DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST
GEOLOGY FINAL
Learning Goal 30 Minerals
I can explain that rocks are made of minerals and describe the properties of common
minerals
1.
Minerals that break in irregular, round breaks have
a.
Cleavage
b.
Hardness
c.
Fracture
d.
Metallic luster
2.
True or False: The 7 mineral tests cannot be used on rocks that are a mixture of
minerals
a.
True
b.
False
3.
All of the following are tests for properties of a mineral except for
a.
Hardness
b. Texture
c.
Element
d.
Streak Color
4.
What are rocks mostly made up of?
a.
Organic material
b.
Fossils
c.
Dirt
d.
Minerals
5.
What is a characteristic of all minerals?
a. Minerals have a crystalline structure
b. Minerals are hard
c. All minerals are the same color
d. Minerals contain organic matter
Learning Goal 31 Minerals
I can group rock samples as sedimentary igneous, and metamorphic. I can draw the rock
cycle and explain the energy involved in each rock type being made.
6.
What produces igneous rocks?
a.
Pressure and Heat
b.
Earthquake
c.
Melting and Cooling
d. Weathering and Deposition
7.
What rock types do not form by the transfer of heat?
a.
Sedimentary rock
b.
Metamorphic rocks
c.
Igneous rocks
d. All three rock types use heat energy to be made
Use this chart to
answer #5
Metamorphic
Igneous
Sedimentary
Mineral
Shiny Air
holes
X
X
X
Flat
layers
X
X
X
Fossils Particles stuck
together
X
X
Glassy Crystals
X
X
X
X
X
X
8.
(Use the chart above)This rock has particles that are stuck together and has flat
layers. According to the key above it is . . .
a.
Sedimentary
b.
Mineral
c.
Metamorphic
d.
Igneous
9. (Use the chart above) If a rock has a glassy surface, crystals and is shiny it could be
either an igneous rock or a mineral. What should I look for to find out if it is igneous or
not.
a. Flat layers
b. Fossils
c. Particles stuck together
d. Air Holes
10. What events must happen for a rock to change from igneous to sedimentary?
a.
Melting, cooling
b. Weathering, erosion, deposition, cementation
c.
Heat, pressure
d.
Erosion, heat, melting
11.
What events must happen for a rock to change from an igneous rock to a
metamorphic rock?
a.
Melting, cooling
b. Weathering, erosion, deposition, cementation
c.
Heat, pressure
d.
Erosion, heat, melting
Learning Goal 32 Earth’s Surface Changes
I can use a model to demonstrate and explain how erosion, weathering and gravity
change the earth’s surface slowly over time.
12.
What term describes the movement of rock particles?
a.
Erosion
b.
Deposition
c.
Weathering
d.
Cementation
13. Which of the following is the breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces?
a. Cementation
b. Melting of rock
c. Weathering
d. Heat and pressure
14. Rivers and streams start from a high location and move to a lower location. The
earth’s surface can change dramatically over time because rivers and streams cut into the
surface of the earth. What type of force is responsible for this?
a.
Gravity
b.
Chemical
c.
Heat
d.
Balanced forces
15. How is gravity involved in changing the earth’s surface?
a. Gravity pulls only water down: example creating rivers
b. Gravity creates tilted layers: example tilting
c. Gravity doesn’t change the earth’s surface only weathering does that.
d. Gravity pulls everything down: example flattening/eroding mountains
16. Which of the following is a model for cementation?
a. Running water down an inclined tray of dirt
b. Using a hair dryer to blow sand across a box
c. Gluing pieces of sand together
d. both a & b
Learning Goal 33 Rock Layer & Dating
I can explain how rock layers are made and how you can tell which are younger and
older and how this relates to the organisms in younger rocks look most like organisms
today.
17.
How are sedimentary rock layers formed?
a. Rock layers are formed whenever magma flows outward from Earth.
b. Rock sediments melt into flat layers
c. Sediments deposit and cement on top of old sediment layers
d. Heat and pressure cause sediments to flatten out into sheets.
18.
Choose the best selection to finish the statement. “Fossils that are found
_________usually look more like the organisms that are alive today.”
In the top layers
Near a volcano
Close to an earthquake
In the bottom layers
a.
b.
c.
d.
19.
Scientists use relative dating to tell which fossils and rock layers are older than
others. Which statement best summarizes relative dating?
A. Dating a relative
b. Comparing different things to decide which item is older than another
c. Using chemicals to find the exact year a rock was formed
d. Using the color of a rock to determine the age
20.
True or False: Organisms can be put in chronological order (from youngest to
oldest) if you know what sedimentary rock layer they were discovered in?
a. True
b. False
Use the diagram to the right to answer question #4
21.
Finish the sentence: The fossil of the organism in layer A would look
_____________________.
1. Similar to organisms in layer C
2. Similar to organisms like dinosaurs
3. Similar to organism in layer D
4. Similar to organisms today
Learning Goal 34 Rock disconformities
I can explain faulting and folding in sedimentary layers
Use the diagram to answer questions #1
22.
What event made it so that the layers have bent?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Erosion
A Fault line
Folding
Intrustion of igneous rock (lava)
For #3 and #4 match the pictures with the correct type of disturbance to the rock layers.
A.
B.
23._______Folding
24._______Fault
25.
What types of disturbances can cause the layers to become “messed up” where the
older layers may end up higher than the younger?
a. Weathering
b. Erosion
c. Cementation
d. Folding/Faulting
26.
In the diagram above it shows examples of both folding and faulting. Of all the
layers, which one is the youngest?
a.
b.
c.
d.
27.
F
D
B
H
In the diagram, the layers D, E, F and G have clearly been dis-conformed before
the x/y change happened. What happened to these layers first?
a.
the layers have been dis-conformed by faulting first
b.
the layers have been dis-conformed by folding first
Learning goal 35 Fossils
I can explain how fossils are formed and how they show us about the history of
the earth.
28.
What must happen for an organism to be fossilized?
a. It must be decomposed completely
b. It must be buried quickly to prevent decomposition
c. It must have died at an early age
d. It must be in a desert at the time of death
29.
In a region of Wyoming covered by rolling hills, and desert a petrified shark’s
tooth was found. Since sharks live in salt water what does this fossil indicate
about the geological history of this region?
a. it was once covered with a vast freshwater lake.
b. it was once covered by a swamp or marshland.
c. it was once covered by an ocean.
d. it has always had the same geography as it has today.
30.
What is the process by which a fossil is formed?
a. Organism buried→ death→ uplift→ minerals replace bone materials
b. Organism dies→ Lava covers organism→ uplift
c. Organism dies→ buried quickly so it doesn’t decompose→ pressure→
minerals replace bone material→ uplift
d. Organism dies→ organism decomposes →buried→ pressure→ minerals
replace bone material→ uplift
31.
Which of the following situations is most likely to form a fossil?
a. A forest fire occurs
b. Dies and floats out to sea
c. Lava covering a recently dead organism
d. A mudslide covering a recently dead organism
32.
After a bone has been fossilized and becomes a fossil what is different about it?
a. It is no longer bone, the minerals changed the bone into rock
b. Nothing changed it is perfectly preserved bone from prehistoric animals.
c. The bone is genetically different once it is fossilized.
d. It turns into wood after it is fossilized.
33.
What is the last thing that must happen in order to be considered a fossils?
a. Turned into stone
b. Buried in sediment
c. Die quickly
d. Put under pressure
Learning Goal 36 Earthquakes and Volcanoes
I can describe how energy from inside the earth causes earthquakes and volcanoes and
how they change the earth’s surface
34.
Which of the following is an example of an event that would change the Earth's
surface quickly?
a. Explosive volcano
b. Weathering & Erosion
c. Sedimentary rock formation
d. Glacier flow
35.
What kind of energy is transferred during a volcano?
a. Chemical and Kinetic
b. Light and Kinetic
c. Electricity and Kinetic
d. Heat and Kinetic
36.
The energy of an earthquake travels as ________________.
a. light waves
b. heat waves
c. chemical rays
d. seismic waves
37.
How do earthquakes change the earth’s surface?
a. Build up of magma makes rivers
b. Makes a volcanic cone
c. Raise or lowers the surface of the land
d. Build up of magma makes new land
38.
How do volcanoes change the earth’s surface?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Causes new land
Causes valleys to form
Causes dirt to form
Causes rivers to form
Learning Goal 37 Geologists & Building
I can discuss why sometimes people build structures in areas where geologist have
discouraged building because of earthquakes, mudslides, etc.
39.
A family wishes to build a house on a steep hillside. They call a geologist to ask
if this is a good idea. What will the geologist probably suggest to the family?
a. Windstorms will affect the house and yard.
b. The hillside may erode and damage the property.
c. That hills are perfect places to build homes because of the great view
d. Earthquakes are more likely on a steep hillside
40.
Which of the following places would be the best place to build a home based on
geology.
a. a beautiful cliff side by the beach
b. a dry river bed
c. a solid rock foundation
d. a sandy hill by a river
41.
Which of the following is a way that people try to control the effect of gravity on
the Earth’s materials?
a. Building retaining walls to stop soil from sliding downwards
b. Designing bridges to span wide rivers during floods
c. Finding new ways to construct airplanes for transportation
d. Constructing roads that will go around hills, not over them.
42.
A home builder wishes to build a development of homes on an earthquake fault
where the view is beautiful. What is the role of a geologist in this situation?
a. geologist would offer and sell earthquake hazard insurance
b. the geologist would determine if homes could or could not be built there
because he makes the laws
c. the geologist would engineer the homes so that they could be protected
against the earthquake hazards
d. the geologist would explain the earthquake hazards and warn against
building there.
43.
Why would a building company chose to build structures even though a geologist
warned against it?
a. because they like to make scientists mad
b. because the area has a great view and that will easily sell the buildings
c. because buildings don’t need to be built on solid surfaces
d. because they have built many structures and always know best