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1. Introduction
Incorrect use and disposal of sharps places laboratory staff and other people at risk of a potentially fatal infection. Sharps are defined as anything that could puncture the skin and include hypodermic needles, scalpels, glass pipettes, tubes and bottles, dissection instruments, scissors, wire loops that are not closed circles, glass microscope slides and coverslips. This document describes simple and practical measures to minimize the risk of a sharps injury.
2. Minimize exposure to sharps
Sharps should not be used unless there is no alternative. This is extremely important at all times, but vital when working with material (eg human blood) that could contain infectious agents. In these cases if sharps must be used cut-resistant gloves can be worn to protect against cuts from knives, scalpels and microtome blades.
3. Handling of Sharps
3.1 Hypodermic needle
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Fit the needle onto the syringe while still in its sheath.
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The needle must not be bent or broken before use.
Keep your hand behind the needle tip at all times.
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Minimize manual handling, do not pass the needle from hand to hand.
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Whenever possible, do not disconnect the needle from the syringe before disposal, discard as a single unit.
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Never re-cap a needle unless it is essential for the procedure.
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Never re-cap a needle by hand; only re-cap a needle if a device is available to allow this to be done using one hand.
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Never remove a needle from a syringe unless it is essential for the procedure, eg, when transferring blood to a container. Re-cap before removal as above.
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Used needles must be placed immediately and directly into a sharps disposal container. Do not leave the needle on work surfaces.
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If a needle is dropped it must be retrieved immediately. If it cannot be found, inform people of the danger, and search the area until it is found and disposed of.
3.2 Blades

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Do not use a blade without its handle.
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For blades and handles with guards, take care when attaching the guard.
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Used blades must be placed immediately and directly into a sharps disposal container. Do not leave blades on work surfaces or in drawers.
3.3 Glassware
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Check for damage before use; never use damaged glassware.
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Never store glassware above shoulder height.
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Store tall vessels at the back of shelves with smaller ones in front.
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Store heavy glassware at bench height.
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Carry large glass bottles in specially designed carriers; do not hold them by the neck, or even with two hands.
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Sweep up broken glass or pick up with forceps.
3.4 Pipette holders
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Lubricate pipettes with detergent solution to make insertion into bulb easier.
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Hold glass pipette and capillary tubes in a cloth close to end being inserted into bulb or syringe.
4. Sharps Disposal
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Only use properly assembled, plastic containers that comply with the CSA standard.
Cardboard containers must not be used since they disintegrate when wet sharps are placed in the bins and are not puncture-resistent.
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Never put fingers into a sharps disposal container.
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Sharps containers must not be filled more than
2
/
3 full.
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Sharps that are likely to be contaminated with pathogenic micro-organisms or genetically modified micro-organisms must be autoclaved in the sharps disposal container. Sharps contaminated with human tissue or bodily fluids must be incinerated.
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Always carry sharps disposal containers by the handle.
5. Accident Procedure
Following an injury with a contaminated sharp follow this procedure:

5.1 Immediate first aid treatment
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Encourage the wound to bleed.
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Wash with soap and warm running water for a few minutes.
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Cover with suitable dressing.
5.2 Follow up treatment
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Contact Occupational Health Services, x52647 (employees) or Student Health Services, x52131 (students) during normal working hours or Campus Community Police dispatch, x52000, after hours.
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Retain the source of contamination for testing if necessary. The sample must be transferred to a suitable container that is labelled and stored in a refrigerator.
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Laboratory personnel involved in the clean up and disinfection of the spill must be informed of the risks and trained in safe working procedures. They must not place themselves at risk, especially if the accident involves broken glass or other sharp objects.
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The identity of a person potentially exposed to a blood borne pathogen as a result of an accident must be kept confidential.
5.3 Incident Reporting
Complete an incident report form:
( http://www.uoguelph.ca/ehs/Forms/incidentreportform.pdf
) and send a copy via fax to Occupational Health Services, 519-780-1796.
1 University of Dundee, which supplied the majority of material in this document.