Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi Araştırmaları; 2005
İbrahim CANPOLAT ve arkadaşları
EFFECTS OF BIOTIN OR ETHYLENEDIAMINE
DIHYDRIODIDE SUPPLEMENTATION ON CLAW
LESIONS IN CATTLE
*İbrahim CANPOLAT, *Sait BULUT, **Cafer Tayer İŞLER, ***Sema TİMURKAAN
* Department of Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Firat University, ELAZIG-TURKEY
**Mengen Tarım ve Köyişleri İlçe Müdürlüğü – BOLU – TURKEY
*** Department of Histology, Veterinary Faculty, Firat University, ELAZIG-TURKEY
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ABSTRACT
A controlled 12 months field trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of biotin or ethylenediamine
dihydriodide(EDDI) supplementation on hoof lesions in cattles. Sixty cows were studied and supplemented
with 20 mg/d biotin (n:20) or 50 mg/d EDDI (n:20) and control (n:20) by feeding. The claws of 60 cows
were trimmed three times at 4-months intervals, and hoof health was evaluated. At the final hoof trimming,
sole hemorrhages were significantly higher in control (42%) than biotin-supplemented animals (22%) and
EDDI - supplemented animals (26%). The incidents of cows affected with double soles, white line
separation, hoof wall grooves, digital dermatitis and horn erosion were not different between control and
biotin or EDDI supplemented animals.
Keywords: Biotin, Ethylenediamine Dihydriodide, Claw Lesion, Cattle
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
SIĞIRLARA ETHYLENEDIAMINE DIHYDRIODIDE VE
BIOTIN VERİLMESİNİN TIRNAK LEZYONLARI ÜZERİNE
ETKİLERİ
ÖZET
Bu kontrollü 12 aylık saha çalışmasında, sığırlara ethylenediamine dihydriodide(EDDI) ve biotin
verilmesinin ayak lezyonları üzerine etkileri araştırıldı. Çalışmada 60 sığır (biotin n:20, EDDI n:20 ve kontrol
n:20) kullanıldı ve ilaçlar yemlere ilave edilerek biotin 20 mg/d, EDDI 50 mg/d verildi. 60 sığırın tırnakları 4
ay süreyle 3 kez kesildi ve tırnak sağlığı yönünden değerlendirildi. Son tırnak kesiminde tabanda hemoraji
kontrol grubunda belirgin olarak yüksek %42, biotin verilenlerde %22 ve EDDI verilenlerde %26 olarak
bulundu. Çift taban oluşumu, beyaz çizgide ayrılma, tırnak duvarında büyüme, digital dermatitis ve tırnak
duvarı erezyonu yönünden gruplar arasında bir farklılık bulunmadı.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Biotin, Ethylenediamine Dihydriodide, Tırnak Lezyonları, Sığır.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1. INTRODUCTION
Lameness in cattle is a serious welfare
problem and causes significant economic loses.
Although the incidence of lamenessvaries between
farm 6 to 44 percent ( Arkins 1981) , an annual case
incidence of 25 to 30 per cent has been reported in
European surveys (Russell 1981, Whitaker et all.
1983) It is known that approximately 75% of
lameness is associated with claw horn lesions
(Logue et al., 1993). The disease process still
remains unclear although genetics, calving,
environment, previous lameness, and nutrition are
some factors that pre-dispose dairy cows to
lameness Bergsten & Frank 1996, Hırst et all.
2000) . It could be argued that nutrition is of
primary importance, since the protective qualities of
claw horn depend on its physical structure and this
is controlled by cellular processes affected by
nutrition. ( Lischer, 2002). Suplementing the diets
of cattles susupected of being inadequately suplied
with, zinc, EDDI, biotin,tetracycline esc. has been
effective in resolving existing claw lesions in a
number of studies (Lıvesey et all. 1984,1997,1998,
Logue et all 2000, Manson 1988). Ethylenediamine
hydriodide(EDDI) has been recommended and
prescribed as a feed suplement to aid in the
prevention of foot rot in the cattle (Berg at all.
1984). A number of studies have shown that
supplementation with the vitamin-biotin can
improve the hoof and claw horn quality of horses,
cattle, and swine (Kempson et al., 1989; Geyer &
56
Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi Araştırmaları; 2005
İbrahim CANPOLAT ve arkadaşları
Schulze, 1994; Zenker et al.,1995; Geyer, 1998;
Hochstetter, 1998). Recently many studies had
shown that supplementation biotin increased speed
of healing of white line lesions ( Midla et al., 1998,
Blowey et al., 2000), vertical fissures (Campbell et
al., 2000), sole ulcers ( Lıscher et al., 2002),
subclinical laminitis (Midla et al.,1998).
Table 1: Distribution of foot lesions between inner
and outer claws and between fore- and hindlimbs
Forelimbs
Number
Inner
5
claw...
Outer3
claw
Total
8
The objective of the present study was to
compare claw lesions, as assessed by clinical,
masroscopic and histological examination, in the
biotin and EDDI supplemented animals with that in
the control group.
%
6.4
Hindlimbs
Number
% Number
11
14.1 16
Total
%
20.5
3.8
59
75.6
62
79.4
10.2
70
89.
7
78
100
Table 2: Numbers of Foot Lesions
Foot lesion
Double soles
White line separation
White line apse
Digital dermatitis
Interdigital hyperplasia
Horn erosion
Others
Foot-lesions(total)
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
A controlled 12 months trial was conducted
to evaluate the effect of biotin or ethylenedaimine
dihydriodide(EDDI) supplementation on hoof
lesions in cattles. Sixty cows were studied and
supplemented with 20 mg/d biotin (n:20) or 50
mg/d EDDI (n:20) and control (n:20) by feeding.
Claw horn quality was evaluated on the basis of
macroscopic-clinical and histological examinations.
Clinical claw status was examined three times.
Following claw trimming, claws were graded for
texture, haemorrhages, cracks and further horn
defects at the localisation pad, sole, white line and
interdigital space. The severity of observed
alterations were classified according to a scoring
scheme. Samples for the histological examination
were obtained from the hoof trimming. Claw horn
samples were obtained by sawing a 20X20 mm horn
piece each time from the same region. Histological
specimen were stained with Hematoksilen-Eosin.
Number
11
9
13
12
11
16
8
78
Forelimbs
2
1
3
2
8
Hindlimbs
11
7
12
9
11
12
8
70
4. DISCUSSION
The various factors that may influence claw
horn, include physiological, seasonal, nutritional,
enviromental and management. Suplementing the
diets of cattles suspected of being inadequately
suplied with EDDI and biotin has been effective in
resolving existing claw lesions in a number of
studies (Bergsten & Frank 1996, Fitzgerald et all.,
2000, Hırst et all. 2000). Ethylenediamine
dihydriodide may be effective in controolling field
outbreaks of bovine foot rot. (Berg at all. 1984,
Maas at all. 1984). The overall incidence rate of
lameness (per 100 cows per year) was 68.9, with a
range of 31.6 to 11.5 some farm. The incidence
rates of the four most frequently reported causes of
lameness were sole ulcer, 13.8; white line
separation, 12.7; digital dermatitis, 12.0; and
interdigital necrobacillosis, 7.1 per 100 cows per
year. There was a significant difference in the
incidence rate of these four lesions between
supplemented and unsupplemented cows on two of
the five farms, with a significant decrease in
lameness in the cows supplemented with biotin
(Hedges 2001). The study was to determine the
effects of supplemental dietary biotin on the
prevalence of vertical fissures in beef cows15% of
the cows fed supplemental dietary biotin had
vertical fissures compared with 33% in the
nonsupplemented group (Campbell 2000). The
evaluate the effect of biotin supplementation on
hoof lesions, sole hemorrhages were significantly
higher in control (50%) vs. biotin-supplemented
animals (24%). The incidents of cows affected with
double soles, hoof wall grooves, and heel horn
erosion did not differ between control and biotinsupplemented animals (Bergsten et all. 1996).
3. RESULT
The horn lesions did not develop equally on
all claws. The hind outer claws were most prone to
injury and the hind inner claws the least. Which is
less in the fore feet (Table 1). The incidence of hoof
lesions recorded through out the trial in Table 2.
Biotin treated cattles where the final claw status was
clearly improved. Claw status in the group EDDİ
remained unchanged. At the final hoof trimming,
sole hemorrhages were significantly higher in
control (42%), biotin-supplemented animals (22%)
and ethylenedaimine dihydriodide - supplemented
animals(26%). Differences histological examination
of claw horn were not significant.
57
Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi Araştırmaları; 2005
İbrahim CANPOLAT ve arkadaşları
In this study; the final hoof trimming, sole
hemorrhages were significantly higher in control
(42%), biotin-supplemented animals (22%) and
ethylenedaimine dihydriodide - supplemented
animals (26%). The incidents of cows affected with
double soles, white line separation, hoof wall
grooves, digital dermatitis and horn erosion did not
different between control and biotin or
ethylenedaimine
dihydriodide
supplemented
animals. Therefore, biotin may best be considered as
an adjunct to prevention of foot diseases.
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