AP Chapter 21 & 22 Study Guide
The Progressive Era
Ch. 21 Key Terms:
Goals of Progressivism
“Muckrakers”: Ida
Tarbell & Lincoln
Steffens
Social Gospel Movement
GFWC
“Clubwomen” Charlotte
Perkins Gilman – Women
and Economics
Women’s Trade Union
League
W.E.B. DuBois NAACP
The “Talented Tenth”
Father John Ryan
Settlement Houses
Jane Addams & Hull
House
Thorstein Veblen – A
Theory of the Leisure Class
Social Science
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
NAWSA
19TH Amendment
Anti-Saloon League
18th Amendment
Eugenics & Madison
Grant
Dillingham Report
American Medical
Association
Johns Hopkins – William
Welch Hopkins
National Association of
Manufacturers
The “New Woman”
“Boston Marriages”
Ch. 22
Northern Securities
Company
Department of Commerce
and Labor
1902 Anthracite Coal
Strike
Teddy Roosevelt’s
“Square Deal”
Hepburn Act & Pure
Food and Drug Act
Upton Sinclair’s The
Equal Rights Amendment
Commission Plan
City-Manager Plan
Tom Johnson
Initiative & Referendum
Direct Primary & Recall
Robert LaFollette &
“Laboratory of
Progressivism”
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
Temperance Movement &
WCTU
Eugene Debs & Socialist
Party of America
IWW “Wobblies” &
William Haywood
Louis Brandeis – Other
People’s Money
“Good Trusts” and “Bad
Trusts”
Herbert Croly & Walter
Lippmann
Payne-Aldrich Tariff
“Civilized” vs.
“Uncivilized” nations
Portsmouth Peace
Conference
“Great White Fleet”
Ballinger-Pinchot Dispute
Roosevelt Corollary
“New Nationalism”
Platt Amendment
The Progressive Party
Panama “Revolt” &
Tennessee Coal & Iron
Company
William Howard Taft
AP Chapter 21 & 22 Study Guide
The Progressive Era
Jungle
& Meat Inspection Act
Conservationists &
Preservationists
Gifford Pinchot &
Newlands Reclamation
Act
John Muir
George Perkins Marsh
Hetch Hetchy
Controversy
Panic of 1907
Canal
Woodrow Wilson’s “New
Freedom”
Underwood-Simmons
Tariff
Dollar Diplomacy
16th Amendment
Mexican Revolution of
1910
Pancho Villa
Federal Reserve Act &
Federal Reserve System
Federal Trade
Commission Act &
Clayton Antitrust Act
Keating-Owen Act
Moral Diplomacy
General John Pershing
1. What were the key reform "impulses" that characterized
progressivism?
2. What were the Muckrakers? Identify some of the major
muckrakers and their writings. How did they prepare the way for
Progressivism?
3. Identify the main points of the philosophy of the Social Gospel
movement. What contributions did this movement make to
Progressivism?
4. What were the characteristics of the so-called new
professionalism? How did it express itself in the social sciences?
5. Why did so many upper- and middle-class women become
progressives? What organizations/clubs helped to politically
organize women during the Progressive Era?
6. What were the principal arguments for and against women's
suffrage?
7. How did the debate over the "sphere" of women shape the suffrage
movement? Which position was probably the most influential in
finally obtaining the vote for women? Why was the West different?
8. What happened to the women's movement after suffrage was
accomplished in 1920?
9. How did progressive reform impact the operation and structure of
city government?
10. Who was Robert La Follette? Why did his state, Wisconsin, become
known as "The Laboratory of Democracy?"
AP Chapter 21 & 22 Study Guide
The Progressive Era
11. What was the relationship between the weakening of political
parties and the rise of interest groups?
12. What were some of the progressive reforms pushed by organized
labor?
13. By what means did some urban political machines, such as Tammany
Hall, manage to survive the progressive era?
14. Why was progressivism especially strong in the western states?
15. Today, anti-liquor laws are often thought of as conservative. Why
was prohibition regarded as a progressive issue? What forces
usually opposed prohibition?
16. Most progressives abhorred the urban disorder resulting from the
influx of immigrants, but they differed about the appropriate
response to the problem. Which one dominated and why?
17. What caused the rise of Eugene Debs and the Socialist Party of
America and demise of the Socialist movement in America during
this period?
AP Ch. 22 QUESTIONS
1. How did Teddy Roosevelt's earlier life prepare him to take the role as the
youngest President in American history?
2. What were Teddy Roosevelt's viewpoints about the proper role of government?
What was his position with regard to economic concentration and trusts? To
what extent would he be considered a "trust buster"?
3. What changes did T. R. initiate in the traditional role of the federal
government regarding labor disputes? How did he deal with the Anthracite
Coal Strike of 1902?
4. Describe the key goals and accomplishments of T. R.'s “Square Deal”? Why
did he use that name?
5. What was Roosevelt's program for the conservation of natural resources?
Who were the sources of opposition to this program?
6. What was Roosevelt's lasting effect on national environmental policy?
7. What was the cause of the Panic of 1907? What role did T.R. play in the
crisis and what did it do to his reputation?
8. Contrast the personalities of Teddy Roosevelt and William Howard Taft.
What effect did their personalities have on their presidency?
9. What were the major political problems that confronted Taft during his
presidential administration? How did his actions, and lack of action,
contribute to the division of the Republican Party?
10. Why was Teddy Roosevelt pushed into open opposition to Taft? Why did T. R.
AP Chapter 21 & 22 Study Guide
The Progressive Era
break from the Republicans to form the Progressive [Bull Moose] Party in
1912?
11. Identify the main points of Woodrow Wilson's "New Freedom."
12. Why was the 1912 election unique? Explain why Woodrow Wilson was
victorious.
13. What was Wilson’s style as president? What were his early goals and why was
he able to accomplish them easily at first?
14. What was Wilson's tariff policy? How was it a departure from the tariff
policies of the Gilded Age presidents? Why and how did this lead to the 16th
Amendment in 1913?
15. How does the Federal Reserve System work? Why is it considered to be one
of the important domestic achievements of Wilson's administration?
16. After the initial spate of New Freedom legislation, why did Wilson back away
from reform? What led him later in his first term, to advance reform once
again?
17. How did Roosevelt distinguish between "civilized" and "uncivilized" nations?
18. What were Teddy Roosevelt's views about America's role in the world? How
did sea power fit into his vision?
19. What was the intent of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine?
What was its impact on the role of the US in the Western Hemisphere?
20. Why did the US want a canal through the Isthmus of Panama? How did the
US go about gaining control of the land necessary to build the Panama Canal?
21. Why was President Taft's foreign policy called "Dollar Diplomacy"? Describe
it.
22. Why did the US government intervene in Nicaragua in 1909 and the Mexican
Revolution in 1914? What was the result of each?
23. How were the approaches of Teddy Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson to foreign
affairs different? Why do you think that Woodrow Wilson's foreign policy
was nicknamed "Moral Diplomacy"? Was that title accurate?