WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
COMMISSION FOR BASIC SYSTEMS
OPEN PROGRAMME AREA GROUP
ON INTEGRATED OBSERVING SYSTEMS
SECOND CBS/GCOS EXPERT MEETING ON
COORDINATION OF THE GSN AND GUAN
CBS/OPAG-IOS/
EMCGG-2/Doc. 4.4
(15.VIII.2005)
_________
Item: 3
Original: ENGLISH
ASHEVILLE, USA, 28-30 SEPTEMBER 2005
Report of the GUAN Monitoring Centre ECMWF
(Submitted by A. Garcia-Mendez)
Summary and Purpose of Document
The document provides information about the GUAN monitoring
conducted at ECMWF.
ACTION PROPOSED
The meeting is invited to note the information contained in this document when
considering recommendations on the improvement of data availability from the
GUAN
_______________
CBS/OPAG-IOS/EMCGG-2/Doc. 4.4, p. 2
Report of GUAN Monitoring Centre ECMWF
Antonio Garcia-Mendez
Met Analyst MetOps ECMWF
1. Introduction
The GUAN has been monitored at the ECMWF for three years now. The monitoring results
are shown on a web page in our external web site. The contents of the web pages deal with the
number of data and gross errors received at ECMWF for different levels and parameters. The web
pages have not been modified since then and this is a nice opportunity to learn about suggestions,
modifications and/or additions.
2. Monitoring the GUAN
The geographical distribution of the GUAN stations can be seen in figure 1. Those 161
stations are displayed in the ECMWF GUAN web site with statistics updated at the beginning of
every month.
ECMWF - Stations selected for statistics
January - December 2004
63 NH
160°W
140°W
100°W
80°W
80°N
20°N
0°
20°S
40°S
60°S
40°W
20°W
0°
20°E
40°E
60°E
80°E
100°E
120°E
140°E
160°E
80°N
20674
01001
71925
24266
23472
23921
31088
30230
27459
28698 29862
71816
32540
03953
35121
71836
33345
03808 10393
50527
11035
72776
53068
47412
72597
16245
72520
37789
17130
51709
08508
52681
72451
40745
08495
4713847646
72293
78016
55299 57461 47827
60018
47936 4797147991
72250 72201
56778
41217
62414
60680
45004
91285
76654 785837839778526
41112
98223
61641 61052
48455
91212
78954
78762 78988
63450
91334 91376
65578 64910
96315 91408
81405
80222
48698
43599
84008
63741
8233282193
82397
63985
63894
96935
61902
9180192035
91517
91925
84628
96996
94120
91765
83378
61901
61976
91938
91557
67774
94203
94294
61995
94302
91592
68110
85442
83779
67197
94461 94510
85469
87155
91958
94996
68588
94659
94995
94610
85586 87576
68816
61996
68906
85799
94975
87860
93844
68994
61998
8593488889
94998
70308
40°N
60°W
71082
70026
60°N
46 SH
52 TROP
120°W
04270
71934
04018
02836
22550
89055
89002
89512
89532
89564 89571 89592 89611
140°W
120°W
100°W
80°W
60°W
40°W
20°W
89664
0°
20°E
40°E
60°E
80°E
100°E
120°E
40°N
20°N
0°
20°S
40°S
60°S
89642
89022
80°S
160°W
60°N
03005
70398
140°E
80°S
160°E
Figure 1
Geographical distribution of the GUAN stations
2.a Data availability
The number of data coming from the GUAN stations and arriving to ECMWF shows a
smooth positive trend since 1994. The rate of launched GUAN sondes reaching 100 hPa is stable
and fluctuating from 92% to 95%. Figure 2 shows that at 50 hPa the signal of the increase of
reports is evident both in absolute and relative terms.
CBS/OPAG-IOS/EMCGG-2/Doc. 4.4, p. 3
Monthly counts of Radiosondes received at ECMWF
Temperature 50 hPa - GUAN
00 UTC
12 UTC
06 UTC
18 UTC
Frequency*1000
4
3
2
1
0
J FMAMJJASONDJ FMAMJJASONDJ FMAMJJASONDJ FMAMJJASONDJ FMAMJJASONDJ FMAMJJASONDJ FMAMJJASONDJ FMAMJJASONDJ FMAMJJASONDJ FMAMJJASONDJ FMAMJJASONDJ FMAM
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Figure 2
Time series from January 1994 to July 2005 showing the number of temperature data at 50 hPa received at
ECMWF (GUAN stations)
In relative terms the percentage of GUAN radiosondes reaching 50 hPa is between 85%
and 90%. These time series are very useful to detect trend changes in the data reception. The
recovery of the network after the 1998 OMEGA wind finding system cessation was completed at
the beginning of 2001
The composite charts displayed in figures 3 and 4 shows the areas where the changes
have been larger. A comparison between 1998 and 2004 shows the data increase in North and
South America, south western Asia and Australia.
A detailed summary of the percentage of reception at ECMWF from 1998 to 2004 for all the
stations can be found in Appendix A.
CBS/OPAG-IOS/EMCGG-2/Doc. 4.4, p. 4
GUAN STATIONS JAN-DEC 1998
Frequency of RECEPTION data at ECMWF
Level: 100 hPa Temperature SUMMARY 00/12 UTC
90 - 100
170°W
150°W
130°W
% of received data
25 - 50
1 - 25
50 - 90
110°W
90°W
70°W
50°W
30°W
10°W
0°
0-1
10°E 20°E 30°E 40°E 50°E 60°E 70°E 80°E 90°E
110°E
130°E
150°E
170°E
80°N
80°N
70°N
70°N
60°N
60°N
50°N
50°N
40°N
40°N
30°N
30°N
20°N
20°N
10°N
10°N
0°
0°
10°S
10°S
20°S
20°S
30°S
30°S
40°S
40°S
50°S
50°S
60°S
60°S
70°S
70°S
80°S
80°S
170°W
150°W
130°W
110°W
90°W
70°W
50°W
30°W
10°W
0°
10°E 20°E 30°E 40°E 50°E 60°E 70°E 80°E 90°E
110°E
130°E
150°E
170°E
Figure 3
Summary for GUAN stations January to December 1998. Temperature at 100 hPa
GUAN STATIONS JAN-DEC 2004
Frequency of RECEPTION data at ECMWF
Level: 100 hPa Temperature SUMMARY 00/12 UTC
90 - 100
170°W
150°W
130°W
% of received data
25 - 50
1 - 25
50 - 90
110°W
90°W
70°W
50°W
30°W
10°W
0°
0-1
10°E 20°E 30°E 40°E 50°E 60°E 70°E 80°E 90°E
110°E
130°E
150°E
170°E
80°N
80°N
70°N
70°N
60°N
60°N
50°N
50°N
40°N
40°N
30°N
30°N
20°N
20°N
10°N
10°N
0°
0°
10°S
10°S
20°S
20°S
30°S
30°S
40°S
40°S
50°S
50°S
60°S
60°S
70°S
70°S
80°S
80°S
170°W
150°W
130°W
110°W
90°W
70°W
50°W
30°W
10°W
0°
10°E 20°E 30°E 40°E 50°E 60°E 70°E 80°E 90°E
110°E
130°E
150°E
170°E
Figure 4
Summary for GUAN stations January to December 2004. Temperature at 100 hPa
CBS/OPAG-IOS/EMCGG-2/Doc. 4.4, p. 5
2.b Data Quality
In order to assess the quality of the data we compute vertical statistics for the data
compared to the deterministic model first guess which is a 12 hours forecast and also against the
4DVAR analysis.
In the case of the temperature the statistics I have prepared are stratified according to the
radiosonde type in the GUAN. The assessment have been carried out considering the following
RS types
 Vaisala VRS80 (86 stations)
 Vaisala VRS90-92 (19 stations)
 Viz (23 stations)
 Meisei (6 stations)
 MRZ (13 stations)
 Shang (7 stations)
The statistics for temperature are then computed according to the solar elevation which is
an important factor when considering the application of a temperature bias correction scheme.
Five different ranges of solar elevations have been used namely
 Elevation below -7.5 degrees
 Elevation between +7.5 and -7.5 degrees
 Elevation between +7.5 and +27.5 degrees
 Elevation between +27.5 and +47.5 degrees
 Elevation above +47.5 degrees
Three examples for radiosondes using VRS80, VIZ and MRZ can be found in figures 5, 6
and 7 for the period January to December 2004.
The vertical profiles of VRS80 and VRS90-92 groups don’t show relevant differences. The
random deviation is within good performance limits even at the Stratosphere. The profile of the
MEISEI shows a good performance as in the previous case.
When we assess the profiles of VIZ, MRZ and SHANG radiosondes the random deviation
values at the Stratosphere are much larger than for VAISALA or MEISEI. These statistics will be
discuss in more detail in my presentation.
CBS/OPAG-IOS/EMCGG-2/Doc. 4.4, p. 6
COMBINED SONDES
MEAN OBS-FG TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCES V SOLAR ELEVATION
JAN - DEC 2004
0
E< -7.5
5
66
28
61
40
3597 1342 3268 2714 1873
20
7704 2389 5237 4640 3974
30
10620 3013 6220 5897 5162
50
12670 3299 6690 6474 5734
70
13541 3363 6866 6635 5879
100
15486 3386 7432 6991 6166
150
15725 3442 7560 7111 6272
200
15881 3466 7636 7227 6343
250
15938 3479 7676 7240 6384
300
15964 3502 7677 7249 6415
400
16039 3512 7689 7282 6439
500
16094 3528 7708 7316 6456
700
16134 3539 7722 7336 6472
850
15538 3544 7636 7157 6327
925
14334 3339 7473 6783 6045
1000
10513 2033 5530 4832 4611
HPA
10
-5
-4
-7.5 < E < 7.5
7.5 < E < 27.5
47.5 < E
27.5 < E < 47.5
31
-3
-2
-1
0
OBS-FG (C)
1
2
3
4
5
GUAN VRS80
Figure 5
Temperature vertical statistics of the GUAN VRS80 sondes as a function of the solar elevation
In summary the assessment of the temperature quality data for the GUAN stations is as
follows




MEISEI and VAISALA sondes show good quality data
VIZ shows larger random deviation values than the previous two in the
Stratosphere
MRZ shows a strong seasonal trend in the Stratosphere
SHANG shows the seasonal trend also and a strong random deviation above the
Tropopause
CBS/OPAG-IOS/EMCGG-2/Doc. 4.4, p. 7
COMBINED SONDES
MEAN OBS-FG TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCES V SOLAR ELEVATION
JAN - DEC 2004
0
E< -7.5
5
0
1
1
10
2416 1197 1055
838
680
20
3337 2101 2082 1145
773
30
3598 2205 2211 1410
787
50
3780 2247 2309 1522
799
70
4345 2490 2574 1787
892
100
4244 2465 2534 1834
835
150
4419 2511 2642 1873
858
200
4452 2535 2672 1886
859
250
4474 2552 2709 1890
866
300
4498 2549 2735 1892
867
400
4551 2560 2738 1901
899
500
4567 2564 2734 1912
898
700
4564 2575 2760 1909
898
850
4581 2578 2768 1909
902
925
4299 2085 2532 1817
901
1000
3124 1490 1864 1437
880
HPA
9
3
-5
-4
-3
-7.5 < E < 7.5
-2
7.5 < E < 27.5
-1
0
47.5 < E
27.5 < E < 47.5
1
OBS-FG (C)
2
3
4
5
GUAN VIZ
Figure 6
Same as figure 5 but for GUAN VIZ sondes
COMBINED SONDES
MEAN OBS-FG TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCES V SOLAR ELEVATION
JAN - DEC 2004
HPA
0
E< -7.5
5
0
0
0
0
0
10
233
332
275
234
33
20
1163
896
950
527
73
30
1788 1192 1185
610
85
50
2241 1413 1337
718
108
70
2385 1479 1405
771
126
100
2464 1498 1440
793
138
150
2535 1513 1464
816
149
200
2557 1525 1480
816
156
250
2579 1533 1486
833
165
300
2618 1542 1502
837
178
400
2637 1558 1513
847
180
500
2650 1565 1520
851
182
700
2658 1574 1530
857
179
850
2666 1584 1538
858
182
925
2668 1557 1533
854
181
1239
332
51
1000
-5
667
639
-4
-3
-7.5 < E < 7.5
-2
7.5 < E < 27.5
-1
0
OBS-FG (C)
47.5 < E
27.5 < E < 47.5
1
2
3
GUAN MRZ
Figure 7
Same as figure 5 but for GUAN MRZ sondes
4
5
CBS/OPAG-IOS/EMCGG-2/Doc. 4.4, p. 8
The assessment of the quality of the humidity data has been carried out computing vertical
statistics and using the same group of stations as in the case of the temperature.
The VRS80 sondes show the well known negative humidity bias below 700 hPa. This
negative bias is reduced in the VRS90-92 group and actually the bias is gone for relative humidity
values above 50% (see figure 8)
On the other hand MEISEI sondes show a reversed signal at low levels that’s to say a
humidity positive bias.
MRZ and SHANG sondes show a seasonal trend in the statistics displaying in general
positive humidity biases (see figure 9).
TEMP
1 - 31 JAN 2005
700-1030hPa
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
TEMP
1 - 31 JAN 2005
700-1030hPa
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
100
90
90
80
1-3
80
1-2
70
3-6
70
2-4
60
6 - 11
60
4-7
50
11 - 20
50
7 - 12
40
20 - 36
40
12 - 20
30
36 - 66
20
66 - 121
10
OBS (%)
OBS (%)
100
30
20 - 33
20
33 - 54
10
0
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
FG (%)
FG (%)
NO. OF OBS: 37117 BIAS: -2.5 STD: 17.4
NO. OF USED OBS: 31514 ( 85 %)
NO. OF OBS: 9652 BIAS: -.3 STD: 17.1
NO. OF USED OBS: 8441 ( 87 %)
GUAN VRS80
100
GUAN VRS90-92
Figure 8
Relative humidity density plots sfc-700 hPa. January 2005 VRS80 (left) and VRS90-92 (right)
CBS/OPAG-IOS/EMCGG-2/Doc. 4.4, p. 9
TEMP
1 - 31 JAN 2005
700-1030hPa
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
TEMP
1 - 31 JAN 2005
700-1030hPa
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
100
100
90
90
80
1-2
80
70
2-4
70
60
4-7
60
50
7 - 12
40
12 - 20
1-2
2-3
OBS (%)
OBS (%)
3-4
4-7
50
7 - 11
40
11 - 16
30
20 - 33
30
16 - 24
20
33 - 54
10
20
24 - 36
10
0
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
FG (%)
FG (%)
NO. OF OBS: 5584 BIAS: 3.3 STD: 14.8
NO. OF USED OBS: 4786 ( 86 %)
NO. OF OBS: 1282 BIAS: 1.3 STD: 13.3
NO. OF USED OBS: 825 ( 64 %)
GUAN MRZ
100
GUAN SHANG
Figure 9
Relative humidity density plots sfc-700 hPa. January 2005 MRZ (left) and SHANG (right)
The evaluation of the wind statistics has been done considering groups of stations using
LORAN, GPS and Radar. Vertical profiles for LORAN and GPS can be seen in figure 10. I will
give more details in my presentation.
3. Conclusions





The rates of reception at ECMWF from the GUAN stations show a positive trend which is
more evident at Stratospheric levels (e.g. 50 hPa).
The network recovered nicely after the OMEGA wind finding system cessation in 1998.
The quality of the temperature data is poorer in Asia. This fact is linked to the MRZ and
SHANG radiosondes.
VRS80 radiosondes show humidity negative biases below 700 hPa which is much reduced
in VRS90-92 sondes. MEISEI sondes show a positive bias instead and MRZ and SHANG
sondes a clear seasonal signal.
The performance of LORAN and GPS wind finding systems don’t show striking differences
about their performance.
13331
14477
14611
14521
14197
13462
12677
10370
8596
7725
3464
100
150
200
250
300
400
500
700
850
925
1000
14417/ 2687
14141/ 2722
13498/ 2707
500
700
850
8
14385/ 2680
400
6
14307/ 2661
300
4
14233/ 2644
250
2
14339/ 2292
200
0
14136/ 2203
150
STD (SPEED)
10082/
10
14011/ 1973
100
1000
12249/ 2171
70
12
9
11708/ 2095
50
13807/
10034/ 1797
30
925
4471/ 505
7698/ 1184
0
20
5
10
0/
143/
0
0
2
4
6
BIAS (SPEED)
-6 -4 -2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
9788
70
0
9027
50
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
8208
30
BIAS (DIRN)
6694
20
STD (DIRN)
3907
10
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
121
5
0 60 120 180 240 300 360
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
0
0
0 20 4060 80100120140160180
00 UTC GPS (--)
1000
925
850
700
500
400
300
250
200
150
100
70
50
30
20
10
5
0
1000
925
850
700
500
400
300
250
200
150
100
70
50
30
20
10
5
0
2
4
6
8
1
0
12266/
10
16935/
12
6
15624/ 2596
15989/ 2572
16079/ 2510
16010/ 2472
15857/ 2387
15720/ 2319
15656/ 2133
15345/ 2084
15215/ 1953
13784/ 1685
13252/ 1606
11308/ 1383
7839/ 822
STD (SPEED)
0
54/
0/
4118
9499
10068
11340
13733
14582
15376
15697
15829
15545
14045
10780
10044
8747
6605
2775
46
0
3182/ 460
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
STD (DIRN)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
0 20 40 60 80100120140160180
12 UTC GPS (--)
Sondes AREA AVERAGE
JAN - DEC 2004
0
2
4
6
BIAS (SPEED)
-6 -4 -2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
BIAS (DIRN)
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
0 60 120 180 240 300 360
4289/ 185
4293/ 184
4271/ 184
4255/ 184
300
400
500
700
850
8
4263/ 186
250
6
4264/ 183
200
4
4256/ 185
150
2
4256/ 191
100
0
4194/ 313
70
1000
STD (SPEED)
2711/
10
15
9
4228/ 180
50
4438/
4140/ 178
30
925
3763/ 170
20
10
1901/
3113/ 143
10
0
0
0
2
4
6
BIAS (SPEED)
-6 -4 -2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
0/
51/
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
5
BIAS (DIRN)
STD (DIRN)
0
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
1164
1000
0 60 120 180 240 300 360
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
3106
3127
3571
3978
4073
4116
4149
4159
4069
3835
3133
2673
2659
2433
1507
40
0
925
850
700
500
400
300
250
200
150
100
70
50
30
20
10
5
0
0 20 4060 80100120140160180
00 UTC LORAN (--)
1000
925
850
700
500
400
300
250
200
150
100
70
50
30
20
10
5
0
1000
925
850
700
500
400
300
250
200
150
100
70
50
30
20
10
5
0
2
4
6
8
0/
15
0
0
1169
3131
3201
3611
3978
4097
4192
4192
4179
4087
3860
3086
2684
2776
2731
2717/
10
4506/
16
3
4334/ 170
4348/ 167
4337/ 168
4338/ 170
4312/ 172
4304/ 171
4299/ 172
4290/ 174
4249/ 283
4232/ 160
4155/ 155
3893/ 151
3357/ 138
STD (SPEED)
0
145
0
2006
158/
2343/
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
STD (DIRN)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
0 20 40 60 80100120140160180
0
2
4
6
BIAS (SPEED)
-6 -4 -2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
BIAS (DIRN)
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
0 60 120 180 240 300 360
12 UTC LORAN (--)
Sondes AREA AVERAGE
JAN - DEC 2004
CBS/OPAG-IOS/EMCGG-2/Doc. 4.4, p. 10
Figure 10
Vertical statistics wind direction and speed. January to December 2004: LORAN and GPS wind finding
systems
CBS/OPAG-IOS/EMCGG-2/Doc. 4.4, p. 11
Appendix A
Percentage of reception of GUAN stations at ECMWF, 100 hPa, January 1998 to December 2004
ID
LAT
LON
NAME
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
01001
02836
03005
03808
03953
04018
04270
08495
08508
10393
70
67
60
50
51
63
61
36
38
52
56N
22N
08N
13N
56N
58N
09N
09N
44N
13N
008
026
001
005
010
022
045
005
027
014
40W
39E
11W
19W
15W
36W
26W
21W
04W
07E
JAN MAYEN
SODANKYLA
LERWICK
CAMBORNE
VALENTIA OBSERVATORY
KEFLAVIKURFLUGVOLLUR
NARSARSUAQ
GIBRALTAR
LAJES/SANTA RITA (ACORES)
LINDENBERG
94
98
97
99
95
96
95
97
54
98
90
98
99
98
94
97
92
96
55
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
97
98
99
100
99
97
94
98
94
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
68
100
96
98
98
98
97
95
91
88
60
98
98
100
99
100
98
98
96
95
60
98
11035
16245
17130
20674
22550
23472
23921
24266
27459
28698
48
41
39
73
64
65
60
67
56
54
15N
39N
57N
30N
33N
47N
41N
34N
16N
56N
016
012
032
080
040
087
060
133
044
073
22E
26E
53E
24E
35E
56E
27E
24E
00E
24E
WIEN/HOHE WARTE
PRATICA DI MARE
ANKARA/CENTRAL
OSTROV DIKSON
ARHANGEL'SK
TURUHANSK
IVDEL'
VERHOJANSK
NIZNIJ NOVGOROD
OMSK
99
92
94
22
81
50
32
50
60
71
100
87
95
27
39
33
0
29
42
58
100
100
100
35
71
65
10
59
92
68
100
92
94
26
90
77
41
80
88
82
100
97
100
33
97
78
40
78
93
97
98
86
96
32
76
68
43
76
76
82
100
88
99
29
90
90
45
38
91
93
29862
30230
31088
32540
33345
35121
37789
40745
41112
41217
53
57
59
53
50
51
40
36
18
24
46N
46N
22N
05N
24N
41N
08N
16N
14N
26N
091
108
143
158
030
055
044
059
042
054
19E
04E
12E
35E
34E
06E
28E
38E
39E
39E
HAKASSKAJA
KIRENSK
OHOTSK
PETROPAVLOVSK-KAMCHATSKIJ
KYIV
ORENBURG
YEREVAN/YEREVAN-ARABKIR
MASHHAD
ABHA
ABU DHABI INTER. AIRPORT
48
56
17
89
66
44
0
15
0
75
19
30
0
55
82
33
1
20
31
79
34
63
11
68
89
2
49
40
47
100
44
87
28
76
87
44
42
33
83
86
47
93
31
81
91
51
15
45
57
95
46
69
24
80
91
45
28
43
64
81
48
82
18
83
91
49
36
46
76
91
43599
45004
47138
47412
47646
47827
47936
47971
47991
48455
00
22
36
43
36
31
26
27
24
13
41S
31N
02N
03N
03N
33N
12N
05N
18N
40N
073 09E
11417E
129 23E
141 20E
140 08E
130 33E
127 41E
142 11E
153 58E
100 37E
GAN
KING'S PARK
POHANG
SAPPORO
TATENO
KAGOSHIMA
NAHA
CHICHIJIMA
MINAMITORISHIMA
BANGKOK
0
98
99
99
98
99
99
98
98
50
0
99
98
100
99
100
99
99
99
45
0
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
46
0
100
99
100
100
100
100
100
98
47
0
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
48
0
99
96
97
97
97
97
97
97
39
12
99
98
100
99
99
100
100
99
42
48698
50527
51709
52681
53068
55299
56778
57461
60018
60680
01
49
39
38
43
31
25
30
28
22
22N
13N
28N
38N
39N
29N
01N
42N
19N
48N
103
119
075
103
112
092
102
111
016
005
59E
45E
59E
05E
00E
04E
41E
18E
23W
26E
SINGAPORE/CHANGI AIRPORT
HAILAR
KASHI
MINQIN
ERENHOT
NAGQU
KUNMING
YICHANG
TENERIFE-GUIMAR
TAMANRASSET
95
97
94
98
92
66
90
87
0
84
99
96
97
98
94
68
93
93
0
31
100
98
86
89
95
84
100
92
0
100
97
98
94
97
96
82
92
87
0
84
100
100
100
100
90
90
99
98
18
99
98
97
98
96
96
88
91
94
94
87
100
97
97
98
98
89
91
95
90
92
61052
61641
61901
61902
61976
61995
61996
61998
62414
63450
13
14
15
07
15
20
37
49
23
09
29N
44N
56S
58S
53S
30S
48S
21S
58N
02N
002
017
005
014
054
057
077
070
032
038
10E
30W
40W
24W
31E
50E
32E
15E
47E
45E
NIAMEY-AERO
DAKAR/YOFF
ST. HELENA IS.
WIDE AWAKE FIELD (ASCENSION IS
SERGE-FROLOW (ILE TROMELIN)
VACOAS (MAURITIUS)
MARTIN DE VIVIES (ILE AMSTERDA
PORT-AUX-FRANCAIS (ILES KERGUE
ASSWAN
ADDIS ABABA-BOLE
94
93
32
24
40
30
46
42
33
13
94
89
31
26
45
20
46
45
67
37
100
99
53
37
48
10
63
63
78
1
89
83
24
16
43
6
39
38
76
0
92
91
36
2
47
11
38
32
69
7
85
86
33
21
46
21
43
44
64
5
90
85
33
25
46
25
45
41
66
3
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
ID
LAT
LON
NAME
CBS/OPAG-IOS/EMCGG-2/Doc. 4.4, p. 12
63741
63894
63985
64910
65578
67197
67774
68110
68588
68816
01
06
04
04
05
25
17
22
29
33
18S
52S
55S
01N
15N
02S
50S
34S
58S
58S
036
039
054
009
003
046
031
017
030
018
45E
12E
31E
42E
56W
57E
01E
06E
57E
36E
NAIROBI/DAGORETTI
DAR ES SALAAM AIRPORT
SEYCHELLES INTER. AIRPORT (RAW
DOUALA R.S.
ABIDJAN
FORT-DAUPHIN
HARARE (BELVEDERE)
WINDHOEK
DURBAN INTNL. AIRPORT
CAPE TOWN INTNL. AIRPORT
68906
68994
70026
70308
70398
71082
71816
71836
71925
71934
40
46
71
57
55
82
53
51
69
60
21S
53S
17N
09N
02N
30N
18N
16N
08N
02N
009
037
156
170
131
062
060
080
105
111
53W
52E
47W
13W
34W
20W
22W
39W
04W
56W
GOUGH ISLAND
MARION ISLAND
BARROW/W. POST W. ROGERS
"ST. PAUL ISLANDS, AK"
"ANNETTE ISLAND, AK"
"ALERT UA, NU"
"GOOSE BAY, NFLD"
"MOOSONEE, ONT"
"CAMBRIDGE BAY UA, NWT"
"FORT SMITH UA, NWT"
72201
72250
72293
72451
72520
72597
72776
76654
78016
78397
24
25
32
37
40
42
47
19
32
17
33N
55N
50N
45N
31N
23N
27N
03N
22N
56N
081
097
117
099
080
122
111
104
064
076
45W
25W
07W
58W
13W
53W
23W
19W
41W
47W
78526
78583
78762
78954
78988
80222
81405
82193
82332
82397
18
17
09
13
12
04
04
01
03
03
25N
32N
59N
04N
12N
42N
50N
23S
09S
46S
065
088
084
059
068
074
052
048
059
038
83378
83779
84008
84628
85442
85469
85586
85799
85934
87155
15
23
00
12
23
27
33
41
53
27
52S
31S
54S
00S
26S
10S
39S
26S
00S
27S
87576
87860
88889
89002
89009
89022
89055
89512
89532
89564
34
45
51
70
90
75
64
70
69
67
49S
47S
49S
40S
00S
30S
14S
46S
00S
36S
ID
LAT
63
0
58
27
88
27
0
62
89
96
53
0
92
55
58
19
12
56
57
96
14
0
100
60
100
53
0
96
58
96
72
0
76
56
18
16
0
5
46
75
49
0
75
38
0
42
4
0
50
74
48
0
79
45
0
12
0
0
56
78
47
3
68
48
0
56
0
0
86
86
96
66
96
61
90
98
99
90
100
97
95
69
92
93
84
97
99
92
99
96
85
98
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
61
84
93
93
93
98
100
98
98
95
85
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
87
58
93
91
95
98
96
96
97
98
88
67
97
85
93
99
99
98
98
99
"KEY WEST/INT., FL"
"BROWNSVILLE/INT., TX"
"SAN DIEGO/MIRAMAR, NAS, CA."
"DODGE CITY/MUN., KS."
"PITTSBURGH/MOON TOWNSHIP, PA.
"MEDFORD/MEDFORD-JACKSON COUNT
"GREAT FALLS, MT."
"MANZANILLO, COL."
BERMUDA NAVAL AIR STATION KIND
KINGSTON/NORMAN MANLEY
91
89
93
87
89
94
91
45
68
30
91
92
96
91
92
96
95
40
70
30
100
100
100
100
95
100
100
50
100
45
95
98
97
96
94
98
98
39
69
50
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
43
87
52
96
97
94
96
96
98
96
33
93
22
94
98
99
97
93
98
98
31
94
28
59W
18W
13W
29W
58W
09W
22W
29W
59W
36W
"SAN JUAN/INT., PUERTO RICO"
BELIZE/PHILLIP GOLDSTON INTL.
JUAN SANTAMARIA INT. AIRPORT
GRANTLEY ADAMS
"HATO AIRPORT, CURACAO"
BOGOTA/ELDORADO
ROCHAMBEAU
BELEM (AEROPORTO)
MANAUS (AEROPORTO)
FORTALEZA
92
34
27
41
47
22
94
14
19
16
95
45
21
42
31
37
96
72
76
10
100
62
32
54
45
58
100
89
61
79
97
30
25
58
37
35
88
76
70
34
100
53
0
60
44
43
100
59
57
43
96
50
18
47
33
37
95
57
79
41
97
43
37
50
41
14
93
75
32
40
047
046
089
077
070
109
071
073
070
059
56W
38W
37W
07W
27W
26W
37W
06W
51W
03W
BRASILIA (AEROPORTO)
MARTE CIV/MIL
SAN CRISTOBAL (GALAPAGOS)
LIMA-CALLAO/AEROP. INTERNACION
ANTOFAGASTA
ISLA DE PASCUA
SANTO DOMINGO
PUERTO MONTT
PUNTA ARENAS
RESISTENCIA AERO
29
0
0
21
47
26
0
82
51
41
40
0
1
4
44
44
33
68
45
47
72
0
1
40
69
62
100
54
60
69
74
0
0
7
46
42
89
46
47
42
41
0
3
13
50
47
99
53
49
0
85
50
2
14
46
42
75
42
45
11
81
93
0
17
42
34
79
44
44
34
058
067
058
008
000
026
056
011
039
062
32W
30W
27W
15W
00W
39W
43W
50E
35E
52E
EZEIZA AERO
COMODORO RIVADAVIA AERO
MOUNT PLEASANT AIRPORT
NEUMAYER
AMUNDSEN-SCOTT
HALLEY
BASE MARAMBIO (CENTRO MET. ANT
NOVOLAZAREVSKAJA
SYOWA
MAWSON
76
36
92
49
19
30
13
48
95
86
68
48
88
44
47
35
21
48
95
94
100
68
100
52
46
59
15
57
100
100
69
38
95
42
44
45
21
53
91
95
52
0
100
50
61
47
4
52
100
100
46
0
96
54
48
45
17
52
94
91
49
35
94
46
52
41
6
56
89
88
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
LON
NAME
CBS/OPAG-IOS/EMCGG-2/Doc. 4.4, p. 13
89571
89592
89611
89642
89664
91212
91285
91334
91376
91408
68
66
66
66
77
13
19
07
07
07
35S
33S
17S
40S
51S
28N
43N
27N
05N
20N
077
093
110
140
166
144
155
151
171
134
58E
01E
32E
01E
40E
47E
03W
50E
23E
29E
DAVIS
MIRNYJ
CASEY
DUMONT D'URVILLE
MCMURDO
"NWSO AGANA, GUAM, MARIANA IS.
"HILO/GEN. LYMAN, HAWAII, HAWA
"CHUUK, ECI"
MAJURO/MARSHALL IS. INTNL.
"KOROR, PALAU WCI."
91
60
94
47
25
0
95
79
78
77
93
66
89
45
31
0
97
88
76
93
96
66
100
53
52
0
100
100
98
100
98
48
91
46
54
0
96
96
92
94
100
57
98
50
65
0
100
100
100
100
96
52
92
46
60
0
95
91
94
97
77
53
69
45
53
24
97
94
97
95
91517
91557
91592
91610
91643
91765
91801
91925
91938
91958
09
17
22
01
08
14
09
09
17
27
25S
42S
16S
21N
31S
20S
00S
48S
33S
37S
159
168
166
172
179
170
158
139
149
144
58E
18E
27E
55E
13E
43W
03W
02W
37W
20W
HONIARA
BAUERFIELD (EFATE)
NOUMEA (NLLE-CALEDONIE)
TARAWA
FUNAFUTI
PAGO PAGO/INT.AIRP.
PENRHYN
ATUONA
TAHITI-FAAA
RAPA
0
8
99
33
38
79
0
48
52
40
13
0
98
35
42
78
0
46
57
38
0
0
100
53
62
100
0
52
100
58
0
0
99
26
30
89
0
50
96
70
0
0
100
17
46
100
0
100
100
75
0
0
96
35
30
92
0
94
96
51
0
0
91
34
40
98
7
95
96
40
92035
93417
93844
93986
93997
94120
94203
94294
94302
94461
09
40
46
43
29
12
17
19
22
25
23S
54S
25S
57S
15S
25S
57S
15S
14S
02S
147
174
168
176
177
130
122
146
114
128
13E
59E
19E
34W
55W
53E
14E
46E
05E
17E
PORT MORESBY W.O.
PARAPARAUMU AERODROME
INVERCARGILL AERODROME
CHATHAM ISLAND
"RAOUL ISLAND, KERMADEC IS."
DARWIN AIRPORT
BROOME AIRPORT
TOWNSVILLE AERO
LEARMONTH AIRPORT
GILES METEOROLOGICAL OFFICE
0
95
91
47
46
91
61
47
94
48
2
97
94
45
45
97
61
48
91
50
44
100
100
66
75
100
99
100
100
100
11
98
94
47
44
97
62
48
94
50
2
100
100
43
38
100
68
52
100
54
0
98
94
34
34
95
62
48
95
48
1
98
96
33
32
97
64
50
94
49
94510
94610
94659
94975
94995
94996
94998
96315
96935
96996
26
31
31
42
31
29
54
04
07
12
25S
56S
09S
50S
32S
02S
30S
56N
22S
11S
146
115
136
147
159
167
158
114
112
096
16E
58E
49E
30E
04E
56E
57E
56E
46E
50E
CHARLEVILLE AERO
PERTH AIRPORT
WOOMERA AERODROME
HOBART AIRPORT
LORD HOWE ISLAND AERO
NORFOLK ISLAND AERO
MACQUARIE ISLAND
BRUNEI AIRPORT
SURABAYA/JUANDA
COCOS ISLAND AERO
62
92
48
95
46
48
95
87
46
84
57
97
54
95
52
48
91
86
26
83
100
100
100
100
100
70
100
100
7
100
96
98
98
95
62
49
93
81
9
94
100
100
100
100
66
48
94
98
15
99
95
97
96
96
60
48
93
78
14
88
94
99
95
99
62
47
97
87
19
88
98223
18 11N
LAOAG
47
36
0
7
34
8
21
120 32E