НАУКА ЗА ГОРАТА, КН. 4, 2000
FOREST SCIENCE, No 4, 2000
СИСТЕМАТИКА И ГЕОГРАФСКО РАЗПРОСТРАНЕНИЕ
НА ВИДОВЕТЕ ОТ РОД SALIX L.
Цанко Цанов
Опитна станция за бързорастящи горскодървесни видове – Свищов
SYSTEMATICS AND GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF SPECIES
FROM GENUS SALIX L.
Ts. Tsanov
Research Station of Fast Growing Wooden Species – Svishtov
(S u m m a r y)
In the systematics of the genus Salix L. there are many disputable questions. This
concerns mostly to taxons, their nomenclature and phylogenetic relations within the limits of
the genus, sub genus and sections.
The number of the sorts of willows in Europe and in the world strongly varies, as it is
still impossible to establish their origin, and the determining is not always easy because of
their great number, insufficient clarity about their characteristic features and from their broad
morphological variety. After different authors, the number and the sorts vary from 100 to 600
species.
Taxonomically genus Salix L. is one of the most complex genus in the plant kingdom.
This complexity is confirmed also by the fact that from the Linnaeus epoch up to nowadays
various authors have developed different schemes for systematics of its species. Some of the
authors divided the genus to 25 to 29 sections. Others group them in 4 subgenus or in 25
groups. The most admissible approach is to accept in the systematics of the willows their
dividing to 3 sub genus: Salix, Chamaetia and Vetrix. There are 7 sections that are referred to
genus Salix, 5 respectively to Chamaetia and 15 to Vetrix. This nomenclature is given by S k
v o r t s o v (1968) and it is the only applicable so far. The spreading of willows is the largest
in Northern regions of Europe, North America, and China mountains. They are found mostly
in the moderatecool regions of Europe and Asia, and also in the subtropical zones of Africa,
South America with an exception of the Eastern part of Brazil and the Northern parts of
Indonesia. The willows are growing in all geographical zones – from the tundra to deserts.
They are missing entirely in Australia, New Zealand, Oceania, in the Antarctic area and also
in the East parts of Indonesia, West tropical Africa and East Brazil. In the rest of the parts of
the tropical zone the number of the willows is not considerable.