F-CDM-SSC-NM ver01
CDM: form for proposed new small scale methodologies
(F-CDM-SSC-NM) (version 01)
(To be used for proposing a new small scale methodology in accordance with article
15 and 16 of the simplified modalities for small-scale CDM project activity categories.
This form is not to be used in case of large scale methodologies).
Name of person/entity submitting this form:
Title of the proposed small scale methodology:
Please suggest type to which the new
proposed methodology (category) belongs to:
Low GHG production of charcoal
Type I Renewable energy projects
Type II Energy efficiency improvements
Type III Other project activities
Information for completing the form
For proposing a new small scale methodology all sections below should be completed. Approved small scale
methodologies shall be used as a reference for language and structure used. If necessary, attach files or
refer to sources of relevant information.
1. Technology/measure: please specify and provide reference to the exact technology/measure the
proposed small scale methodology is applicable to and describe in detail the applicability
conditions of the proposed methodology.
>>
The methodology is applicable under the following conditions:

The project is the installation and operation of new low GHG charcoal production kilns.

All kilns installed offer a year-round average gravimetric yield (quantity of charcoal per amount of dry
wood used) of at least 30%.

This methodology is not applicable for the production of charcoal products derived from biowastes.

The total emissions reductions must be less than 60,000 tCO2/yr;

The project does not supply charcoal to large scale users such as industrial facilities;

The project supplies charcoal to one or more identified areas in which charcoal is consumed as fuel for
households, small and medium businesses and cottage industries. The charcoal is not supplied to large
scale industries.

The project is able to demonstrate that it does not accelerate the depletion of biomass stocks. This can
be demonstrated by:
o The retirement of traditional charcoal making activities on the community level – with the
inclusion of workers previously employed in the traditional charcoal production
o The distribution of efficient cookstoves
o An afforestation which provides on average a mean annual increment in biomass equal to
the depletion by the project.
o The implementation of a project for the production and use of alternative to wood-based
charcoal (e.g. bio-waste based charcoal, introduction of jatropha oil as cooking fuel, etc.)
o Any combination of the above
2. Boundary: please specify the project boundary of the proposed methodology.
>>
Emission sources
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For the project activity, participants should account for the following elements:
- Emissions from the use of non-renewable biomass
- Emissions from the pyrolysis gases
- Emissions from the use of electricity
Spatial boundary
The spatial extent of the project boundary encompasses all charcoal production facilities included in the
project. This includes among others the carbonization units included in the project as well as areas for
storage, processing, bagging and weighting of inputs (wood mix) and outputs (charcoal).
3. Baseline: please specify the baseline scenario and the way baseline emissions are calculated.
>>
Step 1: define the pool of charcoal users supplied
(a) Identify the location of project charcoal kilns and associated areas of wood supply
(b) Indentify the pool(s) of charcoal consumers (this pool of charcoal consumer has to remain the same ion
the baseline and the project). Pools of charcoal consumers can among others be cities and densely
populated areas with an established charcoal market
Step 2: standard combined baseline and additionality test
Only the following baseline is applicable under this methodology:
CC1: The baseline scenario is the production of charcoal from the informal charcoal sector
The validity of baseline CC1 can be demonstrated using option 1, 2, or 3. The overall procedure is illustrated
in figure 1:
Figure 1: Baseline applicability procedure
Option 1: baseline applicability based on socio-economic factors
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The baseline CC1 is deemed applicable if either one of the following conditions is fulfilled:
(i) The project is located in an LDC as defined by the UN; As of 2011, the following countries
are considered LDCs1:
a. Africa: Angola; Benin; Burkina Faso; Burundi; Central African Republic; Chad;
Comoros; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Djibouti; Equatorial Guinea; Eritrea;
Ethiopia; Gambia; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; Lesotho; Madagascar; Malawi; Mali;
Mauritania; Mozambique; Niger; Rwanda; São Tomé and Príncipe; Senegal; Sierra
Leone; Somalia; Sudan; Togo; Uganda United Republic of Tanzania; Zambia;
b. Asia: Afghanistan; Bangladesh; Bhutan; Cambodia; Kiribati; Lao People’s
Democratic Republic; Myanmar; Nepal; Samoa; Solomon Islands; Timor-Leste;
Tuvalu; Vanuatu; Yemen
c. Latin America and the Caribbean: Haiti
(ii) The project is located in a Low Income Country (LIC) as defined by the UN and over 90% of
the total charcoal production is from the informal charcoal sector (NB: charcoal production
systems from efforts supported by NGOs, multilateral organization, ODA, the CDM or other
forms of carbon finance can be ignored).
(iii) The project is located in a special underdeveloped zone (SUZ) of the host country identified
by the Government before 28 May 2010;
(iv) The project located is located in an area2 with observed poverty defined as an average of
less than $2 per capita per day3.
Option 2: deemed baseline applicability for listed countries
The project is located to a country where the baseline is deemed applicable as listed in the Annex 2 of this
methodology.
Option 3: baseline applicability based on non-enforcement of laws protecting forests
For low income countries and lower middle income countries baseline applicability can be demonstrated
based on sub-step 1b and sub-step 2b of the “Tool for the demonstration and assessment of additionality”.
Table 1:
Step of the tool and corresponding test for option 3: baseline applicability based on nonenforcement of laws protecting forests.
Step of the
tool
Step 1: Identification of alternatives to the project activity consistent with
current laws and regulation:
If an alternative does not comply with all mandatory applicable legislation and
regulations, then show that, based on an examination of current practice in the
country or region in which the law or regulation applies, those applicable legal or
regulatory requirements are systematically not enforced and that noncompliance
with those requirements is widespread in the country. If this cannot be shown,
then eliminate the alternative from further consideration;
1
http://www.unohrlls.org/en/ldc/related/62/
The area is defined as the charcoal production area. The limit does not apply to areas of charcoal consumption
which are typically urban areas with higher income levels.
3
The definition of moderate poverty used by the World Bank was of $2 per person per day. In case of a more
recent definition, project proponent can use the updated figure.
2
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Corresponding
test
Establish that at least 50% of the charcoal produced in the country or region,
with the exclusion of supported efforts4 is from illegal wood harvests or illegal
charcoal making. This can be established through a local survey, from existing
literature, maps or statement by the country DNA
Step of the
tool
Sub-step 2b: Option I. Apply simple cost analysis.
Document the costs associated with the CDM project activity and the
alternatives identified in Step 1 and demonstrate that there is at least one
alternative which is less costly than the project activity.
Corresponding
test
Establish that the proposed production chain for charcoal products would require
an investment of more than $9 per tonne of charcoal product per year.
Outcome
according to
the tool
Outcome of Step 2: If after the sensitivity analysis it is concluded that: (1) the
proposed CDM project activity is unlikely to be the most financially/ economically
attractive (as per Step 2c para 11a) or is unlikely to be financially/economically
attractive (as per Step 2c para 11b), then proceed to Step 4 (Common practice
analysis).
Outcome in
the
methodology
The project is additional.
Step 3: calculation of baseline emissions
Baseline emissions consist of:
(a)
CO2 and CO emissions5 from the partial combustion of biomass in the pyrolysis process.
Such emissions are only taken into account for the share of baseline biomass which is
estimated to be of non-renewable origin.
(b)
Emissions of CH4 from the pyrolysis gases associated with the traditional charcoal making
process.
Baseline emissions are calculated as follows:
(1)

BE y   QCCP ,i y  CFNCV ,i , y  f NRB,BLwood , y  K CO2  K CH 4  GWPCH 4 , y

i
Where:
BEy
QCCP,i,y
CFNCV,i,y
=
=
=
fNRB,BL,wood,y
=
KCO2
=
KCH4
=
GWPCH4,y
=
Baseline emissions in year y (t CO2e/yr)
Produced quantity of charcoal product i in year y (t CO2e/yr)
Correction factor for the project to baseline net calorific value of charcoal product i
in year y (-)
Fraction of woody biomass used in the absence of the project activity in year y
that can be established as non-renewable biomass using survey methods
(t CO2/yr)
Emission factor for CO2 emissions as found in the consolidated GHG database
for the informal charcoal sector (tCO2e/t standard charcoal)
Emission factor for methane emissions as found in the consolidated GHG
database for the informal charcoal sector (tCO2e/t standard charcoal)
Latest IPCC global warming potential of methane (tCO2e/tCH4)
4
Charcoal production units and facilities with financial, technologic or training support from NGOs, multilateral
organization, ODA, the CDM or other forms of carbon finance can be classified as supported efforts.
Governmental support however cannot be considered as supported effort.
5
Similar to AM0009 in its version 3, the oxidation factor of CO is assumed to be 100%, thus all CO emissions
will be treated as CO2 emissions
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The following defaults factors can be used:
Table 2: Baseline calculation default factors
Variable
Default factor
Unit
CFNCV,i,,y
1
-
Applicability condition
(i) Yearly random sampling of
charcoal show the average carbon
content in project charcoal to be
higher than the average value found
in the consolidated GHG database for
the informal charcoal sector, or
(ii) Combination of biomass
feedstock and technology leading to
demonstrated carbon content in
charcoal higher than the average
value found in the consolidated GHG
database for the informal charcoal
sector.
KCO2
value found in the
consolidated GHG
database for the
informal charcoal
sector.
kg CO2 / kg charcoal
none
KCH4
value found in the
consolidated GHG
database for the
informal charcoal
sector.
kg CO2e from
methane / kg
charcoal
none
The correction factor for the project to baseline heat content of charcoals CFNCV,y can be determined on the
basis of annex 3:
4. Leakage: please specify if leakage emissions can occur and how they should be calculated.
>>
Under this methodology, for all kilns with a power consumption, corresponding leakages should be taken
into account: this can be done either from the metered power consumption or by applying a default
emission factor:
Option 1: calculation of LEEC,k,y from the metered year-round power consumption
(2) LEEC ,k , y  1.3 
 EC
k,y
k
Where:
LEtransp,y
ECk,y
=
=
Leakage emissions from electricity consumption at the carbonization unit k in year
y
Net consumption of power from the grid or from diesel generator for the charcoal
production facility k in year y
Option 2: calculation of LEEC,k,y from the metered year-round power consumption
(3) LE EC ,k , y  0.05  BE y
LEtransp,y
=
ECk,y
=
Leakage emissions from electricity consumption at the carbonization unit k in year
y
Net consumption of power from the grid or from diesel generator for the charcoal
production facility k in year y
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5. Project activity emissions: please specify possible project activity emissions and how they
should be calculated.
>>
Project emissions are calculated as the sum of the following three components:
(a)
CO2 and CO emissions from the partial combustion of biomass in the pyrolysis process.
Such emissions are only taken into account for the share of baseline biomass which is
estimated to be of non-renewable origin.
(b)
Emissions of CH4 from the pyrolysis gases associated with project charcoal making process.
Step 2: determination of the project emission factor for CO2 and CO emissions in the pyrolysis
gases:
The emission factor for the CO2 and CO gases resulting from the pyrolysis of the biomass are calculated
according as follows:
 f

(4) PE y   QCCP ,i , y  NRB,PJ, j,k,y  CCi  44  EFCH 4, PJ , j ,. k , y 
 Yield

12
k
PJ , j , k , y


Where:
PEy
= Project emissions from the production of charcoal in year y (tCO2e/kg charcoal)
QCCP,i,y
= Produced quantity of charcoal product i in year y (t CO2e/yr)
fNRB,PJ,i,k,y
= Fraction of biomass of type j used in the project in the charcoal kiln k in year y
that can be established as non-renewable biomass using survey methods (-)
YieldPJ,i,k,y
= Charcoal yield from biomass j used in the charcoal kiln k in the project in year y
(kg charcoal/kg dry wood)
CCi
= Average carbon content in the biomass j used in the project (kg carbon/kg dry
biomass)
EFCH4,PJ,j,k
= Methane emission factor from the pyrolysis of the biomass type j in the charcoal
kiln type k
Where YieldBL is estimated in accordance with the procedure in Annex 2
For the calculation, the following emission factors can be used:
Table 3: Default factors for the calculation of project emissions
Variable
Default factor
Unit
Applicability condition
fNRB,PJ,i,k,y
0
Only if the wood is from a newly established
dedicated plantation
CCi
0.45
kg carbon/kg
The wood used is a mixture of wood from local forest
wood
EFCH4,y
0.9 x KCH4
g CH4/t charcoal
If the methane stream is used for a power generation
purpose
If the technology used is a retort kiln in which the
methane stream is re-used in the charcoal production
process.
KCH4
g CH4/t charcoal
none
(value found in
the consolidated
GHG database
for the informal
charcoal sector)
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6. Monitoring: Please specify which parameters should be monitored and how they should be
monitored.
>>
The monitoring requirements of this methodology are set in accordance with a reasonable compromise
between accuracy and monitoring cost. For this reason, the requirements depend on the size of the charcoal
producing facility.
Table 4. Parameters monitored
Para-meter
QCCP,i,y
CFNCV,i,y
Description
Unit
Produced
quantity of
charcoal
product i in
year y
(t CO2e/yr)
Tonnes
Carbon
content of
project
charcoal in
year y
(%mass)
Monitoring/recording
Frequency
Continuous monitoring
with monthly recording
See detail in Annex 3
In cases where mixed
forest wood are used,
the measured value
should be updated at
least every two years
fNRB,BL,wood,y
ECk,y
EFCH4,PJ,y,k
Fraction of
nonrenewable
biomass
Electricity
consumption
for the
charcoal
production
facility k in
the year y
Methane
emission
factor from
the pyrolysis
of the
biomass type
j in the
charcoal kiln
type k
%
MWh
t CH4 /
t charcoal
Either (i) updated every
two year or (ii) fixed exante at the beginning of
each crediting period
Continuously; hourly
measurement and at
least monthly recording
Continuous monitoring,
hourly measurement
and at least monthly
recording.
Continuous monitoring,
hourly measurement
and at least monthly
recording.
Measurement Methods and
Procedures
a) Direct measurement (e.g. use of a
scale) of the weight of charcoal
products supplied, or
b) Calculation of the total weight of
charcoal supplied from the number of
bags shipped and the average weight of
charcoal product per bag.
Use of procedures listed in Annex 3
Sampling of charcoal pieces randomly
taken from charcoal bags over the
monitoring interval from several
representative carbonization campaign
from a representative sample of
carbonization and adjusted on the basis
of 5% moisture content in charcoals.
Determination in accordance with
Annex 1 of this methodology
Measurements are undertaken using
electricity meters.
In case of identical charcoal making
kilns, the electricity consumption can be
extrapolated from the specific electricity
consumption from at least 15% of the
production sites.
Direct metering of all charcoal kilns
Direct metering of a sample of charcoal
production kiln and interpolation to
identical kilns
7. Project activity under a programme of activities: if the proposed methodology is also intended
for application to a project activity under a programme of activities (CPA of PoA) guidance on
consideration of leakage when applying to the CPA of PoA shall be provided.
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>>
In case the project activity is implemented as a programme of activities, the following applies:
- The fraction of non-renewable biomass has to be determined for each defined geographic area (e.g.
country) in which a CPA is implemented.
- The demonstration that the project does not accelerate the depletion of biomass stocks using Annex 2
can be performed for a group of CPA with a defined cumulated production capacity in a determined
country or geographic area. The test of the compliance with this applicability condition does not need to
be repeated for each CPA. For example, measures reducing the charcoal production by 20’000 tonnes
per year could be found adequate for a total implementation of CPAs in the region which together
increase the wood harvest by 20’000/YieldBL≈100’000 tonnes of wood per year.
- Once the compliance with the applicability condition of a minimum year-round average gravimetric yield
has been established, this compliance can be extrapolated to similar or identical charcoal kilns
operating on a similar input of woody biomass (e.g. same forest wood mix).
Date you are delivering the contribution:
Information to be completed by the secretariat
F-CDM-SSC-NM doc id number
Related to SSC-Submission number
Date when the form was received at UNFCCC secretariat
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Annex 1
GENERIC PROCEDURE FOR ESTIMATING THE SHARE OF NON-RENEWABLE BIOMASS USED
IN THE PROJECT
Differentiation between non-renewable and renewable woody biomass
1.
Project participants shall determine the shares of renewable and non-renewable woody
biomass in B y (the quantity of woody biomass used in the absence of the project activity) the total
biomass consumption using nationally approved methods (e.g. surveys or government data if
available) and then determine f NRB , y as described below. The following principles shall be taken
into account:
Demonstrably renewable woody biomass6 (DRB)
Woody7 biomass is “renewable” if one of the following two conditions is satisfied:
1. The woody biomass is originating from land areas that are forests8 where:
(a)
The land area remains a forest;
(b)
Sustainable management practices are undertaken on these land areas to ensure, in
particular, that the level of carbon stocks on these land areas does not systematically
decrease over time (carbon stocks may temporarily decrease due to harvesting); and
(c)
Any national or regional forestry and nature conservation regulations are complied
with.
2. The biomass is woody biomass and originates from non-forest areas (e.g. croplands,
grasslands) where:
(a)
The land area remains cropland and/or grasslands or is reverted to forest;
(b)
Sustainable management practices are undertaken on these land areas to ensure
in particular that the level of carbon stocks on these land areas does not
systematically decrease over time (carbon stocks may temporarily decrease due
to harvesting); and
(c)
Any national or regional forestry, agriculture and nature conservation
regulations are complied with.
Non-renewable biomass
Non-renewable woody biomass (NRB) is the quantity of woody biomass used in the absence of the
project activity ( B y ) minus the DRB component, as long as at least two of the following supporting
indicators are shown to exist:
6
7
8
This definition uses elements of annex 18, EB 23.
In cases of charcoal produced from woody biomass, the demonstration of renewability shall be done for the
areas where the woody biomass is sourced.
The forest definitions as established by the country in accordance with the decisions 11/CP.7 and 19/CP.9
should apply.
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
A trend showing an increase in time spent or distance travelled for gathering fuelwood, by users (or fuel-wood suppliers) or alternatively, a trend showing an increase
in the distance the fuel-wood is transported to the project area;

Survey results, national or local statistics, studies, maps or other sources of
information, such as remote-sensing data, that show that carbon stocks are depleting
in the project area;

Increasing trends in fuel wood prices indicating a scarcity of fuel-wood;

Trends in the types of cooking fuel collected by users that indicate a scarcity of
woody biomass.
2.
Thus, the fraction of woody biomass saved by the project activity in year y that can be
established as non-renewable, is:
f NRB , y 
NRB
NRB  DRB
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(1)
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Annex 2
GENERIC PROCEDURE FOR ESTIMATING THE YIELD OF THE CHARCOAL MAKING
FACILITY
Option 1: Determination via gravimetric measurements of inputs and outputs
This is the preferred option. The charcoal yield is determined as follows:
(1) Yield PJ , j 
Qbm, j , y
QCCP ,i , y
Where:
YieldPJ,j
=
Qbm,j,y
=
QCCP,i,y
=
Standardised charcoal yield for the woody biomass of type j used in the baseline
(kg charcoal/kg biomass)
Quantity of woody biomass j, consumed in year y for the production of charcoal
(tonnes)
Quantity of charcoal y produced in year y from the biomass j (tonnes)
Table 4. Monitoring for option 2
ParaDescription
Unit
meter
QCCP,i,y
Quantity of
Tonnes
charcoal
produced in the
project in the year
y
Qbm,i,y
Dry weight of
biomass j,
consumed in year
y for the
production of
charcoal
Tonnes
Monitoring/recording
Frequency
Continuous monitoring
with monthly recording.
Continuous monitoring
with monthly recording.
Measurement Methods and
Procedures
a) Direct measurement (e.g. use of a
scale) of the weight of charcoal products
supplied, or
b) Calculation of the total weight of
charcoal supplied from the number of
bags shipped and the average weight of
charcoal product per bag; the average
weight per charcoal bag should be
obtained by sampling.
a) Weighted mass of biomass,
measurement of the moisture content
and determination of the oven dry mass
of biomass, or
b) Calculated from equation (2) of this
annex
For the use of mixed wood as biomass, Qbm,i,y can be calculated as follows:
(2) Qbm,i , y   wood , y  0.65  Vstacked , y
Where:
Qbm,j,y
=
ρwood,y
=
Vstacked,y
=
Dry weight of biomass j, consumed in year y for the production of charcoal
(tonnes).
Average density of the woody biomass j consumed (tonnes/m3) – measured on
an oven-dry basis.
Measured volume of stacked wood (m3 stacked).
Table 4. Monitoring for option 3
ParaDescription
meter
Vstacked,y
Measured volume of
stacked wood
m3 stacked
wood
Monitoring/recording
Frequency
Continuously for each
new batch of wood.
ρwood,y
tonnes /m3
N.A.
Density of wood used
Unit
Measurement Methods and
Procedures
Measurement of stacked wood
(e.g. use of a standard container
of a given capacity defined in
m 3)
Option 4: Standardised values
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Under this option, the conservative default values can be applied:
Type of charcoal making kiln
Adam retort kiln
Brick beehive kiln
Lambiotte kiln
Steel kiln
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Default value to be applied
0.30
0.30
0.34
0.27
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Annex 3
DETERMINATION OF THE CORRECTION FACTOR FOR THE PROJECT TO BASELINE NET
CALORIFIC VALUE OF CHARCOAL PRODUCTS
Charcoal products manufactured in the project facilities might not produce fuels with the same
calorific value as the average considered in the baseline. This might be due to differences in (i)
operating parameters of the carbonization process as well as (ii) the types of inputs (types and quality
of biomass). For this reason, CFNCV,i,y (correction factor for the project to baseline net calorific value
of charcoal product i in year y has to be determined.
The reference for CFNCV,i,y should be derived from the latest version of the “consolidated GHG
database for the informal charcoal sector”.
CFNCV,i,y can be determined according to the following options 1 to 3:
Option 1: deemed value:
For all charcoal from mixed forests and mixed plantations, the following assumption can be made:
CFNCV ,i , y  1
Where:
CFNCV,i,y
(1)
= Correction factor for the project to baseline net calorific value of charcoal product i in
year y (-)
Option 2: determination of CFNCV,i,y based on the direct measured net calorific value:
CFNCV ,i , y 
Where:
CFNCV,i,y
NCVi,PJ,y
NCVBL,Std,y
NCVi ,PJ , y
(2)
NCVBL,Std , y
= Correction factor for the project to baseline net calorific value of charcoal product i in
year y (-)
= Net calorific value (LHV) for the charcoal product i produced in year y in the project
(GJ/t)
= Standard net average calorific value of the baseline charcoal produced, as found in the
“consolidated GHG database for the informal charcoal sector” (GJ/t)
Option 3: determination of CFNCV,i,y based on the three feedstock sizes
In accordance with the correlation developed by Parikh et al. (2005) as found in Misginna et al., the
correction factor can be determined based on the following equation:
CFNCV ,i , y 
Where:
CFNCV,i,y
0.3536  FCi ,PJ , y  0.1559  VM i ,PJ , y  0.0078  ASH i ,PJ , y
NCVBL,Std , y
(3)
= Correction factor for the project to baseline net calorific value of charcoal product i in
year y (-)
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FCi,PJ,y
VMi,PJ,y
ASHi,PJ,y
NCVBL,Std,y
= Carbon content in the charcoal product from the biomass type i, in year y (kg carbon /
kg charcoal product)
= Share of volatile matter in the charcoal product from the biomass type i, in year y (kg
volatile matter / kg charcoal product)
= Ash content in the charcoal product from the biomass type i, in year y (kg ash / kg
charcoal product)
= Standard net average calorific value of the baseline charcoal produced, as found in the
“consolidated GHG database for the informal charcoal sector”.
Values of the literature can be used for the most common wood types representing over 80% of the
biomass input.
Option 4: determination of CFNCV,i,y based on the measured carbon content
CFNCV ,i , y 
Where:
CFNCV,i,y
FCj,PJ,y
FCBL,Std,y
FC j , PJ , y
FC BL,Std , y
(4)
= Correction factor for the project to baseline net calorific value of charcoal product i in
year y (-)
= Carbon content in the charcoal product from the woody biomass type j, in year y (kg
carbon / kg charcoal product)
= Standard carbon content of the baseline charcoal produced, as found in the
“consolidated GHG database for the informal charcoal sector”.
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