Compiled DRRs from Public Review of ECSS-E-10-04B Draft 0.10 09.06.2008 Date of circulation: 04.04.2008 ECSS Working Group: E-10-04 WG Deadline for reply: 28.05.2008 WG convenor: G. Drolshagen DRRs received from ECSS members The Working Group is requested to disposition all the DRRs coming from ECSS members and in case of “Rejection” or “Acceptance with modification” contact the DRR-originator to inform him about the proposed DRR disposition. ECSS TA member Date of reply Number of DRRs ECSS registration no. D. Baum (DLR) No reply 1 DRR 003-DLR IN/2008-46 F. Durand-Carrier (CNES) 28.05.2008 2 DRRs 001 to 002-CNES IN/2008-46 F. Felici (ESA) 09.06.2008 No comments - IN/2008-65 R. Formaro (ASI) No reply I. Gibson (BNSC) No reply G.D. Meijvogel (NIVR) No reply Eurospace 29.05.2008 24 DRRs 004 to 027-Eurospace IN/2008-47 Remarks: None -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------DRRs reveived from non-ECSS members The WG is requested to disposition the DRRs but has not the obligation to inform the DRR-originator about the proposed disposition. Originator of DRR W. Kent Tobiska – Space Environment Technologies (U.S.A). (ktobiska@spaceenvironment.net) Total DRRs received DRR received 5 DRRs Number of DRRs 5 DRRs 028 to 032-Tobiska ECSS registration no. IN/2008-66 32 DRRs Remarks: None Page 1 of 13 Compiled DRRs from Public Review of ECSS-E-10-04B Draft 0.10 09.06.2008 4. Review Item no. (Entered by Secretariat) DRR number - Originator 5. Location of deficiency clause page (e.g. 3.1 14) 6. Review deficiency and justification 7. Proposed change 8. Disposition of DRR 9. DRR implemented 001-CNES Radiation belt fluxes model : alternative models for MEO orbits (GPS, Galileo) have been developed at ONERA/DESP through CNES R&T complemented by ESA/ESTEC R&D. Those models are based on longterm measurement series from GPS spacecraft. Compared to the usual standard AE8 model, those models offer a better time coverage and rely on actual measurement data (few effective measurement in the orbital zones of interest were used for building AE8). It would be very beneficial to consider at least one of the versions of these models (v1, v2) as alternatives to AE8 in the MEO range. Accepted New paragraph added to include MEOv2 model as standard for GPS type orbits and as option for higher MEO/ Navigation orbits. 002-CNES Solar particle models : for peak SEU rate calculations, it is necessary to consider not only average total solar particle fluence over the mission lifetime, but also peak particle fluxes during solar events. No solar event peak flux model is proposed in this version of E-10-04. Accepted Table with peak fluxes is included. I propose to include E-10-04 in the consistency review to check it for compliance with drafting rules (e.g. in 6.2.2.b requirements in requirement, 8.2.2.f not written as requirement - should be a note). Accepted Text will be checked and updated where required. Rejected This DRR is not clear. Tests are not needed to verify the requirements. Tests of 003-DLR 004-Eurospace General The description / specification of the environment is very detailed. What is missing is the reference to the tests which are acceptable for the verification of the environmental requirement. Dispositions: A Accept comment as written AM Accept comment with modification (disposition with justification required) R Reject comment (disposition with justification required) Add a test section or a reference where the test approach is described. Page 2 of 13 Compiled DRRs from Public Review of ECSS-E-10-04B Draft 0.10 09.06.2008 4. Review Item no. (Entered by Secretariat) DRR number - Originator 5. Location of deficiency clause page (e.g. 3.1 14) 6. Review deficiency and justification 7. Proposed change 8. Disposition of DRR 9. DRR implemented systems or subsystems themselves are outside the scope of this standard. 005-Eurospace 6.3 36 Table 6.3 and Annex G.9 are not in accordance: Annex G.9 reports Ap=300 as a long-term high value, whilst Table 6.3 reports Ap=25. Provide consistent values between Paragraphs 6.2 and 6.3 and Annex G.9. Accepted Reference data in Table G3 will be made consistent with index values in Table 6.3. Long term high index values will be changed. Additional short term index values and reference data will be added. 006-Eurospace 6.3 36 Why have the (long-term) F10.7 and Ap indices been reduced so heavily, when compared with version A of this standard? Does this mean that past and current satellites are being designed with pessimistic atomic oxygen values? Please clarify. Rejected The values had not changed from previous version A of the standard. 007-Eurospace 9 4753 This section does not include the models to calculate the displacement damage doses, the effects of which have to be analysed according to ECSS-E-10-12. Update the section introducing the displacement damage equivalent fluence depth curve (expressed in 10MeV p/cm2). Rejected This is within the scope of ECSS-E-10-12 and not within Dispositions: A Accept comment as written AM Accept comment with modification (disposition with justification required) R Reject comment (disposition with justification required) Page 3 of 13 Compiled DRRs from Public Review of ECSS-E-10-04B Draft 0.10 09.06.2008 4. Review Item no. (Entered by Secretariat) DRR number - Originator 5. Location of deficiency clause page (e.g. 3.1 14) 6. Review deficiency and justification 7. Proposed change 8. Disposition of DRR 9. DRR implemented ECSS-E-1004. 008-Eurospace 9.2.1 4950 The subparagraphs titles are not in line with the title of the paragraph which refers to fluxes, not orbits or analyses. Subparagraphs titles should all refer to fluxes, or alternatively they should all refer to orbits. AM Titles of subpragraphs are modified. The sub-paragraph on internal charging will be kept in this clause with modified title. Para. 9.2.1.3 should be removed from this section, possibly introduced in section 8. 009-Eurospace 9.2.1.2 50 Paragraph deals only with electron fluxes in geostationary orbits, disregarding protons. Even if trapped protons are much less significant in a GEO orbit than e.g. in a LEO orbit, the paragraph should include all particle models in a way similar to para. 9.2.1.1. Accepted Text is modified and paragraph restructured accordingly 010-Eurospace 9.2.1.2 50 The NOTE “Models for other orbits are available, more information on these models is given in Annex I” should not be placed under paragraph titled “electron fluxes in geostationary orbits”, unless the intention is to provide delta information on electron fluxes in GEO orbits only. Move the note to another location and give clear indications on which models for which orbits the informative annex provides useful delta information to be considered (e.g., MEO electron environment). Accepted Text is modified and paragraph restructured accordingly 011-Eurospace 9.2.2 50 The organisation of the paragraph is not clear and may lead to misunderstanding. There is no introducing sentence. Moreover: The paragraph should be re-arranged, possibly sub-divided in sections for particle types (protons, ions) and subsequently on orbit type and then on mission duration. AM Paragraph will be re-arranged for clarification. Sub-division will be into fluences and fluxes. Re-arrange the paragraph making clear whether Accepted Paragraph will 012-Eurospace 9.2.2 50 It seems that bullet c) refers to bullet a). Bullet d) refers to a specific orbit whilst the previous bullets refer to mission times. Bullets e) and f) refer to ions, whilst the first 4 bullets refer to protons. “For ions other than protons, either: the CREME96 model Dispositions: A Accept comment as written AM Accept comment with modification (disposition with justification required) R Reject comment (disposition with justification required) Page 4 of 13 Compiled DRRs from Public Review of ECSS-E-10-04B Draft 0.10 09.06.2008 4. Review Item no. (Entered by Secretariat) DRR number - Originator 5. Location of deficiency clause page (e.g. 3.1 14) Solar particle event models e. 013-Eurospace 014-Eurospace 6. Review deficiency and justification [RN.18] (only available online) or Table B.7, Table B.8, and Table B.9 shall be used.” 7. Proposed change 8. Disposition of DRR points b., c., d. are applicable to SPE protons, SPE ions, or both. 9. DRR implemented be re-arranged Are the “conservative” assumptions on mission duration (point b.) and scaling with the distance (point d.) applicable to bullet a. (SPE protons / ESP model) intended to be applicable to bullet e. (SPE ions / CRME96) as well? 9.2.2 Solar particle event models d. 50 9.2.2, 9.2.3 50, 51 “For interplanetary missions, the results of the solar particle models shall be scaled by a factor calculated as the mean value over the mission of: (1/r2) for r<1AU [RN.16] and 1 for r>1AU, where r is in unit of AU. “ Rejected This issue was discussed at length in the WG. As all S/C start at 1 AU and the propagation of SPE particles still has uncertainties it was decided to keep the present requirement. Rejected This is a suggestion for updating tools. The need to implement the standard models into the relevant risk assessment tools is acknowledged The scaling is acceptable for scientific missions, but note that it is not consistent with the requirements for ExoMars mission (r > 1 AU), where a 1/r scaling is specified. To satisfy para. 9.2.2 and 9.2.3 requirements, the use of different SW tools (e.g. OMERE for ESP model and ISO 15390, CREME96 for ions during solar event) is necessary. SEU rate calculation becomes more laborious than in the past. Dispositions: A Accept comment as written AM Accept comment with modification (disposition with justification required) R Reject comment (disposition with justification required) It would be advisable to have all necessary models to allow the computation of component SEU rates included in one single SW tool available to the community of users. Page 5 of 13 Compiled DRRs from Public Review of ECSS-E-10-04B Draft 0.10 09.06.2008 4. Review Item no. (Entered by Secretariat) DRR number - Originator 5. Location of deficiency clause page (e.g. 3.1 14) 6. Review deficiency and justification 7. Proposed change 8. Disposition of DRR 9. DRR implemented Out of scope of this standard. No change proposed. 015-Eurospace 9.3 52 a) Bullet 3) requires to include “Maximum instantaneous energy spectra of trapped electrons, trapped protons and solar energetic protons (geomagnetically shielded) for the mission, for internal charging and sensor interference analysis” in the radiation environment specification. Paragraph 9.2.1.3 accounts only for electron fluxes for charging analysis, not protons. b) Bullets 4) and 5): why both 5 min. peak and worst day ion let spectrum need to be specified? (Note that CREME96 should be used only for ions other than protons during solar event). c) Bullet 8): uncertainties in the environmental models are not necessarily known to the Company who is in charge of preparing the radiation environment specification. Dispositions: A Accept comment as written AM Accept comment with modification (disposition with justification required) R Reject comment (disposition with justification required) 1. If charging analysis inputs and sensor interference analysis inputs are to be specified in a radiation environment specification, section 9.2 should be updated to include instantaneous spectra models also for protons (trapped and solar). At least, a reference to the appendix (if electron models instantaneous are given) should be made. AM Models for Instantaneous fluxes are not available for all species. Text in 9.2 and 9.3 is modified accordingly. 2. Bullet 5) should be removed or it should state explicitly that the customer / user has to define which instantaneous ion spectra is to be used. AM Text will be modified tor clarification. Bullets 4. and 5. will be kept as they address fluxes and fluences, respectively. 3. Bullet 8) should be removed or modified giving the customer / user the possibility to define margins to cover the uncertainties in the environment models. Rejected Model uncertainties are included in this standard. The customer / user is free to define his own Page 6 of 13 Compiled DRRs from Public Review of ECSS-E-10-04B Draft 0.10 09.06.2008 4. Review Item no. (Entered by Secretariat) DRR number - Originator 5. Location of deficiency clause page (e.g. 3.1 14) 6. Review deficiency and justification 7. Proposed change 8. Disposition of DRR 9. DRR implemented margins. d) 016-Eurospace 10.2.1 General requirem ents 10.2.2.1. Space debris a) Appendix J.4.3 55 The radiation environment specification is not required to include specific particle fluxes per unit area for solar generators degradation. General comment. An “impact risk assessment” is required for space debris and meteoroids. This assessment would give only general indications on the severity of the particulate environment expected on a few oriented surfaces in the S/C orbit, but in order to understand whether the S/C design is robust or whether (and how) the configuration is to be modified a “failure risk assessment” is necessary. In order to properly perform a risk assessment, it is necessary to have an analysis tool implementing the applicable environment models (MASTER-2005 Debris, Divine/MASTER-2005, “modified” Gruen model). According to appendix J.4.3, “ESABASE2/DEBRIS is applicable for earth orbits and allows the optional use of several meteoroid and debris flux models. The tool includes the MASTER-2005 model and the sporadic and stream meteoroid models given in 10.2.4, including the altitude dependent velocity distribution”. However, the currently available version of ESABASE2/Debris does not implement these applicable environment models, yet. Moreover, a few implementation problems affecting this tool prevent its general use for industrial analyses. In addition, no other debris / meteoroids risk assessment tools exist which implement the MASTER-2005 model. Dispositions: A Accept comment as written AM Accept comment with modification (disposition with justification required) R Reject comment (disposition with justification required) 4. Add a bullet adding particle fluxes per unit area to be used for solar cells degradation. Modify text, adding a clear statement reflecting the current status of the capabilities available in Europe. AM Rejected The definition of fluxes will be modified to state that it is per unit area. A detailed discussion of the tools available for impact risk and failure assessments is outside the scope of this standard. Some information will be added on the applicable model for the ISS in Annex J. The need to implement the standard models into the relevant risk assessment tools is acknowledged. Page 7 of 13 Compiled DRRs from Public Review of ECSS-E-10-04B Draft 0.10 09.06.2008 4. Review Item no. (Entered by Secretariat) DRR number - Originator 5. Location of deficiency clause page (e.g. 3.1 14) 6. Review deficiency and justification Until the ESABASE2/Debris is fixed and the required environment models are successfully implemented, the ECSS-E-10-04B can not be made applicable to programmes for which a meteoroids / debris risk assessment is required. Note that for the International Space Station the applicable environment models are SSP30425 (NASA90) and/or ORDEM-2000 even for ESA programmes. It would be advisable mentioning this aspect. 7. Proposed change 8. Disposition of DRR 9. DRR implemented Add a note mentioning that the MASTER-2005 model is not currently applicable to ISS related programmes. 017-Eurospace 10.2.6 Margins 58 The need for a “worst case assumption” is undefined and may lead a customer to ask for it in order to be on the safe side. A factor of 3 may have unbearable impacts on the design of a spacecraft in case the “worst case assumption” is used for a risk assessment. Modify text, adding explicitly a warning on the impacts this factor may have on the design in case a risk assessment is performed. Accepted Worst case requirement has been removed. Uncertainty of fluxes is given in note. 018-Eurospace C.1.2. flux and velocity distributio n 78 It is requested to report and example for the computation of the flux enhancement and the velocity distribution for the “modified Gruen” model for at least a real case in order to: Add explicitly an example of the results obtained for the flux enhancement and the modified velocity distribution according to the procedure described. AM Examples of velocity distributions and average velocities for different Earth orbits are added. allow the user to cross check the procedure (which is not straightforward) against the results of a benchmark case compare with the flux predicted by the MASTER-2005/Divine model for the same conditions. compare the velocity shift respect to original “unperturbed” velocity distribution Dispositions: A Accept comment as written AM Accept comment with modification (disposition with justification required) R Reject comment (disposition with justification required) A comparison with the fluxes from the DivineStaubach model could be useful but is omitted to limit the size of Page 8 of 13 Compiled DRRs from Public Review of ECSS-E-10-04B Draft 0.10 09.06.2008 4. Review Item no. (Entered by Secretariat) DRR number - Originator 5. Location of deficiency clause page (e.g. 3.1 14) 6. Review deficiency and justification 7. Proposed change 8. Disposition of DRR 9. DRR implemented the standard According to (C.2): 2 019-Eurospace G C.1.2 Factor G 78 79 v 2 v 2 v esc According to (C.10): v k2 Gk 2 2 v k vesc According to (C.5): 020-Eurospace FE G FG C.1.2 Fluxes FE, FG 7879 Accepted Text is improved for clarity Accepted Text is improved for clarity Accepted Text will be improved for clarity Explain/Justify expressions (C.2) and (C.10). It would be appreciable to spend a few words about the meaning of the factor G and/or provide reference. Compute and report the factor G values for a few different velocity distributions (in LEO, GEO…. free space) Provide the definition of FG Explain the meaning of “enhanced flux FE” Provide the definition of N According to C(6) and C(8): N G 0 n(v )G(v )dv nk Gk Explain the meaning of G (scalar value?) k 1 021-Eurospace C.1.2 Velocity distributi on function at distance r According to (C.8): 7879 N N k 1 k 1 G nk Gk n' K According to (C.9): n’k=Gknk Dispositions: A Accept comment as written AM Accept comment with modification (disposition with justification required) R Reject comment (disposition with justification required) Clarify whether the distribution n’(vk), with values n’k, is a normalized distribution like n (v ) Plot the velocity distribution function for a few distances r (LEO, GEO… free space) in a single graph. Suggested plot is added. Page 9 of 13 Compiled DRRs from Public Review of ECSS-E-10-04B Draft 0.10 09.06.2008 4. Review Item no. (Entered by Secretariat) DRR number - Originator 5. Location of deficiency clause page (e.g. 3.1 14) 6. Review deficiency and justification 7. Proposed change 022-Eurospace AM C.1.2 Rebinning 7980 ….As a result the bin widths will now no longer be equidistant in v, which is the independent variable of the new distribution function n’(v), so re-binning will be necessary by interpolating the values of n’(v)….. 023-Eurospace C.1.2 Flux increase 024-Eurospace Not e, p. 80 “The velocity correction which is used to increase the flux with decreasing distance from the Earth is used to adjust the velocity distribution which is then re-binned accordingly”. Clarify how to re-bin the values for the new velocity distribution n’(v). Report at least an example Clarify the meaning of “…increase the flux…” Clarify if there is actually an “increase” in the meteoroid flux or just a different velocity distribution with unchangeable total number of meteoroid particles. Clarify if and how Ge (paragraph C.1.3) is correlated to G (paragraph C.1.2) C.1.2 “Enhanc ed” meteoroi d velocity at distance r 025-Eurospace 8. Disposition of DRR C.1.2 Meteoroi d According to (C.3): 78 2 v 2 vesc v2 / / Dispositions: A Accept comment as written AM Accept comment with modification (disposition with justification required) R Reject comment (disposition with justification required) 9. DRR implemented Text is improved for clarity A specific example of the re-binning procedure is not felt necessary. Accepted Text is improved for clarity Accepted Suggested plot is added. Accepted Average velocities are given in Plot the “enhanced” meteoroid velocity v(r) for a few distances r (LEO, GEO …. free space) in a single graph Compute and report the average velocity values of the meteoroid flux at different distance r (LEO, GEO …. free space) Page 10 of 13 Compiled DRRs from Public Review of ECSS-E-10-04B Draft 0.10 09.06.2008 4. Review Item no. (Entered by Secretariat) DRR number - Originator 5. Location of deficiency clause page (e.g. 3.1 14) 6. Review deficiency and justification 7. Proposed change 8. Disposition of DRR 9. DRR implemented Caption of figure with velocity distributions for various Earth distances. average velocity 026-Eurospace K.1.1.1 154 A typo is present in (K.1) equation: the reaction constant is indicated by the symbol ”h”, while in the following line the same quantity is indicated by the symbol “k” Modify choosing an unambiguous symbol (usually “k” is used) Accepted Symbol h is replaced by k 027-Eurospace K.2.1 158 one hierarchy level of kinematics modelling, i.e. modelling of moving parts is also enabled, as the relative motion or pointing of sub models with respect to the main model or orbit Add this feature in the COMOVA description Accepted Feature is added in description as proposed Following DRRs were received from non-ECSS members and shall be dispositioned by the WG as well but without the obligation to inform the DRR-originator about the proposed disposition 028-Tobiska 6.1.2.2.15 3233 wavelength ranges are not consistent with IS 21348:2007 definitions (note that the ISO definitions were developed with the consensus of the international solar irradiance community between 2000-2007). 6.1.2.2.1: Soft X-rays or XUV (0.1 nm ≤ < 10 nm) Accepted Text will be modified as proposed. AM The proposed value for S is already 6.1.2.2.2: Extreme Ultraviolet or EUV (10 nm ≤ < 121 nm) 6.1.2.2.3: Ultraviolet or UV (100 nm ≤ < 400 nm) 6.1.2.2.4: Visible, optical, or VIS (380 nm ≤ < 760 nm) 6.1.2.2.5: Infrared or IR (0.76 m ≤ < 1 mm) 029-Tobiska 6.1.2.1 32 Solar constant should be defined as identical with IS 21348:2007 (note that the ISO definition was developed with the consensus of the international solar irradiance Dispositions: A Accept comment as written AM Accept comment with modification (disposition with justification required) R Reject comment (disposition with justification required) solar constant, S: total solar irradiance at normal incidence to Page 11 of 13 Compiled DRRs from Public Review of ECSS-E-10-04B Draft 0.10 09.06.2008 4. Review Item no. (Entered by Secretariat) DRR number - Originator 5. Location of deficiency clause page (e.g. 3.1 14) 6. Review deficiency and justification community between 2000-2007). Please see IS 21348:2007 for references. 7. Proposed change the top of the Earth’s atmosphere through a unit surface and at 1 ua with a mean value of 1 366 W m−2 See Reference [7]. NOTE The solar constant, a historical term, is not constant. It varies geometrically with the Earth’s distance from the Sun and physically with the Sun’s magnetic field activity on short to long timescales, as well as with the observer’s heliocentric latitude. The value of 1366 W m−2 is the measurement community’s current agreement expressed through a TSI space-based composite dataset that is normalized to an arbitrarily selected set of missions defining the SARR (see Reference [6]). A range of measured values extends from SORCE/TIM 2003-2004(+?) values (1 362 W m−2) to NIMBUS-7/HF 1978-1993 values (1 372 W m−2), but also includes SMM/ACRIM I 19801989 (1 368 W m−2), ERBS/ERBE 1984-2003 (1 365 W m−2), UARS/ACRIM II 1991-2001 (1 364 W m−2), EURECA/SOVA2 1992-1993 (1 367 W m−2), SOHO/VIRGO 1996-2004(+?) (1 366 W m−2) and ACRIMSAT/ACRIM III 2000-2004(+?) (1 364 W m−2) measurements. The SARR reduces all solar constant space measurements to a single ensemble dataset. The currently measured 1-sigma variation in the composite dataset is approximately 0,6 W m−2 and there is a long-term (yearly) smoothed solar cycle minimum to maximum relative variation about the mean value of approximately 1,4 W m−2 (see Reference [7]). Dispositions: A Accept comment as written AM Accept comment with modification (disposition with justification required) R Reject comment (disposition with justification required) 8. Disposition of DRR 9. DRR implemented specified in Table 6.2. The proposed text will be included in shortened form Page 12 of 13 Compiled DRRs from Public Review of ECSS-E-10-04B Draft 0.10 09.06.2008 4. Review Item no. (Entered by Secretariat) DRR number - Originator 5. Location of deficiency clause page (e.g. 3.1 14) 6. Review deficiency and justification 7. Proposed change 8. Disposition of DRR 9. DRR implemented 030-Tobiska 6.1.2.3.1 34 reference should be added for S10.7 Tobiska, W.K., S.D. Bouwer, and B.R. Bowman, "The development of new solar indices for use in thermospheric density modeling," J. Atm. Solar Terr. Phys., 70, 803-819, 2008 Accepted Proposed reference will be added 031-Tobiska 6.1.2.3.1 34 reference should be added for M10.7 Tobiska, W.K., S.D. Bouwer, and B.R. Bowman, "The development of new solar indices for use in thermospheric density modeling," J. Atm. Solar Terr. Phys., 70, 803-819, 2008 Accepted Proposed reference will be added 032-Tobiska Other Bibliograp hy 6. Natural Electrom agnetic radiation and indices 170 reference should be added for solar indices Tobiska, W.K., S.D. Bouwer, and B.R. Bowman, "The development of new solar indices for use in thermospheric density modeling," J. Atm. Solar Terr. Phys., 70, 803-819, 2008 Accepted Proposed reference will be added Dispositions: A Accept comment as written AM Accept comment with modification (disposition with justification required) R Reject comment (disposition with justification required) Page 13 of 13