WHO/EHA
EMERGENCY HEALTH TRAINING PROGRAMME FOR AFRICA
1. Overview
1.3. The Health Sector
in Emergency Management
Panafrican Emergency Training Centre, Addis Ababa, July 1998
WHO/EHA/EHTP
Draft 1-1999
1.3. The Health Sector in Emergency Management
Overhead Transparencies
1.3.1.
1.3.2.
1.3.3.
1.3.4.
1.3.5.
1.3.6.
1.3.7.
1.3.8.
Health and Disasters, Relationship
Disasters and Health, Flow-chart
Public Health Problems in Disasters
Disaster Mortality Rates
Comparing the Natural History of Diseases and DDC
Health in Disaster Prevention and Emergency Management (EM), Role
Health in Disaster Prevention and EM, Relevant Health Activities.
Health in Disaster Prevention and EM, Pre-Disaster Phase
1.3.9. Health in Disaster Prevention and EM, Disaster and Post-Disaster Phase
1.3.10. Health Response
1.3.11. Emergency Early Warning, Strategic Issues at District Level, Flow Chart.
1.3.12. Priorities in Emergency Response, Vital Needs
1.3.13. Health and Nutrition, Emergency Priorities
1.3.14. The "BIG 5"
1.3.15. First Steps after a Natural Disaster
1.3.16. Health Preparedness
1.3.17. Landslide and Health, Flow Chart
1.3.18. Essentials for Contingency and Preparedness Planning for the Health Sector, Summary
1.3.19., 1.3.20. Essentials for Contingency and Preparedness Planning for the Health Sector, Handout
1.3.21. Health Preparedness is a Developmental Process
WHO/EHA/EHTP
Draft 1-1999
1.3. The Health Sector in Emergency Management
Trainers' Guide
Objective:
To have health workers appreciate the role of the sector in different aspects of Emergency Management
and the reasons of their involvement. (Attitudes)
Key-message:
Applying epidemiological methods to disasters and emergencies, one can see that they are not chaotic
things. They can be dissected and analysed according to a causal chain. Using a cause-effect analysis
helps to find solutions for prevention etc. Health has responsibilities, interest, and opportunities in EM.
1.3.1. Health and Disasters, Relationship
Discuss. Disasters, people’s health and health services are closely inter-related. Disasters cause
deaths, injuries and diseases. Disasters damage health infrastructures and divert money for relief
from the health development budget. If health systems are well developed, they reduce the risk of
disasters. E.g. good EPI coverage reduces the risk of a measles epidemic; well-equipped and
strategically positioned hospitals facilitate mass casualty management.
1.3.2. Disasters and Health, Flow chart
Explain. This is a frame, which can be filled for any disaster. The result is a plan of health
response activities and implications for the health sector, for that specific type of disaster. E.g.
The direct impact of Floods can be drowning and traumas; the indirect impact can be diarrhoeal
diseases because the floods polluted the sources of drinking water. The associated factors will be
the destruction of roads and telephone lines, of hospitals, etc., which will hinder the relief
operations. Ask for more examples. Health Response is the package of activities, which are
related to the different types of health issues.
1.3.3. Public Health Problems in Disasters
Discuss. Listing of the specific public health related problems of a disaster.
1.3.4. Disaster Mortality Rates
Discuss. General and specific mortality rates worldwide are compared with disaster mortality
rates.
1.3.5. Comparing the Natural History of Diseases and DDC
Present. For health professionals it is interesting to compare the evolution of a disaster with the
evolution of a disease. The agent is the hazard; the impact is the moment of infection etc.
Compare the DDC with the natural history of a disease: if you are immune, you don't get sick, and
if you know how to manage the emergency you don't get the disaster.
WHO/EHA/EHTP
Draft 1-1999
1.3.6. Health in Disaster Prevention and Emergency Management (EM), Role
Explain. Why Health has a role to play. First, Responsibility: disasters kill, and in any disaster
the health sector is asked to respond. Second, Interests: disasters destroy expensive health
facilities. Third, Opportunities: if one understands preventive medicine, one understands disaster
prevention easier; principles of Public Health planning is applicable to Emergency Health
Management, e.g. health indicators help evaluate emergency management.
1.3.7. Health in Disaster Prevention and EM, Relevant Health Activities
Read and ask for examples. Health activities are relevant to all the different phases of the DDC.
1.3.8. Health in Disaster Prevention and EM, Pre-Disaster Phase
Read and ask for examples. Enumeration of the type of activities where the Health sector is
involved. (Use this to complement transparency 7)
1.3.9. Health in Disaster Prevention and EM, Disaster and Post-Disaster Phase
Read and ask for examples. Enumeration of type of activities where Health sector is involved.
(Use this to complement transparency 7)
1.3.10. Health Response
Title page. To highlight what follows.
1.3.11. Emergency Early Warning, Strategic Issues at District Level, Flow Chart
Present and discuss. Showing the flow of information for early warning and how one reacts to it.
A logical flow of how one knows about a disaster and how one decides for action.
1.3.12. Priorities in Emergency Response, Vital Needs
Present. In any disaster, we see the same seven priorities -VITAL- needs. Health care is low on
the list, first come security, food, water etc. One needs to add Information and Co-ordination,
which are also vital. The needs are first assessed, then relief activities are planned and
implemented.
1.3.13. Health and Nutrition, Emergency Priorities
Present. For Health Emergency Response, these six health activities are the most important.
1.3.14. The "BIG 5"
Present. The big five major killers are all easily preventable or treatable.
WHO/EHA/EHTP
Draft 1-1999
1.3.15. First Steps after a Natural Disaster
Present. The sequence of what must be carried out to assess the damage and start health relief.
1.3.16. Health Preparedness
Title page. To highlight what follows
1.3.17. Landslide and Health, Flow Chart
Illustrate the example of a landslide. A landslide has direct and indirect impacts on health. In
order to be prepared, the health sector must consider these different impacts.
1.3.18. Essentials of Contingency Planning and Preparedness Planning for the Health Sector, Summary
Explain. The summary can be shown in transparency, while the two- page table (transparency 19,
20) is distributed as handout. Underline the difference between the ‘Primary Hazard’, e.g. the
Transport Incident, and the ‘Primary Cause of Death or Illness’, e.g. the Trauma. Clarify that the
first responsibility of the Health Sector is to address the Primary Causes of Death or Illness. The
capacities needed can be Technical, i.e. human resources and training, and Institutional, i.e.
equipment, supplies, legislation, clear procedures, etc.
1.3.19., 1.3.20. Essentials of Contingency Planning and Preparedness Planning for the Health Sector,
Handout
1.3.21. Health Preparedness is a Developmental Process
Explain. Think of Health Preparedness as a developmental process. Approach Emergency
Management from the broader view; put it in the bigger frame. It all should lead to the same:
relief should be linked to development, if development is there, there is less need for response etc.
Stand-alone.
Essential Reading:
 Public Health Action in Emergencies Caused by Epidemics, P. Brès, WHO, 1986
 Coping with Natural Disasters, The role of local health personnel and the community, WHO/IFRC,
1989
 African Disaster Handbook, M. S. Zambian, WHO/PTC, 1990
 EPR Training Handbook for Africa, WHO/PTC, 1992
 The Health Sector in Disaster and Emergency Preparedness, WHO/PTC, 1995
 Major Emergencies in Africa, their Impact on Health, the Role of WHO, WHO/PTC, 1995
 Health and Major Emergencies in Sub-Saharan Africa, WHO/PTC, 1995
 Disasters in Africa, Old and new hazards and growing vulnerability, WHO/PTC, 1996
 Africa, Hazards, Vulnerabilities and the Role of the Health Sector in EM, WHO/PTC 1997
 The Public Health Consequences of Disasters, E. K. Noji, Oxford University Press, 1997
 Hazards, Vulnerabilities and Emergency Health Priorities in Africa, WHO/PTC 1998
WHO/EHA/EHTP
Draft 1-1999
1.3.1. Health and Disasters, Relationship
Health and Disasters
Disasters cause deaths, injuries
and disease
Disasters affect Health
Development, too
Health Development reduces
the risk of disasters
WHO/EHA/EHTP
Draft 1-1999
1.3.2. Disasters and Health, Flow-chart
HEALTH
RESPONSE
DIRECT
IMPACT
VULNERABILITY
DISASTER
HAZARD
INDIRECT
IMPACT
ASSOCIATED FACTORS
WHO/EHA/EHTP
Draft 1-1999
1.3.3. Public Health Problems in Disasters
PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEMS
IN DISASTERS
1. Number of injuries and death,
2. Effects of communicable diseases patterns
and environmental hazards,
3. Damage or strain on health facilities,
4. Effects on human behaviour,
5. Severe nutritional consequences.
WHO/EHA/EHTP
Draft 1-1999
1.3.4. Disaster Mortality Rates
50 million
All deaths, world wide per year,
average
3.5 million
Trauma deaths, world wide per year,
average
7% of all deaths
0,15 million
Natural disaster deaths, world wide per
year, average
0.3% of all deaths
4.3% of all trauma deaths
By comparison
1.4 million
Deaths from road accidents
2.8% of all deaths
40% of all trauma deaths
3 million
Deaths due to malaria
6% of all deaths
Annual cost of natural disasters USD 100 million
(=5% of average ODA flows)
WHO/EHA/EHTP
Draft 1-1999
1.3.5. Comparing the Natural History of Diseases and DDC
 Comparing the Natural History of disease with
the Disaster-Development Continuum
PRE-PATHOGENIC PERIOD
PATHOGENIC PERIOD
PRE-DISTASTER
DISTANT
DISASTER
IMMEDIATE
LATENCY
EMERGENCY
POST-DISASTER
IMMEDIATE
DISTANT
deaths
extinction
disintegration
disappearance
of the
community
Population
Level of suffering
Hazards
Environment
Political awareness
The length of the
latency will be a
function of
preparedness and
readiness
IMPACT
VERNATABILITY REDUCTION
PREVENTION
ALERT
READINESS
PREPAREDNESS
RELIEF
Recovery and
resumption of
development
REHABILITA
TION
RESPONSE
EMERGENCY
RECONSTRUC
TION
RECOVERY
MANAGEMENT
PREVENTION & MITIGATION
RESPONSE & RECOVERY
DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
(Health promotion and)
SECONDARY
TERTIARY
PRIMARY PREVENTION
PREVENTION
PREVENTION
H E A L T H
WHO/EHA/EHTP
C A R E
Draft 1-1999
1.3.6. Health in Disaster Prevention and Emergency Management (EM), Role
Health in disaster prevention and
emergency management.1
Responsibilities:
Disasters kill, and Health
must save lives.
Interests:
Health facilities and services represent a
great investment, and they, too, must be protected
against disasters.
Opportunities:
the concepts of the Relief-Development Continuum are
the same underpinning the Natural History of Disease
and Primary Health Care.
Health is the objective and the yardstick of success of
emergency management.
Health has a presence in the field that is
matched by few other sectors.
WHO/EHA/EHTP
Draft 1-1999
1.3.7. Health in Disaster Prevention and EM, Relevant Health Activities.
Health in disaster prevention and
emergency management.2
Relevant Health activities
 for Prevention and Mitigation:
- Health promotion & preventive care
- Education and information for awareness and
inter-sectoral policies
 for Preparedness:
- Risk-assessments, plans, stocks, referral and backup systems
- Early warning for all sectors
 for Response:
- Health care, in order to
 reduce the suffering,
 contain the disaster,
 facilitate rehabilitation
- Health information, to identify & monitor needs
All along the Disaster Management cycle, Community Health
Committees can represent nuclei for inter-sectoral action.
WHO/EHA/EHTP
Draft 1-1999
1.3.8. Health in Disaster Prevention and EM, Disaster and Post-Disaster Phase
IN THE PRE-DISASTER PHASE:
1. Mitigation
 Hazard Mapping
 Long–term Planning
 Research and Development
 Public Awareness Building
 Political Lobbying
2. Preparedness
 Capacity building
 Contingency Planning
 Information for Early Warning
 Emergency Stockpile
 Focal Points For Decision
 Networking for Co-ordination
 Review, Rehearsals and Training
WHO/EHA/EHTP
Draft 1-1999
1.3.9. Health Response
DISASTER AND POST–DISASTER
PHASES–RESPONSE:
1. Relief
 RAPID Assessment
 Emergency Resources and Procedures
 Flexibility for Local Solutions
 Co-ordination among Sectors
 Monitoring and Record-keeping
2. Rehabilitation
 Community Involvement
 Hazard Mapping
 Political Lobbying
Use the lessons learnt during this disaster and
implement long-term Mitigation against new disasters
WHO/EHA/EHTP
Draft 1-1999
HEALTH RESPONSE
WHO/EHA/EHTP
Draft 1-1999
1.3.11. Emergency Early Warning, Strategic Issues at District Level, Flow Chart.
ROUTINE ACTIVITIES,
CONSULTATIONS,
EMERGENCY UNITS
INFIRMARY, ETC.
REGISTER OF
ACTIVITIES
INFORMATION
FROM ANOTHER
HEALTH UNIT
INFORMATION
FORM NGO
TALK OF THE
COMMUNITY
INFORMATION
FROM
ANOTHER
GOVERNMENT
OFFICE AT
DISTRICT
LEVEL
INFORMATION
FROM
PROVINCIAL
LEVEL
MUTUAL TRUST
AND GOOD
RELATIONS
GOOD
COMMUNICATIONS
WITHIN THE
DISTRICT
GOOD
COMMUNICATIO
N WITH THE
CAPITAL OF THE
PROVINCE
ALARM
A CERTAIN AREA
HAS BEEN HIT BY A
SUDDEN DISASTER
FLOODS, STORM
ARMED ATTACK
A CERTAIN AREA
SHOWS SIGNS OF
EPIDEMIC DROUGHT
OR FAMINE
A CERTAIN AREA IS
EXPERIENCING A
SUDDEN INFLUX OF
DISPLACED OR
REFUGEES
LOCAL HEALTH RESOURCES HAVE
BEEN LOST OR HAVE BECOME
INSUFFICIENT.
THE POPULATION IS AT GREATER
RISK OF ILLNESS AND DEATH
ACTION
WHO/EHA/EHTP
Draft 1-1999
1.3.12. Priorities in Emergency Response, Vital Needs
PRIORITIES IN EMERGENCY RESPONSE
Survivors from a landslide, farmers affected by
Drought, refugees fleeing from War: they all have the
same vital needs
SECURITY
FOOD
WATER
SHELTER AND SANITATION
CLOTHES AND BLANKETS
DOMESTIC UTENSILS AND FUEL
HEALTH CARE
In order to satisfy these needs, two more things are
needed:
INFORMATION AND COORDINATION
WHO/EHA/EHTP
Draft 1-1999
1.3.13. Health and Nutrition, Emergency Priorities
HEATH AND NUTRITION: EMERGENCY
PRIORITIES
1. Make sure that the other priorities are satisfied:
 People have Food, Water, Shelter, Sanitation,
Blankets, Plots and Fuel
 Mechanisms for Information and Coordination are in
place
2. Measles immunization
3. Vitamin A
4. Basic curative care
 Diarrhoea
 Respiratory Infections
5. Nutritional screening
6. Death Registry
WHO/EHA/EHTP
Draft 1-1999
1.3.14. The "BIG 5"
THE “BIG 5”
Major killers in refugee/displaced situations
 Malnutrition
 Measles
 Diarrhoea
 Pneumonia
 Malaria
All are preventable and/or treatable
WHO/EHA/EHTP
Draft 1-1999
1.3.15. First Steps after a Natural Disaster
FIRST STEPS AFTER
A NATURAL DISASTER
 Conduct rapid assessment
 Ensure means for supervision and support to district
personnel
 Limit the damage and start rehabilitation of Health
facilities
 Re-establish the cold chain
 Put in place an emergency system for epidemiological
surveillance
 Facilitate access to Health care for the affected
populations
(e.g. waive rules for cost-recovery)
 Integrate Health services in general relief coordination
WHO/EHA/EHTP
Draft 1-1999
1.3.16. Health Preparedness
HEALTH PREPAREDNESS
WHO/EHA/EHTP
Draft 1-1999
1.3.17. Landslide and Health, Flow Chart
LANDSLIDE AND HEALTH
HEALTH
RESPONSE
SUFFOCATION
N
TRAUMA
LAND
SLIDE
Loss of
shelter &
production
Displacement &
temporary
shelter
A.R.I
DIARRHOEA
S
Changes
in environment
Pollution
of water
1.Search and Rescue
First Aid
Medical evacuation
Hosp. emergency
care
Training
Personnel &
materials
2.Surveillance
Guidelines for
treatment & control
Training Personnel
& materials
3.Strengthening
Programmes: EPI,
MCH, HIE, vector
control
Rehabilitation of
infrastructures
Breeding
of vectors
OTHER
ILLNESS
Damage to
infrastructures
Loss of
access to
Health
4.Special Strategies
plans and procedures
SPECIAL
BUDGET
WHO/EHA/EHTP
Draft 1-1999
1.3.18. Essentials for Contingency and Preparedness Planning for the Health Sector, Summary
ESSENTIALS FOR CONTINGENCY PLANNING AND PREPAREDNESS PLANNING FOR THE
HEALTH SECTOR
Type of
Emergency
Primary
Hazard
Primary
Causes of
Death & Illness
Main Responsibility of
the Health Sector
Risk to
Health
Capaci
Network
Technical
Epidemics of
Infectious
Origin
Known
disease
Agent-specific
Alert & Assessment,
Case management,
Outbreak control
+
Emergencies
by Other
Natural
Causes
Floods
Drowning,
Trauma,
Diarrhoea, ARI,
Vector-borne
diseases
Search & Rescue, Triage,
Need assessment,
Disease control,
Assistance in temporary
shelter
+
Emergencies
from
Technological
Causes
Transport
Incident
(Road,
railways, air,
sea etc.)
Armed
Conflict
Trauma,
Drowning, Burns,
Suffocation
Search & Rescue,
Triage,
Casualty Management
+
Epidemiology & Disease
control,
Medical/Nursing care,
Environmental health,
Mass casualty
management,
Environmental health &
Vector control,
Health care in temporary
shelter
Mass casualty
management
Trauma,
Malnutrition,
ARI, Diarrhoea,
Measles,
Meningitis,
Vector-borne
Diseases
Epidemic
diseases, Illness
among spectators,
Crowd incidents
(stampede etc.)
Need assessment &
advocacy,
Disease control,
Nut. Surveillance &
Selective feeding,
Injury management
+++
Epidemiology & Disease
control,
Nutrition,
War surgery,
Health care in temporary
shelters
Disease control,
Readiness for crowd
incidents,
Back-up for increased
demand
-
Epidemiology & Disease
control,
Environmental health,
Mass casualty
management
Complex
Emergencies
Major Public
Functions
Pilgrimage
WHO/EHA/EHTP
Draft 1-1999
1.3.19., 1.3.20. Essentials for Contingency and Preparedness Planning for the Health Sector, Handout
ESSENTIALS FOR CONTINGENCY PLANNING AND PREPAREDNESS PLANNING FOR THE HEALTH SECTOR
Type of
Emergency
Epidemics of
Infectious
Origin
Emergencies by
Other Natural
Causes
Primary
Hazard
Known
disease
Primary Causes of Death &
Illness
Agent-specific
Alert & Assessment,
Case management,
Outbreak control
New
Emerging
Disease
Agent-specific
Mass Floods
Poisoning by
nature causes
Agent-specific
Drought
Diarrhoea, Malnutrition , Any other
cause, by decreased access to health
services and higher vulnerability
Floods
Drowning, Trauma, Diarrhoea,
ARI, Vector – borne diseases
Cyclone
Tidal Surge
and Tsunami
Earthquake
Main Responsibility of the
Health Sector
Alert & Assessment,
IDENTIFICATION OF
AGENT
Case management,
Outbreak control
Assessment identification of
cause case management
information and education
Trauma, Drowning, Diarrhoea, ,
ARI, Vector – borne diseases
Drowning, Trauma, Diarrhoea, ,
ARI, Vector – borne diseases
Trauma, Suffocation, Burns
Landslide
Volcanic
Eruption
Trauma, Suffocation
Trauma, Suffocation, Burns, Acute
Respiratory Distress
Bush Fire
Burns Trauma, suffocation
WHO/EHA/EHTP
Risk to
Health
Network
+
+++
Capacities Needed
Technical
Epidemiology and Disease control,
Medical/Nursing care,
Environmental health,
As above, plus field research, crash training
of personnel, new, specific health education
possibly Cordon Sanitaire
Epidemiology Medical/Nursing care
Education
–
Support
Communications, Laboratory
facilities & supplies, Inter-sectoral
collaboration,
Funds
As above , plus access to more
sophisticated Reference Centers,
greater capacity for Isolation,
special drugs or vaccines
Communications, Logistics and
Funds for Outreach. Supplies intersectoral collaboration and coordination of relief
Communication. Logistics & Funds
for Outreach. Supplies Inter-sectoral
collaboration and co-ordination of
relief
Special training for staff and
volunteers
Inter-sectoral collaboration and coordination of relief
Need assessment disease
control Nutritional surveillance
+
Epidemiology
Disease control, Nutrition.
Search & Rescue/Triage
Need assessment
Disease Control
Assistance in temporary
shelters
Same as above
+
Mass Casualty Management
++
Same as above
Same as above
Same as above
+
Same as above
Same as above
Search & Rescue/Triage
Need assessment
Casualty management
Assistance in temporary
shelters
+++
Mass Casualty Management
Same as above
Need assessment
Casualty management
Assistance in temporary
shelters
+
+
Health Care in temporary shelters
Same as above
Mass Casualty Management
Same as above
Intensive Respiratory Care Unit
Same as above
-
Health Care in temporary shelters
Same as above
Burns Care facilities
Env.Health/Vector Control
Health Care in temporary shelters
Intensive Care facilities
Hospital vulnerability assessment
and reduction
Draft 1-1999
1.3.20.
Type of
Emergency
Primary
Hazard
Primary Causes of
Death & Illness
Main Responsibility
of the Health Sector
Risk to
Health
Network
Transport
Incident (road,
railways, air,
sea, etc)
Fire in Human
Settlement
Industrial
Explosive, fire,
Spill, Radiation
Trauma, Drowning, Burns,
Suffocation
Search & Rescue/Triage
Casualty Management
+
Burns, Trauma,
Suffocation
Blast, trauma, Burns,
Acute respiratory Distress,
Suffocation, Agentspecific
Trauma, Suffocation
Drowning, other,
according to type of
structure
Any cause, by lack of
critical support care
Trauma by crowd panic
Agent - specific
Search & Rescue/Triage
Casualty Management
Search & Rescue/Triage
Casualty Management
+++
Search & Rescue /Triage
casualty Management
Assistance in temporary
shelters
Prompt back-up Casualty
Management
Alert and Assessment
Identification of Agent
Case Management
Need Assessment 7
Advocacy Disease
control Nut. Surveillance
& Select feeding
Injury Management
Mass casualty
Management
Mass Casualty
Management
+
Capacities Needed
Technical
Emergencies
from
Technological
Causes
Collapse of
man-made
Structure
Complex
Emergencies
Failure of
Lifeline
Systems
Mass Food
Poisoning by
Human Causes
Armed Conflict
Mass Labour
Unrest
Terrorist Attack
Refugee/Displa
ced Influx
Major Public
Functions
State Visit
Trauma, Malnutrition,
ARI, Diarrhoea, Measles,
Meningitis vector -born
diseases
Trauma, Any cause by lack
of critical support care
Blast, Trauma , Fire,
Suffocation, Acute Resp.
Distress, Other specific
(e.g. Toxic gas)
Diarrhoea, ARI,
Malnutrition, Measles,
Meningitis, Vector -born
diseases
Any illness of state guests
illness among spectators
crowd incidents( stampede,
etc.)
Pilgrimage
Epidemic diseases illness
among spectators Crowd
incidents (stamped, etc0
Mass
Entertainment
Illness among spectators
Crow incidents
(stampede)
Diseases control Nut.
Surveillance & Select
feeding Assistance in
camps/transit points
Back - up for possible
special, high -profile
medical emergency
readiness for crowd
incidents
Disease Control
Readiness for crowd
incidents back-up for
increased demand
Back-up for increased
demand readiness for
crowd incidents
WHO/EHA/EHTP
Support
Mass Casualty Management
Intensive care facilities
Mass Casualty Management
Intensive Care Unit
Mass casualty Management Specific
medical/nursing care
Burns Care facilities
Hospital vulnerability assessment and reduction
Intensive Care facilities
Special Decontamination facilities Access to special
Reference Centre
+++
Mass casualty Management
Intensive Care facilities
Hospital vulnerability assessment and reduction
+++
Mass Casualty Management
Hospital vulnerability assessment and reduction
Back-up systems
Epidemiology Specific Medical/Nursing care
Environmental health
Toxicology
Special Decontamination facilities
Access to special reference Centres
Special Agreements & Procedures war surgery
facilities/capacities safe Transfusion facilities Coordination of International Aid
+
+++
Epidemiology & Diseases Control Nutrition War
surgery
+
Mass Casualty Management
Special Agreements & procedures
-
Mass Casualty Management
Intensive Care facilities
-
Epidemiology & Diseases Control nutrition
Health Care in temporary shelters
Recruitment of volunteers
Outreach and supervision
Co-ordination of International Aid
-
Medical/Nursing Care
Intensive Care facilities
-
Epidemiology &
Disease control, Environmental Health Mass
casualty Management
Intensive Care facilities
Temporary outreach facilities
-
Mass Casualty Management
Intensive Care facilities
Draft 1-1999
1.3.21. Health Preparedness is a Developmental Process
HEALTH PREPAREDNESS IS A
DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESS
1. Understanding the disaster-development continuum
and the Sector’s role in it
2. Contributing to inter-sectoral policies, laws and plans
3. Formulating a master plan integrated in the National
Disaster Plan
4. Supporting the master plan with:
 Disaster database, assessment of resources and risks
 Specific contingency plans
 Technical programmes
 Education and mobilization for awareness, training,
research
 Information/communication/logistics
From the Regular Budget?
From External Assistance?
WHO/EHA/EHTP
Draft 1-1999