEAN COLOR
Oceancolor images of Peninsular Malaysia on 2004 showed high Chlorophyll
concentration near western coast of Peninsular Malaysia and highest chlorophyll in
the Straits of Malacca.
Oceancolor images of Sabah and Sarawak on 2004 showed high concentration of
Chlorophyll in coastal area of Sabah and Sarawak during the Northeast (NE) monsoon
season.
Ocean color images of Peninsular Malaysia on June and July 2004 showed the
upwelling was generated during Southwest monsoon season.
DISCUSSIONS OF OCEAN COLOR
Upwelling process (see Fig.1.1 and Fig.1.2) is the most important physical
event on the contribution of basic nutrients for developing of marine life. The wind
acts over sea surface, in the same direction in which it blows. Due to earth rotation,
the water layers are acted upon by the coriolis force and causes ekman spiral. The
upwelled water is cooler and saltier than the original surface water, and typically has
much greater concentration of nutrients such as nitrates, phosphates and silicates that
are key to sustaining biological production. Besides, the Straits of Malacca is out of
the affect of monsoon seasons so the water is more steady and warmer. Because of
these reason that marine ecosystems in the Straits of Malacca is highly productive and
capable of maintaining large standing crops of plankton and massive fish stocks.
Marine plants, suspended sediments and dissolved organic matter, particularly near
coastal area may increase the Chlorophyll concentration in coastal area. Nutrient-rich
in coastal area help the growth of phytoplankton. Waters off coasts of Sabah and
Sarawak have higher Chlorophyll concentrations in December, January and February
may be due to the effect of NE monsoon. NE monsoon found to cause development
of strong boundary current and also intense upwelling in several areas which bring
nutrient-rich upwelled waters and these waters should be further investigated for
chlorophyll, temperature, primary productivity and photosynthesis parameters.
RESULTS OF SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE
Figure 3. Daytime sea surface temperature images of Peninsular Malaysia in 2004
show December, January and February are months with the lowest sea surface
temperature. However, April, May and June are the months with highest sea surface
temperature.
Figure 4. Night time sea surface temperature images of Peninsular Malaysia in 2004
show December, January and February are months with the lowest sea surface
temperature. However, May is the month with highest sea surface temperature
Figure 5. Daytime sea surface temperature images of Sabah and Sarawak in 2004
show December, January and February are months with the lowest sea surface
temperature. The months with highest sea surface temperature are on April, May,
June and September.
Figure 6. Night time sea surface temperature images of Sabah and Sarawak in 2004
show December, January and February are months with the lowest sea surface
temperature. The months with high sea surface temperature are on April, May, June.
DISCUSSIONS OF SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE
In Malaysia, there are four seasons can be distinguished, namely, the
Southewest (SW) monsoon, Northeast (NE) monsoon and two shorter intermonsoon
seasons. The NE monsoon commences in early November and ends in March. The
exposed areas like the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia, western Sarawak and the
northeast coast of Sabah experiences heavy rain spells during the NE monsoon season
and causes lower sea surface temperature in these areas. The SW monsoon also
known as the northern hemisphere summer monsoon is established in the later half of
May and ends in September. During SW monsoon season, there is an overall
reduction in rainfall compared to the Northeast Monsoon , in particular over the
western Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak. Due to this dry season, the western
Peninsular Malaysia, western Sarawak and northeast Sabah having the highest sea
surface temperature in April, May and June
CONCLUSION
Finally, it is well known that the upwelling of deep cold waters is accompanied by
transport of suspended nutrients for primary production. Diffusion, mixing and
transport of those primary nutrients must be better understood for obtaining any
quantitative interpretation of the cross correlation between the “upwelling coldness”
and chlorophyll presence. For April, May and June, the highest sea surface
temperature is between 30.5oC-32oC. Overall the sea surface temperature images there
is high temperature in the Straits of Malacca and South China Sea during the SW
monsoon. There is a correlation between the sea surface temperature and the monsoon
season.
APPENDIX
MODEL TO PROCESS PATHFINDER SST FILES FOR BUKU
OSEANOGRAFI
by : Ku Kassim, 31 MAY 2006
doc
doc
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DOC
doc
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doc_end
rem .................................. Status of the procedure
status_title "SPLIT-WINDOW"
status_s FILE
status_s DBOC
status_s DBIW
local int fd
local dboc2, dbic
DOC
doc
DOC
DBIC adalah Channel SST sebenar (8-BIT)
DBOC adalah real SST (16-bit unsg)
DBOC2 adalah Channel PCT color utk setiap 1 degree(8-bit)
rem .................................... Prompt for input speicfiers
ask " Enter database file name
: " file
input " Enter database input channel > " dbic
ask " Enter new SST output channel > " dboc
input " Enter New PCT output channel > " dboc2
fd = DBOpen (file,"r+")
!model on file over dbiw
!if %{dbic}<>0 and %{dbic}<>255 then
!%{dboc}=(%{dbic} * 0.11811 + 2) *10
!else
!%{dboc}=%{dbic}
!endif
!endmodel
model on file over dbiw
if %{dbic} < 255 then
%{dboc}=(%{dbic} * 0.11811 + 2) *10
else
%{dboc}=0
endif
endmodel
!...Assign PCT color...
!....0.5 deg...........
model on file over dbiw
if %{dboc}=0 then
%{dboc2}=0
endif
endmodel
!model on file over dbiw
!if %{dboc}=1023 then
!%{dboc2}=255
!endif
!endmodel
model on file over dbiw
if %{dboc}=255 then
%{dboc2}=255
endif
endmodel
model on file over dbiw
if %{dboc}<240 and %{dboc}<>255 and %{dboc}<>0 then
%{dboc2}=1
endif
endmodel
model on file over dbiw
if %{dboc}>=240 and %{dboc}<250 then
%{dboc2}=25
endif
endmodel
model on file over dbiw
if %{dboc}>=250 and %{dboc}<260 then
%{dboc2}=38
endif
endmodel
model on file over dbiw
if %{dboc}>=260 and %{dboc}<265 then
%{dboc2}=45
endif
endmodel
model on file over dbiw
if %{dboc}>=265 and %{dboc}<270 then
%{dboc2}=57
endif
endmodel
model on file over dbiw
if %{dboc}>=270 and %{dboc}<275 then
%{dboc2}=62
endif
endmodel
model on file over dbiw
if %{dboc}>=275 and %{dboc}<280 then
%{dboc2}=80
endif
endmodel
model on file over dbiw
if %{dboc}>=280 and %{dboc}<285 then
%{dboc2}=125
endif
endmodel
model on file over dbiw
if %{dboc}>=285 and %{dboc}<290 then
%{dboc2}=142
endif
endmodel
model on file over dbiw
if %{dboc}>=290 and %{dboc}<295 then
%{dboc2}=150
endif
endmodel
model on file over dbiw
if %{dboc}>=295 and %{dboc}<300 then
%{dboc2}=158
endif
endmodel
model on file over dbiw
if %{dboc}>=300 and %{dboc}<305 then
%{dboc2}=170
endif
endmodel
model on file over dbiw
if %{dboc}>=305 and %{dboc}<310 then
%{dboc2}=180
endif
endmodel
model on file over dbiw
if %{dboc}>=310 and %{dboc}<315 then
%{dboc2}=200
endif
endmodel
model on file over dbiw
if %{dboc}>=315 and %{dboc}<320 then
%{dboc2}=230
endif
endmodel
model on file over dbiw
if %{dboc}>=320 and %{dboc}<=323 then
%{dboc2}=250
endif
endmodel
model on file over dbiw
if %{dboc}>323 then
%{dboc2}=255
endif
endmodel
GOTO 10000
!....1.0 deg...........
9000 model on file over dbiw
if %{dbic}=0 then
%{dboc2}=0
endif
endmodel
model on file over dbiw
if %{dbic}=1023 then
%{dboc2}=255
endif
endmodel
model on file over dbiw
if %{dbic}<240 and %{dbic}<>0 then
%{dboc2}=1
endif
endmodel
model on file over dbiw
if %{dbic}>=240 and %{dbic}<250 then
%{dboc2}=25
endif
endmodel
model on file over dbiw
if %{dbic}>=250 and %{dbic}<260 then
%{dboc2}=38
endif
endmodel
model on file over dbiw
if %{dbic}>=260 and %{dbic}<270 then
%{dboc2}=45
endif
endmodel
model on file over dbiw
if %{dbic}>=270 and %{dbic}<280 then
%{dboc2}=62
endif
endmodel
model on file over dbiw
if %{dbic}>=280 and %{dbic}<290 then
%{dboc2}=125
endif
endmodel
model on file over dbiw
if %{dbic}>=290 and %{dbic}<300 then
%{dboc2}=150
endif
endmodel
model on file over dbiw
if %{dbic}>=300 and %{dbic}<310 then
%{dboc2}=170
endif
endmodel
model on file over dbiw
if %{dbic}>=310 and %{dbic}<320 then
%{dboc2}=200
endif
endmodel
model on file over dbiw
if %{dbic}>=320 and %{dbic}<=323 then
%{dboc2}=250
endif
endmodel
model on file over dbiw
if %{dbic}>323 then
%{dboc2}=255
endif
endmodel
10000 call DBClose(fd)