Global Englishes
Semester 1, 2013-14
LASC10056 and LASC11079
Course organiser: Dr Claire Cowie
claire.cowie@ed.ac.uk
Office 1.11a DSB
Extension 508392
Venues and Times:
Tues 9:00-10:50am
Thurs 10-10:50am
DSB 3.10/3.11
DSB 3.10/3.11
Office hour for Global Englishes:
Wednesdays 12:00-1pm
Or email me for an appointment.
What’s this course about?
This course not only describes varieties of English outside of Britain, but also provides
theories for their structure and development. Thus we pay attention to the linguistic structure
of these varieties, but also to the radically different socio-historical contexts which have given
rise to Contact Englishes:.
The course has four main strands:
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The demand for and the teaching of English as a “foreign language”; the varieties of
English selected for this purpose; and language attitudes among teachers and learners
World Englishes or “L2” varieties in Asia and Africa; their histories of colonisation;
acquisition through education; grammatical and phonological features of L2 varieties;
substrate influence; development of local norms; local variation
The social and historical settings that give rise to pidgin and creole varieties; debates
about the role of substrate languages versus “universal” creole features; the use of
standard English in creole settings; and post-creole continua.
The most recent forms of English found in immigrant or diaspora communities in North
America and the UK
What will I learn?
On successful completion of this module, students will be able to:
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
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
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Show understanding of the current challenges and choices that face English speakers
and learners in different countries
Describe and critique the main issues and debates over the emergence of
extraterritorial Englishes
Show understanding of the histories and social contexts that have given rise to contact
Englishes
Discriminate between and define key terms in the field
Demonstrate familiarity with quantitative approaches to the study of variation in
Contact Englishes
Demonstrate familiarity with research methods to investigating attitudes towards
Contact Englishes
1

Demonstrate familiarity with the ways that these varieties and attitudes towards them
are represented in a range of media
How is teaching organised?
Each week consists of 2 hours of seminar style sessions and a more practical one hour
workshop session. Students are expected to keep up with the key readings for the seminars,
and encouraged to explore some of the recommended reading, links and films. In weeks
where timetabling permits I will arrange to see MSc students separately, but in many sessions
we will find that it is useful to have a mix of international students and UK students.
You will find the following on Learn:

This handbook and bibliography in an easier to use format!

Powerpoint slides for the seminars which will appear on Learn the previous day, so
that you can print them out if you would like a paper copy with you. I encourage you
to annotate the presentation on a laptop or similar in class. Please bear in mind that
the version you may download on Learn before the lecture may be a DRAFT version
(i.e. there may be some bits missing), but the final version used in the seminar will be
uploaded to Learn after the seminar

Follow-up material to workshop sessions

Discussions:
I will prompt you to send questions related to seminars and workshops.
All questions related to the content of assessments will be directed to Discussions on
Learn. This is so that everyone can benefit from guidance, discussion and debate.
You can of course also discuss your approach to assessments with me in my office
hour.

PDFs
Where possible I will also place papers, chapters and other materials on Learn. Bear
in mind that documents can be subject to copyright restrictions and that data can be
subject to confidentiality agreements.
Textbooks
The key readings for each week are the most important, and I am likely to have referred to the
background material in class. I can recommend the following textbooks:
Seargeant, Philip (2012). Exploring World Englishes: Language in a Global Context.
Routledge Introductions to Applied Linguistics. Abingdon: Routledge.
Mesthrie, Rajend and Rakesh M. Bhatt (2008) World Englishes: The Study of New Linguistic
Varieties. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Many World Englishes textbooks are very descriptive – these offer somewhat more
theoretical discussion. There are other very good textbooks which are more suitable for prehonours:
2
Schneider, Edgar W. (2011) English Around the World: An Introduction. Cambridge: CUP
Jenkins, Jennifer (2003) World Englishes: a resource book for students. London: Routledge
The Bibliography is very long and is not a list of required reading! Any references that I use
in class will appear in the Bibliography (which will be updated continuously and reloaded to
Learn). It’s also intended as a helpful resource for you to trawl through when you are looking
for reading for assessments.
Assessment
The first assessment is a short essay (1500 words) which is primarily a literature review. The
second assessment (2500 words) is a project which requires you to analyse primary data. The
two assessments are explicitly linked so that the first formative assessment can inform your
data project. The first assessment is due in week 7 and returned at the end of week 10.
First assessment (worth 30%):
Short essay on set topics (1500 words). Topics will be issued by the beginning of week 3.
Due: 12 noon Thursday 31st October 2013
Second assessment (worth 70%):
A longer essay of 2500 words which contains an empirical component (e.g. data analysis,
survey or critical reading of text/film). Topics will be issued by the beginning of week 3.
Due: Thursday 12th December 12 noon
Programme
Week 1
English as a Global Language
Topics:
What does it mean to be a “Global Language”?
How many people speak English?
The real and symbolic capital of English
The politics of English as a Global Language
Modelling English as a Global Language
Key Reading:
Graddol, David (2006) English Next: Why global English may mean the end of ‘English as a
foreign language’?. British Council. Part 2.2. pp81-102 Learning English
www.britishcouncil.org/learning-research-englishnext.htm
Pennycook A. D. (2003) Global Englishes, rip slyme, and performativity. Journal of
Sociolinguistics 7/4: 513-33.
Recommended Reading:
Davies, A., Hamp‐Lyons, L., & Kemp, C. (2003). Whose norms? International proficiency
tests in English. World Englishes, 22(4), 571-584.
3
Mesthrie, Rajend and Rakesh M. Bhatt (2008) World Englishes: The Study of New Linguistic
Varieties. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Chapter 1.
Phillipson, R. (1998). Globalizing English: Are linguistic human rights an alternative to
linguistic imperialism?. Language Sciences, 20(1), 101-112.
Seargeant, Philip (2012). Exploring World Englishes: Language in a Global Context.
Routledge Introductions to Applied Linguistics. Abingdon: Routledge.Chapters 12
and 13
Seargeant, Philip and Erling, Elizabeth (2011). The discourse of English as a language for
international development: policy assumptions and practical challenges. In: Coleman,
Hywel ed. Dreams and Realities: Developing Countries and the English Language.
London: British Council, pp. 248- 267.
Week 2 English as a Foreign Language (EFL)
Topics:
Learners’ attitudes to varieties of English
The target variety for learners of English as a foreign language
English Learning and Identity
Intelligibility
Native speaker attitudes to non-native speaker accents
Workshop:
Conducting a survey of attitudes towards varieties of English
Interview with an English learner in your class
Key Readings:
Erling, Elizabeth J. (2002) ’I learn English since ten years’: The Global English debate and
the German university classroom’ English Today 18/2: 8-13
Jenkins, Jennifer (2007) English as a Lingua Franca: Attitude and Identity. Oxford: OUP.
Chapter 6 [copy of ch 6 on ereserve; good to read chapter 1 as well if you can get the
book from the library.]
Recommended Reading:
Chiba, R. H Matsuura and A. Yamamoto (1995) ‘Japanese attitudes towards English accents’.
World Englishes 14/1: 77-86
Dalton-Puffer, Kaltenboeck and Smit (1997) ‘Learner attitudes and L2 pronunciation in
Austria’. World Englishes 16/1
Deterding, David and Andy Kirkpatrick (2006) Emerging South-East Asian Englishes
and intelligibility. World Englishes 25: 391-409.
Hu, Xiaoqiong (2004) Why China English should stand alongside British, American and the
other World Englishes. English Today 20:26-33
Kang, O., & Rubin, D.L. (2009). Reverse linguistic stereotyping: Measuring the effect of
listener expectations on speech evaluation. Journal of Language and Social
Psychology, 28:4, 441-456.
Kubota, Ryuko (1998) ‘Ideologies of English in Japan’ in World Englishes 17:3
Lindemann, Stephanie (2011) Who’s “unintelligible”? The perceiver’s role. Issues in Applied
Linguistics 18(2) 223-232.
4
Lindemann, Stephanie (2005) Who speaks 'broken English'? US undergraduates'
perceptions of non-native English. International Journal of Applied
Linguistics 15(2), 187-212
Lindemann, Stephanie (2003) Koreans, Chinese, or Indians? Attitudes and ideologies
about non-native English speakers in the United States. Journal of
Sociolinguistics 7(3), 348-364.
Munro, M. J. and Derwing, T. M. (1995), Foreign Accent, Comprehensibility, and
Intelligibility in the Speech of Second Language Learners. Language
Learning, 45: 73–97.
Seargeant, Philip (2012). Exploring World Englishes: Language in a Global Context.
Routledge Introductions to Applied Linguistics. Abingdon: Routledge.Chapter 4
Zhang, Wei & Lijuan Ding (2011) A preliminary study on Chinese EFL learners’ attitude
towards their accent. ICPhS XVII Hong Kong
Week 3 The English as a Lingua Franca movement
Topics:
The Kachru and Quirk debate in English Today
What is ELF?
Misunderstandings of ELF
The practicalities of teaching ELF
Evidence for what speakers do when using ELF
Workshop:
Using corpora to explore ELF
Key readings:
Jenkins, Jennifer (2002) ‘A sociolinguistically based, empirically researched pronunciation
syllabus for English as an International Language’ Applied Linguistics 23/1: 83-103.
Seidlhofer, B. (2005) ‘English as a Lingua Franca’. ELT Journal 59/4:339-41.
Recommended reading:
Breiteneder, Angelika (2009) English as a lingua franca in Europe: an empirical perspective.
World Englishes 28:2. 356-269
Dewey, Martin and Alessio Cogo (2012) Analysing English as a Lingua Franca: A Corpusdriven Investigation. Continuum
Kachru, Braj B (1991) ‘Liberation linguistics and the Quirk concern’ English Today 25 [on
Learn]
Prodromou, Luke (2008) English as a Lingua Franca: A Corpus-based Analysis. Continuum
Quirk. R. (1990) Language varieties and standard language. English Today 21: 3-10 [on
Learn]
Seargeant, Philip (2012). Exploring World Englishes: Language in a Global Context.
Routledge Introductions to Applied Linguistics. Abingdon: Routledge.Chapters 6 and
7
5
Week 4 World English and pidgins/creoles: histories and contexts
Topics:
Norm development in World Englishes
Schneider’s model of the development of New Englishes
The acquisition of English through mass education
Education and World Englishes today
Attitudes towards varieties of English in postcolonial contexts
Workshop:
Prescriptivism in Singapore
Key Reading:
Bamgbose, Ayo (1998) ‘Torn between the norms: innovations in World Englishes’. World
Englishes 17/1: 1-14
Schneider, E. W. (2003) The dynamics of New Englishes: from identity construction to
dialect birth. Language 79/2: 233- 81
Background Reading:
Graddol, David (2010) English Next India: The future of English in India. British Council.
www.britishcouncil.org/learning-research-englishnext.htm
Brutt-Griffler, Janina (2002) World English: A study of its Development. Clevedon:
Multilingual Matters. Chapters 3 and 4
Mesthrie and Bhatt (2008) Chapter 1.
Mufwene, Salikoko (2001) The Ecology of Language Evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press
Schneider, E.W. (2006) Postcolonial Englishes. Cambridge: CUP.
Igboanusi, H. (2008) Empowering Nigerian Pidgin: a challenge for status planning?, World
Englishes, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 68-82
Rubdy, Rani (2001) Creative destruction: Singapore’s Speak Good English Movement. World
Englishes 20:3. 341-355
Tsui, Amy B. M. and David Bunton (2003) The discourse and attitudes of English language
teachers in Hong Kong. World Englishes 19/3: 287-303
Week 5 The grammatical features of contact varieties and their explanation
Topics:
Substrate influence and universals in creolistics
Substrate influence and universals in World Englishes
Aspect in Singlish
The progressive in Indian English
Workshop:
Copula deletion in Singlish
Key reading:
Sharma, Devyani (2009) “Typological diversity in New Englishes, English World-Wide,
Volume 30, Number 2, 2009 , pp. 170-195
6
Williams, Jessica. (1987) ‘Non-native varieties of English: a special case of language
acquisition’. English World-Wide 8:2
Recommended reading:
Ansaldo, U. 2004. The evolution of Singapore English: Finding the matrix. In L. Lim (ed.).
Singapore English: A grammatical description. Varieties of English Around the
World G33. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 127-149.
Bao, Z. (2005) The aspectual system of Singapore English and the systemic substratist
explanation. Journal of Linguistics 41: 237-67.
Filppula, Marko, Juhani Klemola & Heli Paulasto “Vernacular Universals and Language
Contacts: An Overview” in Filppula, Marko, Juhani Klemola & Heli Paulasto (eds.)
(2009) Vernacular universals and language contacts: Evidence from varieties of
English and beyond. New York & London: Routledge.
Mesthrie and Bhatt (2008) Chapter 6.
Meyerhoff, Miriam 2008. Bequia (is/Ø) sweet: Syntactic variation in a lesser-known variety
of Caribbean English. English Today 93, 24. 31-37
Platt, J.T (1975) The Singapore English speech continuum and its basilect ‘Singlish’ as a
creoloid. Anthropological Linguistics 17: 363-74
Platt, John T., Weber, Heidi and Mian Lian Ho (1984) The New Englishes. London:
Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Week 6 Work on assessment 1
Week 7 The grammatical features of contact varieties and their explanation
Topics:
Copula deletion in Singlish
Copula deletion in Creoles
Are Creoles and World Englishes really different?
Article deletion
Discourse features of World Englishes
Workshop:
Article deletion
Key reading:
Sharma, D (2005) Language Transfer and Discourse Universals in Indian English article use.
Studies in Second Language Acquisition 27: 535-566
Lange, Claudia (2007) Focus marking in Indian English. English World Wide 28:1. 89-118
Recommended reading:
Sand, A. (2004) Shared morpho-syntactic features in contact varieties of English: article use.
World Englishes 23: 281-98.
Mesthrie and Bhatt (2008) Chapters 2, 3 and 5 and 6.
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Platt, John T., Weber, Heidi and Mian Lian Ho (1984) The New Englishes. London:
Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Week 8 The accents of World Englishes
Sociolinguistic variation in Indian English
Sociopolitical change and ethnic variation in South African English
External and internal norm orientation: Rhoticity in Asian Englishes
Workshop:
External and internal norm orientation: consonant clusters in Nigeria and Singapore
Key reading:
Gut, Ulrike (2007) ‘First language influence and final consonant clusters in the new Englishes
of Singapore and Nigeria’ World Englishes 26/3: 346-359
Mesthrie, Rajend (2010) Socio-phonetics and social change: Deracialisation of the GOOSE
vowel in South African English. Journal of Sociolinguistics 14:1. 3-33
Background Reading
Mesthrie and Bhatt (2008) Chapter 4
Chand, Vineeta (2009) “[v]at is going on? Local and global ideologies about Indian English”,
Language in Society 38: 393-419
Chand, Vineeta. 2010. Postvocalic (r) in urban Indian English. English World-wide, 31(1):139.
Deterding, David, Jennie Wong and Andy Kirkpatrick (2008) ‘The pronunciation of Hong
Kong English’ English World-Wide, Volume 29, Number 2, pp. 148-175.
Sahgal, A., & Agnihotri, R. K. (1988). Indian English Phonology: a sociolinguistic
perspective. English World-Wide, 9, 51-64.
Salbrina, Sharbawi and David Deterding (2010) Rhoticity in Brunei English English WorldWide 31:2. 121-137
Sharma, Devyani (2005) ‘Dialect stabilization and speaker awareness in non-native varieties
of English’. Journal of Sociolinguistics 9 (2)
Tan, Ying Ying (2012) To r or not to r: social correlates of /ɹ/ in Singapore English
International Journal of the Sociology of Language vol. 218
Week 9 Mixing it up: is this English? Multilingualism, code-switching with English and
mixed codes.
Topics:
Multilingualism and code-switching in postcolonial contexts
English and Hindi code-switching in Bollywood movies and in real life
Code-switching and mixed codes in urban African settings
Mixed codes and global hip hop
Workshop:
English-Cantonese code-switching in Hong Kong. Discussion of the film Multilingual Hong
Kong.
8
Reading:
Myers-Scotton, C. (1990). Codeswitching with English: types of switching, types of
communities. World Englishes 6, 33-48.
Si, Aung (2010) A Diachronic Investigation of Hindi-English code-switching, using
Bollywood film scripts. International Journal of Bilingualism XX(X):1-20
Background:
Alim, H. Samy, Awad Ibrahim and Alistair Pennycook, eds. (2009) Global linguistic flows:
Hip Hop Cultures, youth identities, and the politics of language. London and New
York: Routledge
Auer, Peter (1999) From codeswitching via language mixing to fused lects: toward a dynamic
typology of bilingual speech. International Journal of Bilingualism 3(4). 309-332.
Finlayson, Rosalie, Karen Calteaux, and Carol Myers-Scotton (1998) ‘Orderly mixing and
accommodation in South African codeswitching’. Journal of Sociolinguistics 2/3:
395-420.
Omoniyi, T. (2006) Hip-hop through the World Englishes lens: a response to globalization.
World Englishes 25/2:195-208
Pennycook A. D. (2003) Global Englishes, rip slime, and performativity. Journal of
Sociolinguistics 7/4: 513-33.
Samy, Alim, H. (2009). Translocal style communities: Hip hop youth as
cultural theorists of style, language, and globalization. Pragmatics 19(1). 103-128.
Week 10
Diaspora Englishes and Immigrant Englishes
Topics:
Is there an identifiable British Asian English?
What are the features of British Asian English?
What is the relationship between Jamaican, London Jamaican and British Black English?
Who speaks London Jamaican or “Jafrican”?
Key readings:
Cheshire, J., Kerswill, P., Fox, S., & Torgersen, E. (2011). Contact, the feature pool and the
speech community: The emergence of Multicultural London English. Journal of
Sociolinguistics, 15(2), 151-196.
Sharma, Devyani and Lavanya Sankaran (2011) Cognitive and social forces in dialect shift:
Gradual change in London Asian Speech. Language Variation and Change 23: 399428
Radio 4 broadcast on “ghetto grammar” in London
http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03brt2x
Recommended Reading:
Eckert, P. (2008). Where do ethnolects stop?. International Journal of Bilingualism, 12(1-2),
25-42.
Mendoza-Denton, N. (2008). Homegirls: Language and cultural practice among Latina youth
gangs. John Wiley & Sons.
9
Rampton, B. (1995). Crossing: Language and ethnicity among adolescents. London:
Longman.
Rampton, B. (1999). Crossing. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, 9(1‐2), 54-56.
Sebba, M. (1993). London Jamaican. London: Longman.
Sebba, M., & Tate, S. (2002). “Global” and “Local” identities in the discourses of Britishborn Caribbeans. International Journal of Bilingualism, 6(1), 75-89.
Sebba, M. (1986). London Jamaican and Black London English. The Language of the Black
Experience, Oxford: Blackwell, 149-167.
Sharma, D. (2011). Style repertoire and social change in British Asian English. Journal of
Sociolinguistics, 15(4), 464-492.
Week 11
Feedback meetings on assessment 1 and consultations for
assessment 2
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Alim, H. Samy, Awad Ibrahim and Alistair Pennycook, eds. (2009) Global linguistic flows:
Hip Hop Cultures, youth identities, and the politics of language. London and New
York: Routledge
Anchimbe Eric A, ed. (2012) Language Contact in a Postcolonial Setting: The Linguistic and
Social Context of English and Pidgin in Cameroon. De Gruyter
Ansaldo, U. 2004. The evolution of Singapore English: Finding the matrix. In L. Lim (ed.).
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Auer, Peter (1999) From codeswitching via language mixing to fused lects: toward a dynamic
typology of bilingual speech. International Journal of Bilingualism 3(4). 309-332.
Balasubramahnian , Chandrika (2009) Register Variation in Indian English.
Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Benjamins
Bamgbose, Ayo (1998) ‘Torn between the norms: innovations in World Englishes’. World
Englishes 17/1: 1-14
Bamgbose, Ayo (2001) ‘World Englishes and globalization’ in World Englishes 20:3
Bao, Z. (2005) The aspectual system of Singapore English and the systemic substratist
explanation. Journal of Linguistics 41: 237-67.
Baumgardner, Robert J (1996) South Asian English. Structure, Use, and Users. Urbana :
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Benati, Alessandro (2011) (ed.) Issues in second language proficiency. Continuum
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Hong Kong University Press.
Breiteneder, Angelika (2009) English as a lingua franca in Europe: an empirical perspective.
World Englishes 28:2. 356-269
Brutt-Griffler, Janina (2002) World English : A study of its Development. Clevedon:
Multilingual Matters
Bullock, Barbara E. and Almeida Jacqueline Toribio, eds. (2009) The Cambridge Handbook
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Chand, Vineeta (2009) “[v]at is going on? Local and global ideologies about Indian English”,
Language in Society 38: 393-419
Chand, Vineeta. 2010. Postvocalic (r) in urban Indian English. English World-wide, 31(1):139.
Chen, Katherine Hoi Ying (2008) Bilinguals in Style: Linguistic practices and ideologies of
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Cheshire, J., Kerswill, P., Fox, S., & Torgersen, E. (2011). Contact, the feature pool and the
speech community: The emergence of Multicultural London English. Journal of
Sociolinguistics, 15(2), 151-196.
Chiba, R. H Matsuura and A. Yamamoto (1995) ‘Japanese attitudes towards English accents’.
World Englishes 14/1: 77-86
Collins, James, Stef Slembrouck and Mike Baynham (2009) eds. Globalization and languages
in contact: Scale, migration and communicative practices. Continuum.
Cook, V. (2008). Second Language Learning and Language Teaching (4th
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Coupland, Nikolas (Ed) (2012) The Handbook of Language and Globalization:
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series on Language and Globalization.
11
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Dalton-Puffer, Kaltenboeck and Smit (1997) ‘Learner attitudes and L2 pronunciation in
Austria’. World Englishes 16/1
Davies, Alan (2003) The Native Speaker: Myth and Reality. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters
Davies, A., Hamp‐Lyons, L., & Kemp, C. (2003). Whose norms? International proficiency
tests in English. World Englishes, 22(4), 571-584.
M. Derwing and Murray J. Munro (1997). ACCENT, INTELLIGIBILITY, AND
COMPREHENSIBILITY. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, , pp 1-16.
Deterding, David The pronunciation of English by speakers from China (2006) English
World-Wide 27:2. 175-198
Deterding, David (2007) Singapore English. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press
Deterding, David (2013) Brunei English. A new variety in a multilingual society. Springer
Deterding, David, Ee Ling Low and Adam Brown, eds. (2003) English in Singapore:
Research on Grammar. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.
Deterding, David, Ee Ling Low and Adam Brown, eds. (2005) English in Singapore:
Phonetic Research on a Corpus. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.
Deterding, David and Andy Kirkpatrick (2006) Emerging South-East Asian Englishes
and intelligibility. World Englishes 25: 391-409.
Deterding, David, Jennie Wong and Andy Kirkpatrick (2008) ‘The pronunciation of Hong
Kong English’ English World-Wide, Volume 29, Number 2, pp. 148-175.
Dewey, Martin and Alessio Cogo (2012) Analysing English as a Lingua Franca: A Corpusdriven Investigation. Continuum
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