Cell Structure and Functions
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. The invention of the microscope made it possible for people to discover
a. plants.
b. skin.
c. animals.
d. cells.
2. Which of the following statements is part of the cell theory?
a. Only plants are composed of cells.
b. All cells are produced from other cells.
c. Cells can be produced from nonliving matter.
d. Cells are one of several basic units of structure and function in living things.
3. Which of the following statements is NOT part of the cell theory?
a. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
b. All cells are produced from other cells.
c. Only animals are composed of cells.
d. All living things are composed of cells.
4. Cells in multicellular organisms
a. all look the same.
b. all have the same structure.
c. are often quite different from each other.
d. are the same size in every part of the organism.
5. What is the function of a cell wall?
a. to protect and support the cell
b. to perform different functions in each cell
c. to prevent water from passing through it
d. to prevent oxygen from entering the cell
6. What is the function of a cell membrane?
a. to support the cell
b. to perform different functions in each cell
c. to control what enters and leaves the cell
d. to form a hard outer covering for the cell
7. Which organelle is the control center of a cell?
a. mitochondrion
b. ribosome
c. nucleus
d. chloroplast
8. Which of the following best describes the function of mitochondria?
a. They convert energy from food molecules into energy the cell can use.
b. They store energy from food molecules.
c. They store energy from sunlight.
d. They produce nucleic acids that release energy.
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9. Which organelles store food and other materials needed by the cell?
a. mitochondria
b. chloroplasts
c. ribosomes
d. vacuoles
10. Which organelles release chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller
ones?
a. endoplasmic reticulum
b. Golgi bodies
c. lysosomes
d. vacuoles
11. Which structures found in plant cells are also found in animal cells?
a. endoplasmic reticulum and cell wall
b. Golgi bodies and chloroplasts
c. chloroplasts and lysosomes
d. ribosomes and cell membrane
12. When two or more elements combine chemically, they form a(n)
a. lipid.
b. atom.
c. element.
d. compound.
13. Why is water important for a cell?
a. Water is the main ingredient in DNA.
b. All proteins are made of water.
c. Most chemical reactions in cells require water.
d. Water is an essential organic compound for the body.
14. All organic compounds contain the element
a. water.
b. oxygen.
c. carbon.
d. nitrogen.
15. Enzymes are important because they
a. contain water.
b. speed up chemical reactions.
c. contain genetic material.
d. help the cell maintain its shape.
16. Sugar molecules can combine with one another to form large molecules called
a. proteins.
b. starches.
c. enzymes.
d. lipids.
17. Which term refers to the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to
an area of lower concentration?
a. collision
b. diffusion
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19.
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20.
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21.
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22.
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24.
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25.
c. active transport
d. concentration
Which term refers to the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable
membrane?
a. osmosis
b. engulfing
c. active transport
d. passive transport
Which term refers to the movement of materials through a cell membrane without using
the cell’s energy?
a. concentration
b. collision
c. active transport
d. passive transport
The invention of the light microscope differed from earlier microscopes as it
a. did not use an oil lamp for lighting.
b. used more than one lens.
c. focused light up through a specimen.
d. featured a tube with an eyepiece.
Though cells in living things are put together in many ways to form different structures,
all cells
a. are identical in size.
b. carry out the exact same function.
c. carry out similar life processes.
d. work with only one other type of cell.
A cell, tissue, and organ are all related to an organ system in that each
a. is part of a unicellular organism.
b. is made of many organ systems.
c. has the same function.
d. is a part of an organ system.
In multicellular organisms, cells are organized into
a. tissues, which make up organs, which make up organ systems.
b. organs, which make up tissues, which make up organ systems.
c. organ systems, which make up tissues.
d. organs, which make up organ systems.
Depending on the cell, one thing a cell wall and cell membrane may have in common is
a. either may separate a cell from its environment.
b. both are present in all cells.
c. neither can prevent harmful materials from entering the cell.
d. one cannot exist without the other.
The flattened shape of a red blood cell is an example of
a. cell mitochondria determining food production.
b. complementary cell structure and function.
c. lysosomes breaking down dead material and shaping the cell.
d. lack oxygen in the cell.
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26. Elements are related to compounds in that
a. neither has atoms.
b. compounds are made up of elements.
c. both are found only in living organisms.
d. elements are made up of compounds.
27. If a cell has lost a great deal of water, you might expect its temperature
a. to stay the same.
b. to be subject to rapid change.
c. to steadily decrease over time.
d. to be unaffected.
28. Osmosis and diffusion are related in that
a. both are methods to stop movement of molecules across a cell membrane.
b. osmosis is the movement of water across the cell membrane by diffusion.
c. both involve the movement of large molecules across the cell membrane.
d. both processes only work in red blood cells.
29. Movement across a cell membrane that requires energy is called
a. active transport.
b. passive transport.
c. engulfing.
d. absorption.
30. If a cell’s nucleus lacked chromatin, the nucleus would
a. be unable to receive materials through the nuclear envelope.
b. lose all its genetic information and its ability to direct the cell’s activities.
c. reproduce at more than twice the normal rate.
d. be unable to convert energy in food molecules.
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make
the statement true.
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31. You can’t see the cells in your body because most of them are very small.
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32. A microscope is an instrument that makes distant objects look larger.
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33. The cell theory states that cells are produced from nonliving cells.
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34. Organelles that use energy from sunlight to produce food are called mitochondria.
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35. Since carbon cannot be broken down into simpler substances, it is an example of a(n)
compound. _________________________
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36. In passive transport, materials move from an area of higher concentration to an area of
lower concentration through a cell membrane. _________________________
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37. The compound carbon dioxide is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen
atom. _________________________
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38. Carbohydrates and lipids serve similar functions in that they are a source of cellulose for
the cell. _________________________
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39. Plants and bacteria contain tissues, organs, and organ systems comprised of cells.
_______________________
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40. Protein helps break down chemicals needed by cells, maintains the size and shape of
cells, and regulates cell temperature.____________________
Completion
Complete each statement.
41. A microscope allowed Hooke to see “tiny rectangular rooms,” which he called
____________________.
42. Cells are the basic units of structure and ____________________ in living things.
43. According to the cell theory, all organisms are made of ____________________.
44. The nucleus of a cell has thin strands of ____________________ that contain genetic
material.
45. Small grainlike bodies called ____________________ produce proteins inside cells.
46. Organelles known as ____________________ contain chemicals that break down food
particles and old cell parts.
47. A structure found in plant cells but not in animal cells is the cell
____________________.
48. When two or more elements combine chemically, they form a(n)
____________________.
49. Sugars and starches are examples of organic compounds known as
____________________.
50. DNA and RNA belong to the group of organic compounds known as
____________________.
51. Small molecules called ____________________ make up proteins.
52. Oxygen molecules move across cell membranes through a process called
____________________.
53. The diffusion of ____________________ molecules through a selectively permeable
membrane is called osmosis.
54. Unlike passive transport, active transport requires the cell to use its own
____________________.
55. Your heart is made up of many groups of tissues that are working together, therefore, it is
considered a(n) ____________________.
56. Energy from sunlight captured by________________________in plant cells enable
plants to convert energy into food.
57. A cell with a low concentration of oxygen will likely gain oxygen molecules from an area
with a higher oxygen concentration through the process of ____________________.
58. Just as multicellular organisms have organs to help their bodies carry out functions, an
individual cell has ___________________.
59. In an environment without adequate ________________, osmosis would cease to occur
and many cell functions would stop.
Short Answer
Use the diagram to answer each question.
60. Name two structures that are not found in the cell shown here but that are found in plant
cells.
61. Structure A is a Golgi body. Describe its function.
62. Identify the structures labeled B and describe their function.
63. Identify structure C and describe its function.
64. Identify the large round structure labeled D and describe its function.
65. Is the cell shown a plant cell? Explain your reasoning.
Use the diagram to answer each question.
66. Explain what would happen if some of the red blood cells were placed in beaker A.
67. Explain what would happen if some of the red blood cells were placed in beaker B.
68. In the human body, blood cells float in a watery liquid called plasma. Explain what
would happen if some of the red blood cells were placed in beaker C.
69. Suppose the test tube contained plant cells instead of red blood cells. What would
probably happen to the cells if they were placed in beaker A?
70. If the test tube contained plant cells, what would probably happen to the cells if they were
placed in beaker B?
71. Many single-celled organisms that live in fresh water have contractile vacuoles, which
remove excess water from their cytoplasm. Why does the environment in which these
organisms live make contractile vacuoles important?
Essay
72. Use the three points of the cell theory to explain how humans and bacteria are similar.
73. How is a cell membrane like a window screen?
74. Describe the functions of the nuclear envelope, chromatin, and nucleolus.
75. Contrast mitochondria and chloroplasts.
76. You are looking at the inside of a cell. Explain how you can tell whether the cell is
animal or plant.
77. State the function of each of the following: DNA, enzyme, fat, sugar. Classify each of
them into the group of organic compounds to which they belong.
78. Raising the temperature of a substance causes its molecules to move faster. Explain why
raising the temperature of a liquid would speed up diffusion.
79. Describe the two methods of active transport.
Cell Structure and Functions
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: CaLS.3.1.2 Explain how the invention of the microscope contributed to scientists'
understanding of living things.
STA: S 7.1
BLM: knowledge
2. ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: CaLS.3.1.3 State the cell theory.
STA: S 7.1
BLM: knowledge
3. ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.3.1.3 State the cell theory.
STA: S 7.1
BLM: comprehension
4. ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.3.1.4 Explain how the cells of multicellular organisms are related.
STA: S 7.1
BLM: comprehension
5. ANS: A
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: CaLS.3.2.1 Identify the role of the cell wall and the cell membrane in the cell.
STA: S 7.1.b
BLM: knowledge
6. ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: CaLS.3.2.3 Name the organelles found in cytoplasm and describe their functions.
STA: S 7.1.b
BLM: knowledge
7. ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: CaLS.3.2.2 Identify the role of the nucleus in the cell.
STA: S 7.1.c
BLM: knowledge
8. ANS: A
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: CaLS.3.2.3 Name the organelles found in cytoplasm and describe their functions.
STA: S 7.1.d
BLM: knowledge
9. ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: CaLS.3.2.3 Name the organelles found in cytoplasm and describe their functions.
STA: S 7.1.b
BLM: knowledge
10. ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: CaLS.3.2.3 Name the organelles found in cytoplasm and describe their functions.
STA: S 7.1.b
BLM: knowledge
11. ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.3.2.4 Describe how cells differ.
STA: S 7.1.b
BLM: comprehension
12. ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: CaLS.3.3.1 Define elements and compounds.
BLM: knowledge
13. ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: CaLS.3.3.2 Explain how water is important to the function of cells.
STA: S 7.1.a
BLM: knowledge
14. ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: CaLS.3.3.3 Identify the functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic
acids.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
BLM: knowledge
ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: CaLS.3.3.3 Identify the functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic
acids.
BLM: knowledge
ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: CaLS.3.3.3 Identify the functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic
acids.
STA: S 7.1.a
BLM: knowledge
ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: CaLS.3.4.1 Describe how most small molecules cross the cell membrane.
STA: S 7.1.a
BLM: knowledge
ANS: A
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: CaLS.3.4.2 Explain why osmosis is important to cells.
STA: S 7.1.a
BLM: knowledge
ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: CaLS.3.4.3 Tell the difference between passive transport and active transport.
STA: S 7.1.a
BLM: knowledge
ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.3.1.2 Explain how the invention of the microscope contributed to scientists'
understanding of living things.
STA: S 7.6.d
BLM: analysis
ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.3.1.1 Tell what cells are.
STA: S 7.1.a
BLM: comprehension
ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.3.1.4 Explain how the cells of multicellular organisms are related.
STA: S 7.5.b
BLM: comprehension
ANS: A
PTS: 1
DIF: L3
OBJ: CaLS.3.1.4 Explain how the cells of multicellular organisms are related.
STA: S 7.5.a
BLM: analysis
ANS: A
PTS: 1
DIF: L3
OBJ: CaLS.3.2.1 Identify the role of the cell wall and the cell membrane in the cell.
STA: S 7.1.b
BLM: analysis
ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: L3
OBJ: CaLS.3.2.4 Describe how cells differ.
STA: S 7.5
BLM: application
ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.3.3.1 Define elements and compounds.
BLM: comprehension
ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.3.3.2 Explain how water is important to the function of cells.
STA: S 7.1.a
BLM: application
ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.3.4.1 Describe how most small molecules cross the cell membrane.
STA: S 7.1.a
BLM: analysis
ANS: A
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.3.4.3 Tell the difference between passive transport and active transport.
STA:
30. ANS:
OBJ:
BLM:
S 7.1.a
BLM: comprehension
B
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
CaLS.3.2.2 Identify the role of the nucleus in the cell.
application
STA: S 7.1.c
MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE
31. ANS: T
OBJ: CaLS.3.1.1 Tell what cells are.
32. ANS: F, small
PTS: 1
STA: S 7.1
DIF: L2
BLM: comprehension
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.3.1.2 Explain how the invention of the microscope contributed to scientists'
understanding of living things.
STA: S 7.6.d
BLM: comprehension
33. ANS: F, living
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
STA: S 7.1
BLM: knowledge
34. ANS: F, chloroplasts
PTS:
OBJ:
STA:
35. ANS:
OBJ: CaLS.3.1.3 State the cell theory.
1
DIF: L1
CaLS.3.2.3 Name the organelles found in cytoplasm and describe their functions.
S 7.1.b
BLM: knowledge
F, element
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.3.3.1 Define elements and
compounds.
BLM: comprehension
36. ANS: T
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: CaLS.3.4.3 Tell the difference between passive transport and active transport.
STA: S 7.1.a
BLM: knowledge
37. ANS: F, water
PTS:
OBJ:
BLM:
38. ANS:
1
DIF: L2
CaLS.3.3.2 Explain how water is important to the function of cells.
comprehension
F, energy
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.3.3.3 Identify the functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic
acids.
BLM: application
39. ANS: F
animals
multicellular organisms
PTS:
OBJ:
STA:
40. ANS:
1
DIF: L2
CaLS.3.1.4 Explain how the cells of multicellular organisms are related.
S 7.1.a
BLM: application
F, Water
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.3.3.2 Explain how water is important to the function of cells.
STA: S 7.1.a
BLM: comprehension
COMPLETION
41. ANS: cells
PTS: 1
STA: S 7.1
42. ANS: function
DIF: L1
BLM: knowledge
OBJ: CaLS.3.1.1 Tell what cells are.
PTS: 1
STA: S 7.1.a
43. ANS: cells
DIF: L1
BLM: knowledge
OBJ: CaLS.3.1.1 Tell what cells are.
PTS: 1
STA: S 7.1.a
44. ANS: chromatin
DIF: L1
BLM: knowledge
OBJ: CaLS.3.1.3 State the cell theory.
PTS:
OBJ:
STA:
45. ANS:
1
DIF: L1
CaLS.3.2.3 Name the organelles found in cytoplasm and describe their functions.
S 7.1.c
BLM: knowledge
ribosomes
PTS:
OBJ:
STA:
46. ANS:
1
DIF: L1
CaLS.3.2.3 Name the organelles found in cytoplasm and describe their functions.
S 7.1.b
BLM: knowledge
lysosomes
PTS:
OBJ:
STA:
47. ANS:
1
DIF: L1
CaLS.3.2.3 Name the organelles found in cytoplasm and describe their functions.
S 7.1.b
BLM: knowledge
wall
PTS: 1
STA: S 7.1.b
48. ANS: compound
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.3.2.4 Describe how cells differ.
BLM: comprehension
PTS: 1
DIF:
compounds.
BLM: knowledge
49. ANS: carbohydrates
L1
OBJ: CaLS.3.3.1 Define elements and
PTS:
OBJ:
acids.
BLM:
50. ANS:
1
DIF: L1
CaLS.3.3.3 Identify the functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic
PTS:
OBJ:
acids.
STA:
51. ANS:
1
DIF: L1
CaLS.3.3.3 Identify the functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic
PTS:
OBJ:
acids.
STA:
52. ANS:
1
DIF: L1
CaLS.3.3.3 Identify the functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic
PTS:
OBJ:
STA:
53. ANS:
1
DIF: L2
CaLS.3.4.1 Describe how most small molecules cross the cell membrane.
S 7.1.a
BLM: comprehension
water
PTS:
OBJ:
BLM:
54. ANS:
1
DIF: L1
CaLS.3.4.2 Explain why osmosis is important to cells.
knowledge
energy
PTS:
OBJ:
STA:
55. ANS:
1
DIF: L2
CaLS.3.4.3 Tell the difference between passive transport and active transport.
S 7.1.a
BLM: comprehension
organ
PTS:
OBJ:
STA:
56. ANS:
1
DIF: L2
CaLS.3.1.4 Explain how the cells of multicellular organisms are related.
S 7.5.a
BLM: application
chloroplasts
knowledge
nucleic acids
S 7.1.a
amino acids
S 7.1.a
diffusion
BLM: knowledge
BLM: knowledge
STA: S 7.1.a
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.3.3.2 Explain how water is important to the function of cells.
STA: S 7.1.d
BLM: comprehension
57. ANS: diffusion
PTS:
OBJ:
STA:
58. ANS:
1
DIF: L2
CaLS.3.4.1 Describe how most small molecules cross the cell membrane.
S 7.1.a
BLM: application
organelles.
PTS:
OBJ:
STA:
59. ANS:
1
DIF: L2
CaLS.3.1.4 Explain how the cells of multicellular organisms are related.
S 7.1.a
BLM: application
water
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.3.3.2 Explain how water is important to the function of cells.
STA: S 7.1.a
BLM: comprehension
SHORT ANSWER
60. ANS:
cell wall, chloroplast
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.3.2.3 Name the organelles found in cytoplasm and describe their functions.
STA: S 7.1.b
BLM: analysis
61. ANS:
Golgi bodies package proteins and other newly formed materials and distribute them to
other parts of the cell.
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: CaLS.3.2.3 Name the organelles found in cytoplasm and describe their functions.
STA: S 7.1.b
BLM: knowledge
62. ANS:
The structures are mitochondria. Mitochondria produce most of the energy the cell needs
to carry out its functions.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.3.2.3 Name the organelles found in cytoplasm and describe their functions.
STA: S 7.1.b
BLM: comprehension
63. ANS:
C is the endoplasmic reticulum, which transports proteins.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.3.2.3 Name the organelles found in cytoplasm and describe their functions.
STA: S 7.1.b
BLM: comprehension
64. ANS:
D is the nucleus, which directs all of the cell’s activities.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.3.2.3 Name the organelles found in cytoplasm and describe their functions.
STA: S 7.1.c
BLM: comprehension
65. ANS:
No, because it does not contain a cell wall or chloroplasts.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.3.2.3 Name the organelles found in cytoplasm and describe their functions.
STA: S 7.1.c
BLM: analysis
66. ANS:
In A, the concentration of water outside the cells would be greater than the concentration
of water inside the cells. Water would move into the cells by osmosis, causing them to
swell.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.3.4.2 Explain why osmosis is important to cells.
STA: S 7.1.a
BLM: application
67. ANS:
In B, the concentration of water outside the cells would be lower than the concentration
of water inside the cells. Water would move out of the cells by osmosis, causing them to
shrink.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.3.4.2 Explain why osmosis is important to cells.
STA: S 7.1.a
BLM: application
68. ANS:
In C, the concentration of water would be the same inside and outside the cells, because
plasma is the normal environment for the cells. The cells would keep their normal shape.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.3.4.2 Explain why osmosis is important to cells.
BLM: application
69. ANS:
Water would move into the cells by osmosis.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.3.4.2 Explain why osmosis is important to cells.
BLM: application
70. ANS:
In B, water would move out of the cells.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.3.4.2 Explain why osmosis is important to cells.
BLM: application
STA: S 7.1.a
STA: S 7.1.a
STA: S 7.1.a
71. ANS:
In fresh water, the concentration of water outside the cells is greater than the
concentration of water inside the cells. If the water that moves into the cells by osmosis is
not removed, the cells will swell and burst.
PTS: 1
DIF: L3
OBJ: CaLS.3.4.2 Explain why osmosis is important to cells.
BLM: synthesis
STA: S 7.1.a
ESSAY
72. ANS:
The first point is that humans and bacteria are made up of cells. Humans have many cells.
Bacteria have one cell. The second point is that cells are the basic unit of structure and
function in humans and bacteria. The third point is that new human and new bacterial
cells come only from other human and bacterial cells.
PTS: 1
DIF: L3
OBJ: CaLS.3.1.3 State the cell theory.
STA: S 7.1.a
BLM: synthesis
73. ANS:
A window screen lets air in and out, but keeps insects out. Similarly, the cell membrane
allows in materials that the cell needs and allows wastes to leave. However, it prevents
many harmful materials from entering.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.3.2.1 Identify the role of the cell wall and the cell membrane in the cell.
STA: S 7.1.b
BLM: analysis
74. ANS:
The nuclear membrane protects the nucleus. Chromatin contains genetic material that
directs the functions of a cell. The nucleolus is where ribosomes are made.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.3.2.3 Name the organelles found in cytoplasm and describe their functions.
STA: S 7.1.c
BLM: comprehension
75. ANS:
Mitochondria use food to release energy. They are found in both plant and animal cells.
Chloroplasts use energy to produce food. They are found in plant cells but not in animal
cells.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.3.2.3 Name the organelles found in cytoplasm and describe their functions.
STA: S 7.1.b
BLM: comprehension
76. ANS:
The cell is probably an animal cell if it has a nucleus but not a cell wall. The cell is
probably a plant cell if it has a nucleus, a cell wall, and chloroplasts.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.3.2.4 Describe how cells differ.
STA: S 7.1.b
BLM: application
77. ANS:
DNA is a nucleic acid that contains instructions that cells need to carry out the functions
of life. An enzyme is a protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing. Fat is
a lipid that stores energy in cells. Sugar is a carbohydrate that is used to produce energy.
PTS: 1
DIF: L3
OBJ: CaLS.3.3.2 Explain how water is important to the function of cells. | CaLS.3.3.3
Identify the functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. STA: S 7.1.a
BLM: synthesis
78. ANS:
Diffusion results from collisions between moving molecules. If the molecules are moving
faster, they will collide more frequently. That will make them spread out, or diffuse, more
quickly.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.3.4.1 Describe how most small molecules cross the cell membrane.
BLM: application
79. ANS:
One method involves transport proteins. Proteins in the cell membrane pick up molecules
and carry them in or out of the cell. Another method consists of engulfing. The cell
membrane engulfs a particle, then pinches off and forms a vacuole within the cell.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: CaLS.3.4.3 Tell the difference between passive transport and active transport.
STA: S 7.1.a
BLM: comprehension