Supplement:
To further clarify what kind of methods, soils, experimental methods derived from the
database of this study, we compiled a list of the source data from peer-reviewed journals. S1
shows a list citation of the references with their respective measurement season, site, and method.
S2 shows the detail of soil characteristics of experimental sites mentioned above in the Taihu Lake
region.
S1: A list citation of the source data with their respective measurement season, site, and method.
Item
Season
Site
Method
Reference
Yield
1998-2002
1998-2001
1994
1995-1998
Monolith Lysimeter
Field experiments
Field experiments
Field experiments
Wang et al.(2007)
Wang et al.(2004)
Cai et al.(1997)
Roelcke et al.(2004)
1996-1997
2002-2003
2003-2005
Changshu
Xiqiao
Nanjing
Jurong
Wuxi
Wuxi
Changshu
Yixing
Field experiments
Field experiments
Field experiments
Cui et al.(1998)
Fan et al.(2005)
Ma(2008)
2003-2005
1998-2002
1996-1997
2005-2006
2004
2003-2006
2006
2003
Changshu
Changshu
Wuxi
Changshu
Jiading
Changshu
Changshu
Monolith Lysimeter
Monolith Lysimeter
Field experiments
Monolith Lysimeter
Field experiments
Field experiments
Monolith Lysimeter
Monolith Lysimeter
Xie et al.(2007)
Wang et al.(2007)
Cui et al.(1998)
Zhang et al.(2008a)
Huang et al.(2007)
Ju et al.(2009)
Zhang et al.(2008b)
Zhao et al.(2009)
1998-2002
2002-2003
2003-2005
2004
2003
Changshu
Changshu
Jiaxing
Wujiang
Jiading
Monolith Lysimeter
field experiments
field experiments
field experiments
field experiments
Wang et al.(2007)
Tian et al.(2007)
Liang et al.(2007)
Jiao et al.(2007)
Lu et al.(2006)
1998-2002
2003
2003-2005
2003-2006
2002-2003
2003-2004
Changshu
Changshu
Jiaxing
Changshu
Changshu
Monolith Lysimeter
Monolith Lysimeter
field experiments
Field experiments
Field experiments
Field experiments
Wang et al.(2007)
Zhao et al.(2009)
Liang et al.(2007)
Ju et al.(2009)
Tian et al.(2007)
Deng et al.(2006)
1994
2003
2003-2005
2002-2003
2000-2001
2001-2003
1993-1994
1994-1997
Nanjing
Changshu
Yixing
Nanjing
Nanjing
Wuxi
Suzhou
Suzhou
Field experiments
Monolith Lysimeter
Field experiments
Field experiments
Field experiments
Field experiments
Field experiments
Field experiments
Cai et al.(1997)
Zhao et al.(2009)
Ma(2008)
Zou et al.(2005)
Zou et al.(2003)
Zheng et al.(2004)
Xing and Zhu(1997)
Zheng et al.(2000)
Leaching
Runoff
NH3
N 2O
S2. Soil characteristics of experimental sites in Taihu Lake region
Site
Organic
C (%)
Total
N (%)
CEC (c mol kg-1)
pH
Location
JiaDing
Xiqiao
Jiaxing
Changshu
Nanjing
Jurong
Wuxi
Yixing
Wujiang
Suzhou
2.73
2.78
2.32
2.0
1.85
0.89
1.66
1.26
1.89
4.46
0.16
0.18
0.19
0.18
0.12
0.10
0.17
0.13
0.16
0.27
15.54
15.0
15.15
20.2
11.6
26.4
6.35
5.5
6.3
7.36
7.99
6.3
6.8
6.23
5.6
7.15
31°.40´N,121°.24´E
31°.43´N,120°.44´E
30°.77´N,120°.76´E
32°.33´N,118°.42´E
32°.00´N,118°.48´E
32°.00´N,119°.10´E
31°.37´N,120°.28´E
31°.17´N,119°.54´E
31°.32´N,120°.56´E
31°.16´N,120°.38´E
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emissions from rice paddy fields as affected by nitrogen fertilizers and water management.
Plant and Soil 196:7-14.
Cui, Y.T., X. Cheng, C.R. Han, and R.G. Li. 1998. Rice nitrogen utilization efficiency and nitrogen
leaching amount in Taihu Lake watershed of south Jiangsu Province. Journal of China
Agricultural University 3:51-54 (in Chinese).
Deng, M.H., B. Yin, S.L. Zhang, Z.L. Zhu, and S.X. J. 2006. Effects of rate and method of N
application on ammonia volatilization in paddy fields. Soils 38:263-269 (in Chinese).
Fan, X.H., Y.S. Song, D.X. Lin, L.Z. Yang, and J.M. Zhou. 2005. Ammonia volatilization losses from
urea applied to wheat on a paddy soil in Taihu region, China. Pedosphere 15:59-65.
Huang, M.W., M. Liu, M. Lu, L.J. Hou, D.N. Ou, and X. Lin. 2007. Study on the nitrogen leaching in
the paddy-wheat rotation agroecosystem. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae 27:629-636 (in
Chinese).
Jiao, S.J., X.M. Hu, G.X. Pan, H.J. Zhou, and X.D. Xu. 2007. Efects of fertilization on nitrogen and
phosphorus run-of loss from Qingzini paddy soil in Taihu Lake region during rice growth
season. Chinese Journal of Ecology 26:495-500 (in Chinese).
Ju, X.T., G.X. Xing, X.P. Chen, S.L. Zhang, L.J. Zhang, X.J. Liu, Z.L. Cui, B. Yin, P. Christie, and Z.L.
Zhu. 2009. Reducing environmental risk by improving N management in intensive Chinese
agricultural systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106:3041-3046.
Liang, X.Q., Y.X. Chen, H. Li, G.M. Tian, W.Z. Ni, M.M. He, and Z.J. Zhang. 2007. Modeling
transport and fate of nitrogen from urea applied to a near-trench paddy field. Environmental
Pollution 150:313-320.
Lu, M., M. Liu, M.W. Huang, and G.F. Mao. 2006. Field Study of Nitrogen Loss in Soil with Ricewheat Rotation System. Journal of Agro-Environment Science 25:1234-1239(in Chinese).
Ma, J. 2008. Effect of straw and nitrogen fertiliser on CH 4 and N2O emissions from rice fields, Chinese
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Roelcke, M., Y. Han, K.H. Schleef, J.G. Zhu, G. Liu, Z.C. Cai, and J. Richter. 2004. Recent trends and
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Tian, Y.H., F.Y. He, B. Yin, and Z.L. Zhu. Ammonia volatilization from paddy fields in the Taihu Lake
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44:893-900.
Tian, Y.H., B. Yin, L.Z. Yang, S.X. Yin, and Z.L. Zhu. 2007. Nitrogen runoff and leaching losses during
Rice-Wheat rotations in Taihu Lake Region, China. Pedosphere 17:445-456.
Wang, D.J., Q. Liu, J.H. Lin, and R.J. Sun. 2004. Optimum nitrogen use and reduced nitrogen loss for
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Wang, X.Z., J.G. Zhu, R. Guo, H. Yasukazu, and K. Feng. 2007. Nitrogen cycling and losses under
Rice-Wheat rotations with coated urea and urea in the Taihu Lake Region. Pedosphere
17:62-69.
Xie, Y.X., Z.Q. Xiong, G.X. Xing, G.Q. Sun, and Z.L. Zhu. 2007. Assessment of nitrogen pollutant
sources in surface waters of Taihu lake region. Pedosphere 17:200-208.
Xing, G.X., and Z.L. Zhu. 1997. Preliminary studies on N2O emission fluxes from upland soils and
paddysoils in China. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 49:17-22.
Zhang, J., D.J. Wang, and C. Wang. 2008a. On nutrient leaching amount of Rice-Wheat rotation field
with monolith lysimeter in Taihu Lake Area. Soil 40:591-595 (in Chinese).
Zhang, J., D.J. Wang, and C. Wang. 2008b. Nitrogen and phosphorus balance under paddy field
irrigation-drainage system in south Jiangsu Plain. Acta Pedologica Sinica 45:657-662 (in
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Zhao, X., Y. Xie, Z. Xiong, X. Yan, G. Xing, and Z. Zhu. 2009. Nitrogen fate and environmental
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Zheng, X., S. Han, Y. Huang, Y. Wang, and M. Wang. 2004. Re-quantifying the emission factors based
on field measurements and estimating the direct N2O emission from Chinese croplands.
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Zheng, X.H., M.X. Wang, Y.S. Wang, R.X. Shen, J. Gou, J. Li, J.S. Jin, and L.T. Li. 2000. Impacts of
soil moisture on nitrous oxide emission from croplands: a case study on rice based
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Zou, J.W., Y. Huang, Y. Lu, X.H. Zheng, and Y.S. Wang. 2005. Direct emission factor for N2O from
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Zou, J.W., Y. Huang, L.G. Zong, J.Y. Jiang, X.H. Zheng, and Y.S. Wang. 2003. Effects of water regime
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