Electronic Supplementary Material
Electronic Supplementary Table (ESM) Table 1. Phylogenetically controlled GLS regressions
between sperm characteristics and heterozygosity. Three separate analyses were performed
using 1) data from all species, 2) data from endangered species only and 3) data from nonendangered species. The strength of the phylogenetic effect was assessed using the scaling
parameter  (superscripts indicate if  was significantly different than 0 and 1 respectively,
with non significant values indicated by ns and significant (p<0.05) values indicated by *).
Effect size, r, degrees of freedom, and the non-central 95% confidence intervals (CI) are
presented for each calculation. CIs are considered significant when the range of values do
not overlap zero. Significant relationships are presented in bold text.
Electronic Supplementary Table (ESM) Table 2. Heterozygosity (He), sperm characteristics,
conservations status and mating system data for the mammals examined in this study.
Species conservation status was determined using the IUCN Red List (En = endangered, Nonen = non-endangered). For brevity we only report results from the IUCN Red List throughout
this study, but we obtained qualitatively similar results in all analyses when species
conservation status was determined using the Convention on International Trade in
Endangered Species (CITES). Mating systems were broadly classified as monogamous (M) or
polygamous (P). Little is known about the reproductive biology of tigrinas, however as
felines are generally polygamous we classified this species as P. Source data are indicated
with subscripts.
1
ESM Table 1
Trait
All Species
% abnormal sperm
% motile sperm
Endangered Species
% abnormal sperm
% motile sperm
Non-Endangered Species
% abnormal sperm
% motile sperm

Predictor
n
R2adjusted
Slope
t
p
r
df
CI
< 0.001ns, *
< 0.001ns, *
heterozygosity
heterozygosity
20
18
0.17
0.25
-0.64
2.12
-2.23
2.60
0.04
0.02
-0.47
0.54
18
16
-0.71 to -0.03
0.10 to 0.76
< 0.001ns, *
0.75 ns, ns
heterozygosity
heterozygosity
10
10
0.43
0.47
-1.17
2.60
-2.80
2.98
0.02
0.02
-0.70
0.73
8
8
-0.88 to -0.13
0.17 to 0.88
1.0 ns, ns
1.0 ns, ns
heterozygosity
heterozygosity
10
8
-0.12
-0.13
0.002
0.88
0.005
0.44
1.0
0.68
0.002
0.18
8
6
-0.57 to 0.57
-0.54 to 0.70
2
ESM Table 2
Species
Carnivora
Black-footed ferret
Black bear
Cheetah
Giant panda
Serengeti Lions
Ngorogoro Lions
Asiatic Lions
Florida panther
Red wolf
Brown bear
Coyote
Domestic cat
Jaguar
Margays
Ocelot
Panther
Tigrinas
Lagomorpha
Rabbit
Artiodactyla
Bison
Primates
Howler monkey
Latin name
He
Heterozygosity
Number
N
of Loci
Sperm Characteristics
% abnormal % motile
N
sperm
sperm
Status
code
Mating
system
Mustela nigripes
Ursus thibetanus japonicus
Acinonyx jubatus raineyi
Ailuropoda melanoleuca
Panthera leo
Panthera leo
Panthera leo persica
Puma concolor coryi
Canis rufus
Ursus arctos yesoensis
Canis latrans
Felis catus
Panthera onca
Leopardus wiedii
Leopardus pardalis
Puma concolor
Leopardus tigrinus
0.371,2
0.523,4
0.466
0.748
0.476
0.406
0.086
0.156
0.727
0.275
0.817
0.686
0.839
0.8210
0.8410
0.686
0.8310
5-7
6-10
82
7
88
88
88
84
4
15
8
93
12
4
4
84
4
7-78
50-67
10
22
10
10
10
10
48
13
10
10
6
25
77
10
46
46.815
48.316, 17
81.619
14.022
24.824
50.524
66.224
93.527
26.428
21.818
12.120
29.121
26.523
42.625
17.625
66.526
40.825
58.515
47.2516,17
6919
7922
9124
8324
6124
38.327
71.228
80.218
86.120
7721
7323
73.525
81.425
n/a
71.425
29
4-18
97
4
8
9
8
16
13
10
10
16
6
3
3
35
4
En
En
En
En
En
En
En
En
En
Non-En
Non-En
Non-En
Non-En
Non-En
Non-En
Non-En
Non-En
P2
P32
P34
P33
P34
P34
P34
P34
M34
P33
M34
P35
P36
P37
P37
P34
P
Oryctolagus cuniculus
0.4611
29
1-29
13.711
n/a
1-29
Non-En
P36
Bison bison
0.6312
15
21-40
26.229
68.829
21
Non-En
P33
Alouatta caraya
0.5613,1
9-11
20-48
29.430,31
76.230,31
6-9
Non-En
P30
4
3
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