Expenditure Weights for PPP Aggregations
Prepared by
Barbro Hexeberg, Chandrakant Patel and Thilak Ranaweera
1. Background
Lack of sufficiently detailed expenditure weights of good quality is one major problem in
the estimation of purchasing power parities (PPP) under the International Comparison
Programme (ICP). So far, most work relating to ICP have been on the development of
aggregation methods and the collection of prices, as the expenditure weights in principle
should be readily available from the national accounts (NA). However, for many
countries expenditures on gross domestic product (GDP) are simply not available at a
sufficiently detailed level, if available at all. Thus, the aim of this paper is to look into
alternative sources/methods for the derivation of expenditure weights, as the quality of
the aggregated PPP will depend on the quality of the weights as well as on the quality of
the price data and the aggregation methods applied. The paper describes past practice
when expenditure data were not submitted by the countries, discusses problems and
suggests solutions, and illustrates these problems and solutions by portraying six
countries.
For the ICP, GDP is compared across countries by expenditure category breakdown, that
is actual consumption by households (consumption expenditures by households and nonprofit institutions serving households, plus individual consumption expenditures by
government), collective consumption by government, gross fixed capital formation,
changes in inventories, acquisitions less disposals of valuables, and net exports.
NA expenditures need to be reported at the level of 150 to 250 basic headings or
expenditure categories (the number of required basic headings varies between regions), as
the weights are used to combine basic heading parities in order to arrive at PPPs for
aggregated measures such as GDP.
Table 1
GDP
Level of
required
details
Expenditure breakdown as required for the ICP1
Consumption
exp. by
households
(incl. NPISH)
Breakdown by
purpose /
product-groups
(CPC or
similar)
117 or more
‘basic
headings’
Consumption
exp. by
government
Breakdown by
purpose
(COFOG) – to
separate
individual and
collective
consumption.
In addition,
collective
consumption
should be
broken down
by cost:
Compensation
of employees;
Intermediate
consumption;
and
Consumption
of fixed capital
Gross
fixed
capital
formation
Breakdown
by type of
asset
15-20
‘basic
headings’
Changes in
inventories
Acquisitions
of valuables,
net
Net
exports
No
breakdown
required
No
breakdown
required
(Not included
in the 1968
SNA nor the
list of
expenditures
needed for
ICP)
No
breakdown
required
Out of the 190 (+/-) countries reporting NA statistics to the United Nations (UN),
approximately 1302 countries report GDP by expenditure, while only 40+ (of which 22
are OECD countries) private final consumption expenditure by purpose (COICOP).
Furthermore, the detailed breakdown in the UN database refers to two digit COICOP
level (12 purposes), while the required reporting level for the ICP (basic heading level) is
four digit level (app. 120 purposes) supplemented with even more detailed productinformation for certain groups.3 Therefore, national statistical offices will only be able to
extract this information directly from their NA if detailed supply-use tables are part of
their national accounts. Much of the same story holds for government consumption
expenditures. While government expenditures by purpose (COFOG) is needed at a two
digit COFOG level, no more than 35 countries (of which 10 are OECD countries) provide
a breakdown by one digit COFOG.
International guidelines for compiling national accounts are designed to yield
internationally comparable measures by including production and of all goods and
services (with a few exceptions) whether or not they are produced for the market, for own
use, or provided to others free of charge. In particular, informal, illegal and subsistence
1
For a complete list of expenditure data required, see Annex I.
The number of countries reporting GDP by expenditure differ slightly from year to year, 130 refers to the
year 1995.
3
E.g., ‘Bread and Cereals’ should be separated into ‘Rice’; ‘Flour and other cereals’; ‘Bread’; ‘Other
bakery products’; ‘Pasta products’; and ‘Other cereal products’.
2
2
should all be included. In practice, however, international comparability is hampered by
the use of different international standards (1968SNA versus 1993SNA) and by
differences in compilation practices, in coverage and in quality of the estimates. The
latter is the most severe problem, an may result in systematic biases in the estimates; it is
generally thought that GDP in developing countries is underestimated compared to that of
developing countries. Nevertheless, official GDP will need to be the starting point for the
ICP.
2. Past Practice in the Absence of National Accounts Data
As a number of countries in the past have been unable to submit the required information,
guesstimates of expenditures at basic headings level as well as aggregates have been
made by World Bank staff for a number of countries.4
The estimation method started with the expenditure data available in the NA of a given
country. When data were available on the broad expenditure categories of GDP, these
data were used as control totals, to be distributed over their respective more detailed
categories.
In those cases where no expenditure data on GDP were submitted, the first option was to
consult national statistical offices, and statistical publications of other international
organizations for actual data, however, if no data were available, the option used was to
apply the percentage distribution of a comparable country that participated in the ICP
phase.
The detailed components of the control totals were then obtained by first examining
national and international statistical sources for actual data, such as household
expenditure surveys, or if the data from the household survey was not published, use the
CPI weights (based on household expenditure surveys) which could either be taken
directly from the national statistical offices or from the International Labour
Organizations database. In those cases where no data were available, guesstimates would
be based on the expenditure structure of a comparable ICP country.
3. ICP Requirements, Statistical Sources, and Recommended Practice
3.1. Consumption
The consumption concept utilized in the ICP is actual consumption, rather than final
consumption expenditures which is the more commonly used concept of consumption.
Actual consumption by households is defined as households final consumption
expenditure plus social transfers in kind from government and non profit institutions
serving households (NPISH). Examples of transfers in kind are health services and free
(or sponsored) admission to cultural events. It follows that actual consumption by
government (also called collective consumption) is defined as final consumption
4
Purchasing Power of Currencies, Comparing National Incomes Using ICP Data, Extracts, Technical Note
and Sample Table (World Bank 1993).
3
expenditure less individual consumption (social transfers in kind). Per definition, no
actual consumption is taking place in NPISH, as all their final consumption expenditures
are on individual goods and services.
3.1.1. Requirements
The ICP not only requires a detailed breakdown of households final consumption
expenditures, but for the estimation of actual consumption by household an estimate of
individual consumption by government is needed. This requires that government final
consumption expenditures are classified by purpose, following the Classification of the
Functions of Government (COFOG) on a two digit level.5 For collective as well as
individual consumption expenditure by government, breakdown by cost is required.
The list of required details can be found in Annex I.
3.1.2. Statistical sources
(i) Households final consumption expenditure
The estimate of households final consumption expenditure could be either independently
estimated, or be the residual in the equation with GDP given from the production side. In
those cases where household consumption expenditures are compiled directly, one of the
three methods/sources, or a combination is usually applied: (i) household expenditure
surveys; (ii) data on retail trade sales or turnover; and/or (iii) commodity flow approach.
Household expenditure surveys are more commonly used in developing countries, while
developed countries tend to rely more on retail trade statistics among other sources and
commodity flow techniques. This difference in approach can in part be explained by the
importance own produced goods play in the consumption estimates in developing
countries, for which (household) surveys are the source. Furthermore, the statistical
infrastructure might not be in place to produce retail trade statistics of good quality.
Some other frequently used sources are VAT records, statistics on sales of alcohol and
tobacco, energy statistics, special housing/rent surveys, government accounts (for fees
paid etc), surveys of private health services, records on new registration of motor
vehicles, and transport statistics.
(ii) Government consumption
The sources for government consumption expenditure are the different government units’
accounts, sometimes presented in the shape of the Government Finance Statistics (GFS)
tables. The degree of detail made available to the statistical office will differ considerably
between countries, and there is a fact that the availability of accounts for local
government units can be scarce/uncurrent.
5
See annex III for a list of COFOG divisions/groups that benefit individual households as distinctive to
those groups that benefit the society as such.
4
For more detailed data, which might be needed in particular areas such as for
intermediate consumption in the production of health services, administrative records
from the Ministry of Health is a potential source, or if the country primarily imports
medical equipment and medicines, import statistics/trade data would be another potential
one. Likewise, for a breakdown of compensation of employees by level of education
services provided, administrative records from the Ministry of Education will most likely
include this information.
3.1.3. Recommended practice
The optimal way of deriving expenditure weights for the ICP is to extract the weights
from the national accounts, as this will ensure consistency when the PPP data are used to
convert national accounts aggregates. As this will not be an alternative for many
countries, details from other sources more readily available, such as household surveys,
should be utilized.6
(i) Weights for Households Final Consumption Expenditures
As reporting on basic heading level requires even a higher degree of details than fourdigit COICOP7 provides, integrated supply-use framework on a relatively detailed level is
necessary if all components are to be extracted from the SNA. Even if detailed supplyuse tables are available, there will not always be full match between purposes/products
reported in the use tables and basic headings needed for the ICP weights, thus, there
might be a need to go back to the sources used for the national accounts compilation.
A more common situation will be that the NA includes an aggregated estimate or an
aggregated breakdown by purpose of household consumption. In this situation, the NA
data will need to be supplemented with detailed information from the household survey
and/or other suitable sources available.
An exact link between the household survey result and the NA consumption expenditure
groups might not exist. Therefore, while estimating weights at the more detailed level
based on the household survey, NA estimate(s) should be used as constraint(s). A simple
example is given below.
If no breakdown of GDP by expenditure categories is available, total household
consumption expenditure as well as the detailed weights should be based on the
household expenditure survey (supplemented with additional sources available).
6
The availability of household budget surveys (or similar). A quick check of nine low and middle income
countries (chosen without following any statistical laws for random sampling) revealed that despite the
limited existence of detailed expenditure data in SNA (two of the nine reported household expenditures by
COICOP to the United Nations), all countries had carried out a household survey.
7
Consumption expenditures of households can be reported according to purpose (COICOP) on three
different levels of detail: a) by division (two digits level), which requires a breakdown into 12 expenditure
purposes, b) by group (three digits level), which requires a breakdown into 47 purposes, or c) by class (four
digits level), which requires a breakdown into 117 purposes. Some countries develop their own
classifications which are compatible with the international standard at a higher level of aggregation.
COICOP classifications are listed in Annex II.
5
There are limitations to the direct use of household survey data for the estimation of
expenditure weights. The coverage of the household survey data (even with nationwide
coverage) is usually somewhat more limited than the coverage of household consumption
expenditure in the NA. This is due to the fact that most household surveys do not cover
any consumption by institutional households, e.g., orphanages and prisons. Furthermore,
survey data often underestimate household spending on alcohol, tobacco and the like, as
most people deliberately forget to report any (or the true) spending on such items.
Table 2
Derivation of ICP weights based on aggregated expenditure data from the
NA supplemented with details from the household expenditure survey.
Data from the system of national accounts
GDP
Household consumption expenditure
01 Food and non-alcoholic beverages
02 Alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics
03 Clothing and footwear
….
Current price
559149
Implicit weights
1.000
278346
50190
10470
21210
0.498
0.090
0.019
0.038
Data from the household expenditure survey
…
03
Clothing and footwear
Clothing
Men's clothing
Ladies' clothing
Children's and infants' clothing
Clothing materials and accessories
Repair and maintenance of clothing
…
Amounts
…
19940
13150
3500
3900
4700
900
150
…
Derivation of basic heading weights
…
03
…
Clothing and footwear
Clothing
Men's clothing
Ladies' clothing
Children's and infants' clothing
ICP weights
…
0.038
=(3500/19940)*(21210/559149)
=(3900/19940)*(21210/559149)
=(4700/19940)*(21210/559149)
0.007
0.007
0.009
…
On the other hand, household surveys are better suited to include own account
consumption, as information on this is missing from other statistical sources frequently
6
used to estimate household consumption expenditure in the SNA, such as retail trade or
turnover data.
Other common problems with survey data might be linked to sampling design –
stratification and selection of units, and to grossing up survey results. Therefore, surveys
might not always be representative. Nevertheless, for the derivation of weights on the
most detailed level of the ICP – basic heading level, this should not pose a significant
problem. It could, however, in some cases be more of a problem when aggregated data
from the household survey are needed. Thus, coverage adjustments to survey data should
be done both on the overall level and on details, where other sources are deemed more
reliable.
Recent household surveys are not always available. Because the weights in an old
household survey can be non-representative due to relative price changes, the results of
the most recent survey should be extrapolated with the move in component indices in the
consumer price index (CPI). The weights based on the price adjusted survey results will
of course not reflect changes in demand due to relative price changes or changes in taste
etc. Hence, it will not represent an ideal source of data, and the need to use additional
source statistics is even greater. This will be particularly important for goods and services
where demand is price- and income sensitive such as restaurant visits, wine, furniture,
services of hair dressers and beauty shops, and photographic equipment. 8
Albeit the above, household survey data should be considered a good source for the
derivation of weights when detailed expenditure data for the households are lacking in
the NA.
(ii) Weights for individual and collective consumption expenditures by government
For many countries, their NA data lack the details required to distinguish between
individual and collective consumption expenditures by government, as they do not
classify government expenditures by COFOG at such a detailed level (70 functions).
However, a number of countries use a more aggregated version with a breakdown on 12
divisions, thus, previous practice has been to allocate COFOG divisions 07 Health and 09
Education to households, in order to obtain an estimate of actual consumption by
households. As most of COFOG divisions 08 Recreation, Culture and Religion and 10
Social Protection are also individual, the coverage of social transfers in kind should be
estimated as more than only COFOG divisions 07 and 09 even when detailed data is not
available.
For countries lacking this information in their NA, it is crucial to look for alternative
sources. In countries where economic and functional analyses are carried out either in the
Ministry of Finance, the Central Bank or in the CSO, most of the required details will be
available. (These tables are comparable with the tables in the GFS). A potential
restriction to the use of these tables, however, is that the coverage often are limited to
8
Change in consumption pattern due to changes in relative prices might be guesstimated with the help of
price elasticities estimated for other countries, however, such a method should be used with caution.
7
central government. Thus, where health and education services are mainly carried out by
local government units, it will be necessary to study the accounts for local government
units in order to find the total amount spent on health, education and social protection.
Furthermore, with regards to some required details on health expenditures, such as outpatient versus hospital services, reimbursements of medicines used by households versus
medicines used in hospital treatment, it might be necessary to go back to the initial
sources or supplement with administrative data from the Ministry of Health.
For collective consumption, no further breakdown by purpose (COFOG) or product is
required. However, breakdown by cost components – compensation of employees;
intermediate consumption; consumption of fixed capital; net taxes on production; and
fees (negative) – is required for individual as well as collective consumption. This
breakdown should be available, as non-market production are valued at cost. For those
countries in which an estimate of consumption of fixed capital is lacking, no adjustments
for the missing estimate of compensation of fixed capital should be done, as an
adjustment would impose an inconsistency with the underlying NA data.
3.2. Gross fixed capital formation
For the ICP, a breakdown by 15-20 types of assets is required.
If the estimate of gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) is based on supply side
information, data by type of assets should be available, on the other hand, if based on
industries’ or institutional sectors’ demand for capital goods, no breakdown by type of
assets is necessarily available. Most commonly, a wealth of different sources such as
Surveys of capital expenditures by businesses; Data on finalized and ongoing
construction projects (difficult to capture small and often informal businesses); Issuance
of government permits for building projects; Supply of building materials; Own account
construction by households (household expenditure survey); Government accounts;
Customs (import/export) data; and Motor vehicle registration records are utilized. Thus,
if an estimate of GFCF is available, some data by type of asset should be available.
Unfortunately, there are no easy solutions if no independent estimate of GFCF is included
in a country’s NA.
3.3. Changes in inventories
No breakdown required for the ICP.
3.4. Acquisition of valuables
A new category of gross capital formation introduced in the 1993 SNA. No breakdown
by type of assets should be necessary for the ICP.
8
3.5. Net exports
No breakdown required for the ICP.
4. Revised List of Basic Headings
As mentioned earlier, the breakdown of final expenditure on GDP into basic headings
provides the framework for the comparison. The basic headings are the building blocks of
the comparison, as it is at the level of the basic headings that expenditures are defined,
products are selected and PPPs first calculated.
In principle, a basic heading consists of a group of similar well defined products, for
which a sample of products can be selected that are both representative of their type and
of the purchases made in participating countries. In practice, it may be necessary for
some countries to use data from outside the national accounts to provide the detailed data
required at the basic heading level. In extreme cases, if relevant data is not available,
some detailed splits may have to be based on judgment of relevant national accounts
compilers. The implication of not having detailed weights is that the component PPPs
below the lowest level for which a weight is available are equally weighted.
As the classifications followed in the national accounts evolve, there is a need for
updating the list of basic heading to align it with the latest revision of the classifications
applied in the national accounts.
Thus, the classification of basic headings should be clearly linked to the latest versions of
the functional/purpose classifications of expenditures by households, COICOP, by
government, COFOG, and by NPISHs, COPNI.
Furthermore, for capital formation, there is a need to expand the list of basic headings in
order to incorporate items such as mineral exploration, software and valuables. These
items were not included as capital formation in the 1968 SNA, while they should be
included according to the 1993 SNA.9 Also, alternative ways to classify GFCF, either by
type of assets or by industry (ISIC), exist. The 1993 SNA (para. 10.34), suggests one
possible breakdown by type of assets. To follow this list would be one possible solution,
even though it might be preferable to include some more details, e.g., to make a
distinction between different types of machinery and equipment.
A revised list of basic headings based on the new classification structures has already
been established by OECD and Eurostat, as part of the OECD-Eurostat PPP Programme.
This list could be adopted and used in other regions of the world as well, however,
allowing for regional adjustments as needed.10 Furthermore, as this list with regards to
9
There need not be necessary to identify each of them individually, as it is likely that very few countries
will be able to provide relevant prices, and so a reference PPP will be applied to them in total.
10
The OECD/Eurostat list has a breakdown of GDP on 215 basic headings. This is somewhat more than the
150 proposed at the ICP workshop in February 2002. However, if household surveys are available, they are
likely to include the detiled information needed for the OECD/Eurostat list with regards to houshold
consumption. Thus, moving beyond the150 basic headings should not pose a particular problem.
9
gross fixed capital formation makes reference to CPA which is the European equivalent
to CPC, the list will need to be slightly amended to coincide with CPC, or another
alternative would be to use a detailed version of the list of type of assets given in 1993
SNA. Furthermore, a list of analytical categories should be created, where the categories
are aggregations/combinations of basic headings based on (i) relevance from an
economic point of view, and (ii) expected reliability of the estimates.
5. Country studies
The objectives of the country studies were to get a clearer picture of what data are
available, how this data can best be utilized for the estimation of required basic headings
for the ICP, and suggest more specific solutions to specific problems. For the purpose of
this exercise, the existing ICP classification was used as point of reference.
The selection of six countries (Kenya, Senegal, Namibia, Thailand, Indonesia and
Norway) reflects not only geographical diversity, but also differences in their choices of
methodology and data sources. Even though all the six countries compile GDP by
expenditures, Kenya and Senegal derive household consumption expenditure as a
residual. Furthermore, albeit all six countries have either ongoing periodic or recently
conducted household expenditure surveys, only Indonesia and Thailand have utilized the
results as the main source for compiling household consumption expenditure in the NA.
To estimate the same aggregate, Namibia uses the commodity flow method and Norway
uses household survey and retail trade statistics in combination with the commodity flow
method. All the six countries use COICOP to classify consumption expenditure in the
household survey and where applicable in the NA. COFOG is most commonly used to
classify government expenditure by function, and GFCF is classified by type of assets.
5.1. Kenya11
The Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) is responsible for the preparation of the national
accounts in Kenya. The accounts are estimated in accordance with the 1968 SNA. GDP is
estimated mainly through the production approach, but expenditures on GDP as well as
GDP by income category, are also published.
5.1.1. Household consumption expenditure
In the Kenyan national accounts, household consumption expenditure is obtained as a
residual, after subtracting from GDP government consumption expenditure, gross fixed
capital formation, changes in inventories and net exports. Thus, the estimate has the
potential to include a statistical discrepancy plus the consumption expenditure and the
GFCF of the NPISHs.
11
The following description is based on information from National Accounts Statistics: Main Aggregates
and Detailed Tables, 1996-97 (Part II), United Nations, New York 2000, and information gathered by an
IMF missions to Kenya, October 2001.
10
There is no breakdown of household consumption expenditure, neither by product nor
function (COICOP). Thus the weights for the ICP cannot be taken directly from their
national accounts.
However, the CBS conducted a household expenditure survey in 1993-94, which has
been processed, and is about to be published (2001). The results of the household survey
have not yet been implemented in the SNA, neither as a check on the total nor in order to
impose a structure on the household expenditures. Nevertheless, the results of the
household survey – expenditures by category on a detailed level – would be relevant as
expenditure weights for the aggregation of price relatives in the ICP.
Thus, even though the optimal way of deriving expenditure weights for the ICP is to
extract the needed data (details) from the national accounts, a set of acceptable weights
can be derived from alternative sources. In order to estimate such weights, the household
survey expenditures should be extrapolated with the CPI (using details from the CPI to
extrapolate the details from the survey), and supplemented with other relevant sources of
statistics, e.g., statistics on retail trade, imports and production. The weights should then
be derived using the household consumption figure from the NA as constraint.
The quality of the weights derived in this fashion will depend on: (i) the size of the
statistical discrepancy included in the household consumption estimate in the NA; (ii) the
quality of the survey results; (iii) how old the household survey is, and linked to that; (iv)
how price-elastic the demand is.
5.1.2. Government consumption expenditure
The estimates of the final consumption expenditure of government are derived from the
accounts of the central and local government, the East African Community, the relevant
statutory boards, and the National Security Fund.
A limited breakdown of the government’s consumption expenditure is available in the
NA: General public services; Defence; Education; Health; and Social security and
welfare, including Housing and community amenities and Recreational, cultural and
religious affaires. This limited breakdown (less than 1 digit COFOG level) is not
sufficient to divide between collective and individual consumption. For central
government, a breakdown by 14 COFOG categories is published in the GFS, however,
still this is not sufficient. Thus, some kind of approximations must be done, unless more
information can be acquired, e.g., from source statistics.
Assuming no resources are available to research for additional information, a solution
would be to assume that most of Education, Health, Social security and welfare,
including Housing and community amenities and Recreational, cultural and religious
affaires are individual services. Any approximations (deciding what proportion should be
regarded as individual) should be done by local statisticians, as they have a better
knowledge about the underlying conditions.
11
Reporting collective and individual consumption by cost components requires cross
classification – cost components x purpose. If this is not available, it might be helpful to
use information from the production side, as the production of health and education etc
by government will mainly be individual consumption, while defence, administration etc
will be collective.
5.1.3. NPISH Consumption expenditure
Kenya makes no explicit estimate for NPISH Consumption Expenditure. (It could be
included in the household estimate.)
5.1.4. Gross capital formation
A combination of commodity flow and expenditure approaches is used to estimate gross
fixed capital formation.
The estimate of capital formation in building and construction is derived from
completions of buildings reported by municipalities and expenditure on construction
undertaken by government and industries. Estimates on investment in machinery and
equipment are derived through the commodity flow method.
Changes in inventories are estimated for agriculture, manufacturing, building and
construction, as well as retail trade. The sources of information are the large-farm census,
the integrated rural survey, the annual survey of concerned industries, and the survey of
distribution.
As Kenya is following the 1968 SNA, they make no explicit estimate for acquisition of
valuables.
The ICP requires a relatively detailed breakdown of capital formation. As Kenya reports
capital formation by type of assets as well as by industry, they should be capable of
meeting the required breakdown. However, it will most likely involve going back to the
source data to get a breakdown of transport equipment in particular.
5.1.5. Exports and imports
The national account exports and imports figures are based on foreign trade reports and
balance of payments data. No breakdown is required for the ICP.
12
5.2. Senegal12
The Directorate of Forecasting and Statistics, Ministry of Economic and Finance is
responsible for the preparation of national accounts in Senegal. Based on the 1968 SNA,
GDP is estimated mainly through the production approach, while the expenditure on
GDP are calculated with household consumption as a residual. No breakdown of GDP by
income components is prepared.
5.2.1. Household consumption expenditure
Because the Senegalese national account’s household consumption expenditure estimate
is obtained as a residual, it has the potential of including a statistical discrepancy, changes
in inventories (for the preliminary accounts), and consumption expenditures of the
NPISHs.
Furthermore, as no source data are utilized directly in the estimation of household
consumption expenditure, breakdown by product or purpose (COICOP) does not exist.
Thus the expenditure weights for the ICP cannot be taken directly from their national
accounts.
Household survey results, on the other hand, are available. The Senegalese Household
Survey (ESAM) with rural/urban coverage was conducted in 1994-95. Its main objective
was to determine the level and structure of income and expenditure of households and to
define a poverty profile. The Survey on Household Expenditure in the Capital (EDMC)
was carried out in 1996 to determine the structure of purchases of goods and services of
households in order to provide weights for the harmonized price index for all West
African Economic and Monetary Union countries. It’s coverage was limited to the capital
area and the Pikine suburb of Dakar. Reports on both the surveys have been published,
but the results of the surveys have not yet been used for the estimation of household
expenditure data in the NA, neither as a check on the total (ESAM) nor to impose a
structure on the consumption expenditures in the national accounts. According to
Senegal’s General Data Dissemination Standard (GDDS) comprehensive framework
report, work is underway to use the results of the households surveys to provide better
estimates for the consumption estimate in the NA, and a new household survey (ESAM
II) is planned for 2001.
Expenditure weights can be derived on the basis of the household survey data. Even
though, using household survey data directly is not the optimal way to derive expenditure
weights for the ICP, it will under the given circumstances be the best solution for
Senegal. (Of course, if by 2003 the survey data are built into the NA, there is no reason to
use the following approach.)
12
The above description is based on information provided by Senegal as a participant to the General Data
Dissemination Standard, and information acquired by a joint IMF/World Bank statistics mission to Senegal,
September 2001.
13
The weights should be estimated in the following way: First, household survey
expenditures from the ESAM should be extrapolated with details from the CPI to make
them current. Then, the ‘extrapolated’ survey expenditures should be confronted with
other sources of statistics, among them the EDMS, in order to check and adjust the results
where they seem unreasonable. Last, the weights should be derived using the aggregate
household consumption figure from the NA as constraint.
Again, as in the Kenyan case, the quality of the weights derived will depend on: (i) the
size of the statistical discrepancy included in the household consumption estimate in the
NA; (ii) the quality of the survey results; (iii) how old the household survey is, and linked
to that; (iv) how price-elastic the demand is.
5.2.2. Government consumption expenditure
The estimate of government final consumption expenditure is based on the statements of
the government’s operating budget and accounting data for government units.
According to the United Nations National Accounts database, a breakdown of general
government consumption expenditure by one digit COFOG is available. But, as this is
not sufficient for dividing between individual and collective consumption, more detailed
data must be acquired, or some kind of approximation done.
With regards to the breakdown by cost components, the same applies as said above for
Kenya.
5.2.3. NPISH Consumption expenditure
Senegal makes no explicit estimate for NPISH Consumption Expenditure, thus, it could
be indirectly included in the estimate of household consumption.
5.2.4. Gross capital formation
A combination of commodity flow and expenditure approaches are used to estimate gross
capital formation.
The estimate of fixed capital formation is based on production in the construction
industry and public works, imports of capital goods, and capital expenditures as reflected
in the Execution of the Consolidated State Investment Budget, the Three-Year Public
Investment Program, as well as the United Nations Development Program’s (UNDP)
annual report, which summarizes the participation of donors and lenders in Senegal.
It is likely that Senegal can meet the required breakdown by type of asset.
Senegal’s provisional accounts assumes zero changes in inventories, while the semi-final
and final accounts estimates changes in inventories based on changes in the operating
values of the industrial and commercial enterprises. No breakdown is needed for the ICP.
14
Because Senegal’s methodology for national accounts is based on the 1968 SNA, no
explicit estimate for acquisition of valuables is included.
5.2.5. Exports and Imports
Main sources for the exports and imports figures in the national accounts are the balance
of payments compiled by the Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO) and the
customs statistics. No breakdown is required for the ICP.
5.3 Namibia13
The Central Bureau of Statistics is responsible for the compilation of Namibia’s national
accounts. The accounts are compiled according to the standards set out in the 1993 SNA.
The GDP is estimated from the production and the expenditure sides. To match the two
independent estimates of GDP, a statistical discrepancy is introduced on the expenditure
side, as the production based GDP is considered the more reliable estimate.
5.3.1. Household consumption expenditure
The estimate of the final consumption expenditures of the households is based on the
commodity flow technique and detailed import statistics. A limited breakdown by
COICOP category exists – Food, beverages and tobacco; Clothing and footwear; and
Housing, water, electricity and fuels. All other categories of COICOP are lumped
together into the two categories Other goods and Other services. In addition, adjustments
for purchases abroad by residents and for purchases on the domestic market by foreigners
are specified.
As the breakdown by purposes is quite limited in the published national accounts, the
weights for the ICP cannot be taken directly from them. Other sources will therefore
need to be utilized in order to make possible the estimation of expenditure weights for the
ICP.
The statistical office conducted a household income and expenditure survey in 1993-94
(November – October). This survey’s results would be useful for estimating expenditure
weights for the ICP. The survey results should be extrapolated with detailed price
movements as measured by the detailed CPI components. This would update the survey
results, but it would not take into account any changes in the pattern of purchases of
goods and services due to change in taste and/or relative prices. The ‘updated’ results
should be checked against available detailed commodity information used in the
compilation of the national accounts, import and production data.
A quick comparison of data for 1994 shows that there seems to be agreement between the
two sources with regards to the relative amount spent on Food, beverages and tobacco,
The following description is based on information from National Accounts 1993 – 1999, Central Bureau
of Statistics / Namibia Planning Commission, 2000, and documentation of the Household survey, Central
Bureau of Statistics.
13
15
and Clothing and footwear, however, for the third COICOP category Housing, water,
electricity and fuels the divergence between the NA and the household expenditure
survey (HES) data is quite substantial. This might be due to difference in the estimation
of services of owner occupied dwellings. As there must be a separate estimation of this
item in the national accounts, it should be possible to check.
Table 3
Household consumption expenditures in Namibia, 1994
Household consumption expenditures
Food, beverages and tobacco
Clothing and footwear
Housing, water, electricity and fuels
Other goods and services
National
Accounts
1994
2314
309
858
2126
(0.41)
(0.06)
(0.15)
(0.38)
Household operations
Furniture and utensils
Medical care
Transport and communication
Education
Personal care
Recreation
Other
(1.00)
HES results
Nov. 93 – Oct. 94
HES results
adjusteda
1994
1018
170
794
1147
(0.33)
(0.05)
(0.25)
(0.37)
1670
192
897
1226
(0.42)
(0.05)
(0.23)
(0.31)
121
119
42
586
85
60
63
71
(0.04)
(0.04)
(0.01)
(0.19)
(0.03)
(0.02)
(0.02)
(0.02)
137
135
47
592
96
68
71
80
(0.03)
(0.03)
(0.01)
(0.15)
(0.02)
(0.02)
(0.02)
(0.02)
3129
(1.00)
3985
(1.00)
Total
5607
Direct purchases abroad by residents
Direct purchases domestic by nonresidents
215
-691
238
Total household consumption
expenditures
5130
4223
a
Adjustments are made (i) for price changes, as the time period the household survey covers is slightly different; (ii) to count for
institutional households; (iii) to count for probable underestimation of particular goods and services such as alcohol and tobacco etc.;
(iii) to correct for those vehicles bought by households with a business. Furthermore, by using the upper limit of the 95 percent
confidence interval, the data increases by some 10,5 percent. These size of the adjustments are made by the producers of the survey,
however, in the table above, we have assumed that probable underestimation is most likely to be in the category Food, beverages and
tobacco.
The level of detail in the household survey should be more than sufficient to meet the
need for making detailed weights for the ICP exercise, while the sub-totals, taken from
the NA, should be used as constraints.
Again, the quality of the detailed weights derived will depend on the quality of the
household survey, the quality of the household estimates in the NA, the quality of the CPI
components as well as on how price elastic the demand for goods and services is.
5.3.2. Government consumption expenditures
The estimate of final consumption expenditure of government is derived from data for
central government, including all ministries and departments under the State Revenue
16
Fund, data on other institutions, such as, the University of Namibia, and data for
municipalities and other local authorities.
A breakdown of central government consumption by 11 COFOG groups is available:
General public services; Defence; Public order and safety; Education; Health; Social
security and welfare; Housing and community amenities; Recreation, culture and
religion; Agricultural, forestry and fishing, Transportation and communication; and Other
economic affairs and services (including any unallocated items). No breakdown by
COFOG of local government consumption expenditures exists, but it should be noted that
local government consumption counted for less than 4 percent of government’s
consumption expenditures.
Thus, there is a lack of sufficiently detailed data and, either more details will need to be
acquired, or the required data for the ICP exercise will need to be based on some kind of
approximations.
With regards to the breakdown by cost components, the same applies as said above for
Kenya.
5.3.3 NPISH consumption expenditure
A separate estimate for the consumption of non-profit institutions is included in the
accounts. As the estimate is based on production of services by NPISH, the data needed
for the ICP should be available, even though no breakdown by function is published.
5.3.4 Gross capital formation
The Namibian national accounts contain gross fixed capital formation by industry cross
classified by type of assets. Thus, even though the published breakdown by type of assets
is limited to 5 major categories, much of the information needed for the estimation of
ICP weights should be available in the NA, which could be supplemented with detailed
import data.
5.3.5. Exports and imports
The national accounts exports and imports data are identical to the balance of payments
statistics, which is compiled by the Bank of Namibia.
No breakdown of exports and imports are needed for the ICP.
5.4. Thailand14
The National Economic and Social Development Board is responsible for the preparation
of national accounts in Thailand. GDP is estimated from the expenditure and the
production sides. Commodity balances are compiled whenever possible. Furthermore, an
14
The following description is made in collaboration with Wanida Mahakit, NESDB, Thailand.
17
input-output table is estimated at an interval of five years, and ratios from the table are
used to fill gaps in cases where information are missing in GDP compilation.
5.4.1. Household consumption expenditure
The estimate of household consumption expenditures is based on a set of data sources,
such as (i) Socio-economic surveys (SES) conducted by National Statistical office
(NSO) every two years (latest available survey is for 2000), (ii) Domestic sales –
quantities and values – from various agencies, and (iii) Prices of consumer goods and
services obtained from the CPI compiled by the Ministry of Commerce.
As the SES are conducted every second year, intervening years are interpolated or
extrapolated by suitable indicators. For those items where quantity data are available,
price data from the Ministry of Commerce are used to estimate values.
In some cases where data are deficient, commodity flow approach is used to compile
expenditure estimates, and extrapolation from a benchmark value or quantity using an
appropriate indicator is also used where necessary. These benchmarks are obtained from
special studies or surveys.
Furthermore, in areas such as for the estimation of use of “Fruits and vegetables” where
information is inadequate (lack of information with regards to “backyard” products),
indirect methods of estimation are applied.
A comparison of the ICP requirements and data availability reveals that many items
appearing in the existing ICP classification do not figure prominently in the Thai
consumption basket. This explains the difficulty of a straightforward mapping of ICP
categories into the Thai national accounts. Thai national accounts experts observe that to
facilitate such a direct mapping, ICP headings should be more general.
5.4.2. Government consumption expenditures
The estimate of government consumption expenditures is based on data from (i) The
Ministry of Finance with regards to expenditure by central government, (ii) The Ministry
of Interior with regards to expenditure by the local authorities, and (iii) Accounts for a
handful non-profit institutions (which should be excluded from government unless
funded and controlled by government).
The institutional coverage could be an issue with respect to achieving comparability of
government expenditures in the region. For instance in the case of Thailand, government
consumption expenditures (as well as total consumption expenditures) might be slightly
exaggerated by the inclusion of non-profit institutions serving businesses.
The consumption expenditures are categorized by three different dimensions, by type of
expenditure (compensation of employees and purchases of goods and services form
enterprises and abroad), by function (general administrative, education, health, etc.), and
by level of government.
18
Publications do not show social transfers in kind from government, however, data on
such transfers can be extracted from the abundance of available information in order to
arrive at collective consumption by government, and actual individual consumption by
households. Furthermore, it should be possible to get specific details needed for the ICP
with regards to breakdown by purpose, e.g., outpatient medical services separate from
hospital services etc.
There is no detailed estimate of consumption of fixed capital in government. However, an
aggregate for the whole Kingdom is available by type of asset. Hopefully it would be
possible to make some rough estimates of consumption of fixed capital by COFOG
category.
5.4.3 NPISH consumption expenditure
No independent estimate of NPISH consumption is made. Some consumption
expenditures by NPISHs may be included in government (see above), and some may be
included in the household sector, nevertheless, there is a possibility of underestimating
total consumption due to lack of an independent estimates for NPISH.
5.4.4 Gross capital formation
The estimate of Gross Fixed Capital Formation is mainly based on five sources.
For private construction, data on permitted and completed construction area for
residential and non-residential buildings are available from the Ministry of Interior, while
for government construction, data on the value of all construction is available from the
Ministry of Finance (central government) and the Ministry of Interior (local authorities).
In addition, data on construction costs per square meter of various type of buildinga are
gathered through special surveys.
For machinery and other equipment, the estimate of domestic products are obtained from
various sources such as the Ministry of Industry, the Ministry of Finance (sales) and the
Bank of Thailand (from surveys), while the value of imported products are from the
Custom Department.
Most of the data are collected on a quarterly basis, and are aggreagted to obtain the
annual totals. While the data collection process enables verification of actual
construction, it also facilitates appropriate adjustments for work-in-progress (particularly
important for construction work).
The ICP requires a relatively detailed breakdown of fixed capital formation by type of
assets. Published NA data indicate that there should be few problems extracting the
needed information. It would clearly be straight forward to obtain weights for residential
buildings, non-residential buildings, civil engineering works, and land improvement,
development of plantations and breeding stock. Yet, problems could be anticipated in the
case of details required for estimates of machinery and equipment. This is because the
19
ICP detailed classification is not identical with the one used in Thailand, as Thai data are
classified according to TSIC (Thai version of or ISIC) and not CPC. Then again, as the
foreign trade statistics is based on the HS classification, ICP required details on imports
of machinery and equipment could be compiled. Nevertheless, some estimation on a
more detailed level might be needed for the domestically produced machinery and
equipment.
Changes in inventories (or stocks) can be taken directly from the NA as no breakdown is
needed.
No separate estimate for acquisition of valuables is included in the Thai NA.
Table 4
Gross Capital Formation by ICP Basic Headings (Millions of Baht)
Code
Description
4
4.1
GROSS FIXED CAPITAL FORMATION
MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT
4.1.1
4.1.1.03.1
4.1.1.05.0
4.1.1.06.0
4.1.1.08.1
4.1.1.09.0
4.1.1.10.1
4.1.2
4.1.2.01.1
4.1.2.02.0
4.1.3
4.1.3.01.1
4.1.3.02.1
4.1.3.02.2
4.1.3.02.3
4.1.3.02.4
MACHINERY AND NON-ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
Agricultural machinery
Equipment for mining and building, incl. metal structures
Machinery for textile, food, chemical, paper etc. industries
Office equipment and appliances
Precision and optical instruments15
Other machinery
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND APPLIANCES
Electrical equipment, including lamps
Telecommunication, electronic and electrical equipment n.e.c.
TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT
Motor vehicles and engines
Ships and boats
Locomotives, wagons
Aircraft
Other transport equipment
4.2
CONSTRUCTION
4.2.1
4.2.1.03.1
4.2.2
4.2.2.05.1
4.2.3
4.2.3.04.1
RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
Residential buildings
NON-RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
Non-residential buildings
CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS
Civil engineering works
4.3
OTHER PRODUCTS
4.3.1
4.3.1.01.1
OTHER PRODUCTS
Land improvement, development of plantations and breeding stock
5
5.0.0.00.0
CHANGE IN STOCKS
Change in stocks
15
1999
344,438
6,197
19,697
61,788
117,778
69,993
68,985
37,890
6,224
31,666
118,748
90,183
12,773
6,851
8,941
n.a.
59,590
59,590
103,544
103,544
285,291
285,291
868
868
-6,797
-6,797
Professional & Scientific instrument
20
5.4.5. Exports and imports
The major sources for the national accounts estimates of imports and exports are customs
data from the Customs Department of the Ministry of Finance and the balance of
payments data from the Bank of Thailand. No breakdown is required for the ICP.
5.5. Indonesia16
The national accounts in Indonesia are compiled by the Bureau of Consumption and
Accumulation Accounts in the Badan Pusat Statistik (Statistics Indonesia). The accounts
are compiled in accordance with the 1968 SNA. GDP is estimated by production as well
as by expenditure.
5.5.1. Household consumption expenditure
The main source of data for estimate of household consumption expenditure is the
National Social and Economic Survey (Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional, SUSENAS).
The SUSENAS is a nationwide survey which is conducted by the Badan Pusat Statistik
(BPS), in order to gather data on social and economic aspects of the society. The survey
consists of several modules, including a consumption module which serves as a basis for
the compilation of household consumption expenditure. The SUSENAS is conducted
every three years, and the latest consumption module refers to 1999.17
A problem in using the SUSENAS is linked to its coverage, which is limited to mid- and
lower-income groups. Therefore, to arrive at the total household consumption by purpose,
the estimate for food and non-food groups need to be adjusted to cover high income
households as well.
For intervening years, a regression based methodology is used.
To give a view of how the household consumption data provided by SUSENAS,
embodied in the national accounts, could be classified for ICP purposes, annex IV
provides a link between SUSENAS items and ICP basic headings. Items in the
SUSENAS that do not appear specifically in the ICP classification are noted as
“unclassified” immediately below the ICP requirements.
The Indonesian survey data is rich in detail, and most of the information needed for the
ICP with regards to household consumption expenditures are readily available. However,
there may be a substantial number of cases where product specifications have to be fine-
16
The following description is made in collaboration with Slamet Sutomo, BPS, Indonesia.
National accounts compilers also use special surveys to estimate those elements of expenditures not
covered explicitly by SUSENAS. For example, there is a special survey to determine the financial position
and structure of households. This survey provides information on the interest payments, bank, and other
financial services charges of households. This special survey is a non-random sampling survey of some
selected households.
17
21
tuned to meet ICP requirements. In fact, it may be necessary to redefine the ICP basic
headings flexibly to reflect regional specificities.18
The comparison between details in the SUSENAS and required details for the ICP (basic
headings) yielded the following: In the food group, the size of the sub-groups tends to
vary quite a great deal. For example, meat, vegetables, fruits, pulses, spices, and prepared
foods have a large number of items included in the sub-group and these items could be
perceived to be somewhat heterogeneous notwithstanding the fact that they could be
considered part of the sub-group in question. A similar observation is also valid for the
non-food group, especially for the sub-groups on housing facilities, miscellaneous goods
and services, and durable goods. In the SUSENAS classification a doubtful item is the
inclusion of “detergents” in “Clothing, footwear, and hats” sub-group. At the same time,
there does not appear to be an item for “laundry”, other personal services (haircuts etc.).
The comparison between the SUSENAS and ICP basic headings revealed areas where the
ICP classification needs to be reviewed to take account of specific characteristics of
Indonesia (and the region). Bread and cereals group, oils and fats group, fruits and
vegetables group, potatoes and tubers groups, other foods group are some of the obvious
candidates for re-consideration.
The heterogeneity of the sub-groups has an implication to the way the ICP project needs
to be implemented. If the current list is taken as a guideline, it is possible to establish an
expenditure weight for each sub-group. If we think in terms of a composite price for the
sub-group as a whole, it would be necessary to establish weights for individual items
within a sub-group. Unfortunately, the current level of published information is
inadequate to ascertain whether such a detailed weighting system could be derived from
the given information in the SUSENAS. As mentioned earlier, examples of worksheets of
BPS suggest that it has the information to handle this problem.
Thus, even though national accounts don’t include all the details needed for the ICP, the
structure could be taken from the SUSENAS, and re-classified to meet ICP requirements.
It should be noted that the household consumption expenditure estimate in the Indonesian
NA includes consumption expenditures by non-profit institutions. These expenditures
should be specified if possible.
5.5.2. Government consumption expenditure
Government consumption expenditure covers consumption expenditures of central and
local governments. The estimate is based on data from the Directorate General of Budget
Affairs, Ministry of Finance for central government. For local (provincial, district and
village) government, data are collected directly by BPS.
18
In some cases, SUSENAS has more items than ICP requirements and it could form the basis of revision
of ICP requirements, especially in the regional context. In annex VI, these items are marked under the
heading “details of“ immediately below the ICP heading.
22
Breakdown by cost components should not be a problem, as consolidated economic
analysis of the central government is available. Consumption of fixed capital is estimated
as 5 percent of total compensation of employees.
A breakdown by 14 functions is available for the central government. This could be
utilized in conjunction with economic analysis to derive government individual and
collective consumption.
5.5.3. Gross capital formation
The commodity flow approach is used to compile gross fixed capital formation. In
addition to supply side information in the NA, data on construction and domestically
produced capital goods from the Directorate of Manufacturing Statistics and on imports
of capital goods from the Directorate of External Trade Statistics are utilized.
Fixed capital formation is classified into construction, machinery and equipment,
transportation vehicles and other capital goods.
Even though gross fixed capital formation in the NA are published (and produced) on a
higher level of aggregation than what is needed to meet the requirements of the ICP, the
requirements can be met by using at the underlying sources.
Since data on inventories (stocks) are limited, changes in inventories is estimated
residually. Consequently, the estimate has the potential of including a statistical
discrepancy. No breakdown is needed for the ICP.
As the national accounts of Indonesia follows the 1968 SNA, it does not include an
estimate of acquisition of valuables.
5.5.4. Exports and imports
Merchandise exports and imports are based on statistics of exports and imports (BPS) and
data from the Department of Mining and Energy (exports of oil), while exports and
imports on services are based on the Balance of Payments (Bank of Indonesia),
supplemented by data from other agencies.
No breakdown of net exports is needed for the ICP.
5.6. Norway19
Statistics Norway is responsible for the preparation of the national accounts in Norway.
The accounts are prepared in accordance with the 1993 SNA/ESA 1995. GDP is
estimated in a very detailed supply-use framework, ensuring consistency between the
production and expenditure approach to GDP.
19
The following description is partly based on Erling Joar Fløttum, Norwegian National Accounts.
Documentation of the compilation and methods applied., Statistics Norway, Norway 1996.
23
5.6.1. Household consumption expenditure
In the Norwegian national accounts, household consumption expenditure is based on
three classes of sources. These are household expenditure surveys, retail trade statistics
and the commodity flow method following output estimates in particular. As an
additional reliability test on the total level of household consumption expenditure, total
theoretical non-deductible value added tax (VAT ) on household expenditures estimated
in the national accounts is checked against the VAT receipts in the government’s
accounts.
The household final consumption expenditure estimation is detailed, specifying some 110
consumption groups, and involving a larger number of product flows. The consumption
groups, following the main structure of COICOP, are partly corresponding to the
expenditure classification at detailed heading level applied in the ICP. Furthermore, when
a one-to-one relationship is non-existing, the required data can be found by using the
details on products going into the consumption groups. Therefore, all required details
with regards to household final consumption expenditure should be available from the
national accounts.
5.6.2. Government consumption expenditure
The estimate of final consumption expenditure of general government is based on the
accounts of the central government and all local governments.
Government final consumption expenditure is distinguished in 55 groups of function
within the framework of 14 main groups. COFOG is applied as classification for both
central and local government expenditure. All details required to make a distinction
between individual and collective consumption are present, furthermore, all details
needed for the individual consumption expenditures to be classified according to the ICP
basic headings can also be found in the national accounts.
As the consumption estimate for government are based on the cost approach, the required
details – compensation of employees, intermediate consumption, consumption of fixed
capital, and fees (negative) – can be reported by function.
5.6.3. NPISH consumption expenditure
A separate estimate for the consumption of non-profit institutions is included in the
accounts. The estimate is based on a range of sources, as no survey of non-profit
organizations has been carried out.
The consumption expenditure is broken down by five groups of function, however, based
on the product information that is included in the national accounts, there should be no
problems classifying these expenditure according to ICP basic headings.
24
5.6.4. Gross capital formation
The primarily method of estimation is based on the use of industry–related sources and
the expenditure approach, however, as investment estimates by kind of activity are fed
into the supply-use framework, the commodity flow approach takes on a substantial role.
Thus, data on foreign trade and domestic production are playing a role in the estimation.
Gross fixed capital formation has two main dimensions in terms of breakdown, one by
category or type of asset, and one by kind of activity. Altogether, 55 types of assets are
specified, grouped into 7 main categories: Dwellings (4); Non-residential buildings (10);
Other structures (16); Transport equipment (7); Other machinery and equipment (13);
Cultivated assets (2); and Intangible fixed assets (3).
The ICP requires a relatively detailed breakdown of capital formation, however, there
should be no problem to get data on the required details and aggregates based on the NA.
The estimate of changes in inventories is a residual in the Norwegian national accounts. It
is made sure that products that goes into inventories are goods rather than services,
however, there is no real effort to check the total against official statistics on changes in
inventories. The ICP requires only a total for the estimate, which can easily be taken from
the NA.
A separate estimate is made for acquisition of valuables.
5.6.5 Exports and Imports
The national accounts exports and imports data are identical to the balance of payments
(which is also estimated in the national accounts division). External trade statistics are the
major source (99/97 percent coverage) for the estimation of exports/imports of goods,
while exports/imports of services are based on foreign exchange statistics in combination
with maritime transport statistics, oil and gas activity statistics and some other sources.
No breakdown of exports/imports is needed for the ICP.
6. Conclusions
A general review as well as the country studies on the derivation of expenditure weights
for PPP calculations suggest that a country must have GDP by expenditure to provide the
control numbers and facilitate the calculation of PPP adjusted GDP.
For the countries which derive final household consumption expenditure as a residual, it
should be ascertained what other flows/items such as changes in inventories,
consumption of NPISHs, statistical discrepancy are included in it and whether there is a
possibility to make adjustments to achieve conceptually sound expenditure aggregate for
final household consumption expenditure for control purposes.
25
If the household survey results are not used for NA compilation, then they need to be
adjusted e.g. for coverage (geographical, institutional, or socio/economic groups), underor over-estimation, and changes in prices. For that recourse should be made to alternative
data sources such as on commodity flows, tax statistics, import statistics, and consumer
price indices.
As countries use COICOP to classify consumption expenditures in the household
expenditure survey and NA, the ICP should consider providing conversion keys from
COICOP to ICP basic headings for the consumption goods and services. In the regions,
where there is a heterogeneity of products with marked differentials in price movements,
ICP may wish to consider recommending sub-weights for averaging prices.
For consumption expenditure of government, ICP may wish to emphasize cross
classification by functions/costs (economic) even though GFS recommends functional
classification of governments’ total expenditure only.
ICP’s classification of gross capital formation needs to be updated to accommodate the
changes in the boundary of capital formation and the classification of non-financial
(tangible and intangible) assets in the 1993 SNA. As most countries compile gross fixed
capital formation by type of assets in accordance with the 1993 SNA there should be
harmonization of broad ICP headings with the type of assets categories. The ICP’s further
needs of details can be defined in terms of CPC as OECD/Eurostat recommends.
On the whole, ICP should provide firm guidelines on the concepts, coverage and
classification of expenditures and leave some room for approximations to accommodate
the regional specifics and heterogeneity, lack of details, and uncurrent data. The
developmental work and guidelines on expenditure weights should be closely tied to
those for prices and aggregations so that the targeted PPPs are conceptually and
methodologically sound and relevant to the users.
26
Annex I
Expenditure Data Needed for the ICP
1
HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION
1.1
FOOD, BEVERAGES, TOBACCO
1.1.1
FOOD
1.1.1.01
1.1.1.01.1
1.1.1.01.2
1.1.1.01.3
1.1.1.01.4
1.1.1.01.5
1.1.1.01.6
BREAD AND CEREALS
Rice
Flour and other cereals
Bread
Other bakery products
Pasta products
Other cereal products
1.1.1.02
1.1.1.02.1
1.1.1.02.2
1.1.1.02.3
1.1.1.02.4
1.1.1.02.5
1.1.1.02.8
1.1.1.02.9
MEAT
Beef
Veal
Pork
Lamb, mutton and goat
Poultry
Other meats and edible offal
Meat preparations
1.1.1.03
1.1.1.03.1
1.1.1.03.3
1.1.1.03.5
FISH
Fresh, or frozen fish
Fresh, or frozen seafood
Dried, preserved or processed fish and seafood
1.1.1.04
1.1.1.04.1
1.1.1.04.2
1.1.1.04.3
1.1.1.04.4
1.1.1.04.5
MILK, CHEESE AND EGGS
Fresh milk
Preserved milk
Other milk products
Cheese
Eggs
1.1.1.05
1.1.1.05.1
1.1.1.05.5
OILS AND FATS
Butter
Margarine and other edible oils and fats
1.1.1.06
1.1.1.06.1
1.1.1.06.2
1.1.1.06.3
1.1.1.06.4
FRUIT AND VEGETABLES
Fresh fruit
Dried fruit and nuts
Frozen and preserved fruit and fruit juices
Fresh vegetables
27
1.1.1.06.8
Dried, frozen, preserved vegetables
1.1.1.07
1.1.1.07.1
1.1.1.07.2
POTATOES AND TUBERS
Potatoes and other tubers
Potato products
1.1.1.08
1.1.1.08.1
SUGAR
Raw and refined sugar
1.1.1.09
1.1.1.09.1
1.1.1.09.2
1.1.1.09.3
COFFEE, TEA AND COCOA
Coffee
Tea
Cocoa
1.1.1.10
1.1.1.10.1
1.1.1.10.5
1.1.1.10.6
OTHER FOODS
Jams, jellies, honey and syrups
Salt, spices, condiments and food n.e.c.
Chocolate, confectionery and ice cream
1.1.2
1.1.2.01.1
1.1.2.01.2
NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
Mineral water
Soft drinks
1.1.3
1.1.3.01.1
1.1.3.01.3
1.1.3.01.5
ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
Spirits and liqueurs
Beer
Wine and other alcoholic beverages
1.1.4
1.1.4.01.1
1.1.4.02.1
TOBACCO
Cigarettes
Other tobacco products
1.2
CLOTHING AND FOOTWARE
1.2.1
1.2.1.01.1
1.2.1.01.2
1.2.1.01.5
1.2.1.01.6
1.2.1.02.1
CLOTHING
Men's clothing
Ladies' clothing
Clothing materials and accessories
Children's and infants' clothing
Repair and maintenance of clothing
1.2.2
1.2.2.01.1
1.2.2.01.2
1.2.2.01.3
1.2.2.02.1
FOOTWEAR
Men's footwear
Ladies' footwear
Children's and infants' footwear
Repairs to footwear
28
1.3
RENTS, FUEL AND POWER
1.3.1
1.3.1.01.0
1.3.1.02.1
GROSS RENTS AND WATER CHARGES
Gross rents, incl. repair and maintenance
Water charges
1.3.2
1.3.2.01.1
1.3.2.02.0
1.3.2.03.1
1.3.2.04.1
FUEL AND POWER
Electricity
Gas
Liquid fuels for heating and lighting
Coal, firewood and other fuels
1.4
FURNITURE,, HOUSEHOLD EQUIPMENT AND OPERATION
1.4.1
1.4.1.01.1
1.4.1.01.2
1.4.1.02.1
FURNITURE, FLOOR COVERINGS, INCL. REPAIRS
Furniture and fixtures
Floor coverings
Repairs to furniture and floor coverings
1.4.2
1.4.2.01.1
1.4.2.02.1
HOUSEHOLD TEXTILES. INCL. REPAIRS
Household textiles and other furnishings
Repairs to household textiles
1.4.3
1.4.3.01.1
1.4.3.01.2
1.4.3.01.3
1.4.3.01.4
1.4.3.01.5
1.4.3.01.6
1.4.3.02.1
MAJOR HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES. INCL. REPAIRS
Refrigerators, freezers
Washing machines, driers, dishwashers
Cooking appliances
Heaters and air-conditioners
Vacuum cleaners, polishers etc.
Other major household appliances
Repairs to major household appliances
1.4.4
1.4.4.01.0
1.4.4.02.1
GLASSWARE. TABLEWARE AND UTENSILS. INCL. REPAIRS
Glassware, tableware and household utensils
Repairs to glassware, tableware and household utensils
1.4.5
1.4.5.01.1
1.4.5.01.2
1.4.5.02.0
HOUSEHOLD OPERATION
Household cleaning and maintenance products
Paper products and other non-durable household goods
Laundry and other household services
1.4.6
1.4.6.01.1
DOMESTIC SERVICES
Domestic services
1.5
MEDICAL CARE AND HEALTH SERVICES
29
1.5.1
1.5.1.01.1
1.5.1.02.1
MEDICAL CARE AND PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS
Drugs and medical preparations
Other medical supplies
1.5.2
1.5.2.00.0
THERAPEUTIC APPLIANCES AND EQUIPMENT
Therapeutic appliances and equipment
1.5.3
1.5.3.03.1
1.5.3.04.1
1.5.3.07.0
1.5.3.08.0
MEDICAL SERVICES OUTSIDE HOSPITALS
Services of dentists
Services of nurses
Services of physicians
Other medical services and analyses
1.5.4
1.5.4.00.0
HOSPITAL CARE
Hospital care
1.6
TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION
1.6.1
1.6.1.01.1
1.6.1.02.1
PERSONAL TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT
Passenger vehicles
Motor cycles and bicycles
1.6.2
1.6.2.01.1
1.6.2.01.2
1.6.2.02.1
1.6.2.03.1
OPERATION OF TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT
Tires, parts and accessories
Maintenance and repair services
Motor fuels and oils
Other expenses related to personal transport
1.6.3
1.6.3.01.1
1.6.3.02.1
1.6.3.02.2
1.6.3.03.1
PURCHASED TRANSPORT SERVICES
Local transport
Long-distance transport by road and rail
Long-distance transport by air and sea
Other purchased transport services
1.6.4
1.6.4.01.1
1.6.4.02.1
COMMUNICATION
Postal services
Telephone, telegraph and telex services
1.7
RECREATION, ENTERTAINMENT AND EDUCATION
1.7.1
1.7.1.01.0
1.7.1.02.1
1.7.1.02.2
1.7.1.03.0
RECREATIONAL EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES
Radio, TV and audio equipment
Photographic equipment
Other durable recreational goods
Other recreational goods
30
1.7.1.04.1
Parts and repairs to recreational goods
1.7.2
1.7.2.01.1
1.7.2.02.0
ENTERTAINMENT, RECREATIONAL AND CULTURAL SERVICES
Cinemas, sports stadiums, museums, zoos etc.
Recreational and sporting activities, rental and subscription
1.7.3
1.7.3.01.0
BOOKS, NEWSPAPERS AND OTHER PRINTED MATTER
Books, newspapers and other printed matter
1.7.4
1.7.4.00.0
EDUCATION SERVICES
Education services
1.8
MISCELLANEOUS GOODS AND SERVICES
1.8.1
1.8.1.01.1
1.8.1.02.0
PERSONAL CARE AND EFFECTS
Services of hairdressers and beauty shops
Toilet articles
1.8.2
1.8.2.01.1
1.8.2.02.0
1.8.2.03.1
GOODS NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED
Jewellery, watches and their repair
Personal accessories n.e.c.
Writing and drawing supplies
1.8.3
1.8.3.01.0
1.8.3.02.1
RESTAURANTS AND HOTELS
Restaurants, cafes and staff canteens
Hotels and other lodging places
1.8.4
1.8.4.00.0
WELFARE SERVICES
Welfare services
1.8.5
1.8.5.01.1
FINANCIAL SERVICES
Charges for financial services n.e.c.
1.8.6
1.8.6.01.1
SERVICES N.E.C.
Fees for other services n.e.c.
1.9
1.9.1.01.1
NET PURCHASES ABROAD BY RESIDENTS
Net purchases abroad by residents
2
2.1.1.01.1
CONSUMPTION OF NON-PROFIT INSTITUTIONS
Consumption of non-profit institutions n.e.c.
3
3.1.1.01.1
3.1.2.01.1
3.1.3.01.1
GOVERNMENT CONSUMPTION
Compensation of employees
Intermediate consumption
Consumption of fixed capital
31
4
GROSS FIXED CAPITAL FORMATION
4.1
MACHINERY AND EOUIPt6EjT
4.1.1
4.1.1.03.1
4.1.1.05.0
4.1.1.06.0
4.1.1.08.1
4.1.1.09.0
4.1.1.10.1
MACHINERY AND NON-ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
Agricultural machinery
Equipment for mining and building, incl. metal structures
Machinery for textile, food, chemical, paper etc. industries
Office equipment
Precision and optical instruments
Other machinery
4.1.2
4.1.2.01.1
4.1.2.02.0
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND APPLIANCES
Electrical equipment, including lamps
Telecommunication, electronic and electrical equipment n.e.c.
4.1.3
4.1.3.01.1
4.1.3.02.1
4.1.3.02.2
4.1.3.02.3.
4.1.3.02.4
TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT
Motor vehicles and engines
Ships and boats
Locomotives, wagons
Aircraft
Other transport equipment
4.2
CONSTRUCTION
4.2.1
4.2.1.03.1
RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
Residential buildings
4.2.2
4.2.2.05.1
NON-RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
Non-residential buildings
4.2.3
4.2.3.04.1
CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS
Civil engineering works
4.3
OTHER PRODUCTS
4.3.1
4.3.1.01.1
OTHER PRODUCTS
Land improvement, development of plantations and breeding stock
5
5.0.0.00.0
CHANGE IN STOCKS
Change in stocks
6
6.0.0.00.0
NET EXPORTS OF GOODS AND SERVICES
Net exports of goods and services
32
Annex II
Classification of Individual Consumption According to Purpose (COICOP)20
COICOP is used to classify both the individual consumption expenditure of households,
non-profit institutions serving households and general government and the actual
individual consumption of households.
Some countries base their estimates of individual consumption expenditure of households
in the national accounts on household budget surveys which frequently collect data
according to functional groups of the kind used in COICOP. In these cases, estimates will
be directly available of individual consumption expenditure by purpose, although data
from such surveys usually need to be adjusted for various kinds of systematic errors and
omissions. In most cases, however, estimates of consumption expenditure are built up
either from statistics on retail sales or by a “commodity-flow” method in which the total
supply of goods and services from domestic production and imports is allocated to
intermediate and final uses. In such cases the starting point for COICOP will be a
breakdown of goods and services for household consumption according to type of
product or by kind of activity as an approximation to type of product. Several goods and
services are multi-purpose - for example, fabrics may be used for clothing or furnishing,
diesel fuel can be used for passenger vehicles or for home-heating and insurance services
may be for risks relating to housing, transport or health.
INDIVIDUAL CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE OF HOUSEHOLDS
01.
FOOD AND NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
01.1
01.1.1
01.1.2
01.1.3
01.1.4
01.1.5
01.1.6
01.1.7
01.1.8
01.1.9
FOOD
Bread and cereals
01.1.2 Meat
Fish and seafood
Milk, cheese and eggs
Oils and fats
Fruit
Vegetables
Sugar, jam, honey, chocolate and confectionery
Food products n.e.c.
01.2 NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
01.2.1 Coffee, tea and cocoa
01.2.2 Mineral waters, soft drinks, fruit and vegetable juices
02.
ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, TOBACCO AND NARCOTICS
02.1 ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
02.1.1 Spirits
20
Source: Classification of Expenditure According to Purpose. United Nations, New York, 2000.
33
02.1.2 Wine
02.1.3 Beer
02.2 TOBACCO
02.2.0 Tobacco
02.3 NARCOTICS
02.3.0 Narcotics
03.
CLOTHING AND FOOTWEAR
03.1
03.1.1
03.1.2
03.1.3
03.1.4
CLOTHING
Clothing materials
Garments
Other articles of clothing and clothing accessories
Cleaning, repair and hire of clothing
03.2 FOOTWEAR
03.2.1 Shoes and other footwear
03.2.2 Repair and hire of footwear
04.
HOUSING, WATER, ELECTRICITY, GAS AND OTHER FUELS
04.1 ACTUAL RENTALS FOR HOUSING
04.1.1 Actual rentals paid by tenants
04.1.2 Other actual rentals
04.2 IMPUTED RENTALS FOR HOUSING
04.2.1 Imputed rentals of owner-occupiers
04.2.2 Other imputed rentals
04.3 MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF THE DWELLING
04.3.1 Materials for the maintenance and repair of the dwelling
04.3.2 Services for the maintenance and repair of the dwelling
04.4
04.4.1
04.4.2
04.4.3
04.4.4
WATER SUPPLY AND MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES RELATING TO THE
DWELLING
Water supply
Refuse collection
Sewerage collection
Other services relating to the dwelling n.e.c.
04.5
04.5.1
04.5.2
04.5.3
ELECTRICITY, GAS AND OTHER FUELS
Electricity
Gas
Liquid fuels
34
04.5.4 Solid fuels
04.5.5 Heat energy
05.
FURNISHINGS, HOUSEHOLD EQUIPMENT AND ROUTINE HOUSEHOLD
MAINTENANCE
05.1
FURNITURE AND FURNISHINGS, CARPETS AND OTHER FLOOR
COVERINGS
05.1.1 Furniture and furnishings
05.1.2 Carpets and other floor coverings
05.1.3 Repair of furniture, furnishings and floor coverings
05.2 HOUSEHOLD TEXTILES
05.2.0 Household textiles
05.3
05.3.1
05.3.2
05.3.3
HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES
Major household appliances whether electric or not
Small electric household appliances
Repair of household appliances
05.4 GLASSWARE, TABLEWARE AND HOUSEHOLD UTENSILS
05.4.0 Glassware, tableware and household utensils
05.5 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT FOR HOUSE AND GARDEN
05.5.1 Major tools and equipment
05.5.2 Small tools and miscellaneous accessories
05.6 GOODS AND SERVICES FOR ROUTINE HOUSEHOLD MAINTENANCE
05.6.1 Non-durable household goods
05.6.2 Domestic services and household services
06.
HEALTH
06.1
06.1.1
06.1.2
06.1.3
MEDICAL PRODUCTS, APPLIANCES AND EQUIPMENT
Pharmaceutical products
Other medical products
Therapeutic appliances and equipment
06.2
06.2.1
06.2.2
06.2.3
OUT-PATIENT SERVICES
Medical services
Dental services
Paramedical services
06.3 HOSPITAL SERVICES
06.3.0 Hospital services
35
07.
TRANSPORT
07.1
07.1.1
07.1.2
07.1.3
07.1.4
PURCHASE OF VEHICLES
Motor cars
Motor cycles
Bicycles
Animal drawn vehicles
07.2
07.2.1
07.2.2
07.2.3
07.2.4
OPERATION OF PERSONAL TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT
Spare parts and accessories for personal transport equipment
Fuels and lubricants for personal transport equipment
Maintenance and repair of personal transport equipment
Other services in respect of personal transport equipment
07.3
07.3.1
07.3.2
07.3.3
07.3.4
07.3.5
07.3.6
TRANSPORT SERVICES
Passenger transport by railway
Passenger transport by road
Passenger transport by air
Passenger transport by sea and inland waterway
Combined passenger transport
Other purchased transport services
08.
COMMUNICATION
08.1 POSTAL SERVICES
08.1.0 Postal services
08.2 TELEPHONE AND TELEFAX EQUIPMENT
08.2.0 Telephone and telefax equipment
08.3 TELEPHONE AND TELEFAX SERVICES
08.3.0 Telephone and telefax services
09.
RECREATION AND CULTURE
09.1 AUDIO-VISUAL, PHOTOGRAPHIC AND INFORMATION PROCESSING
EQUIPMENT
09.1.1 Equipment for the reception, recording and reproduction of sound and pictures
09.1.2 Photographic and cinematographic equipment and optical instruments
09.1.3 Information processing equipment
09.1.4 Recording media
09.1.5 Repair of audio-visual, photographic and information processing equipment
09.2 OTHER MAJOR DURABLES FOR RECREATION AND CULTURE
09.2.1 Major durables for outdoor recreation
09.2.2 Musical instruments and major durables for indoor recreation
36
09.2.3 Maintenance and repair of other major durables for recreation and culture
09.3
PETS
09.3.1
09.3.2
09.3.3
09.3.4
09.3.5
OTHER RECREATIONAL ITEMS AND EQUIPMENT, GARDENS AND
09.4
09.4.1
09.4.2
09.4.3
RECREATIONAL AND CULTURAL SERVICES
Recreational and sporting services
Cultural services
Games of chance
09.5
09.5.1
09.5.2
09.5.3
09.5.4
NEWSPAPERS, BOOKS AND STATIONERY
Books
Newspapers and periodicals
Miscellaneous printed matter
Stationery and drawing materials
Games, toys and hobbies
Equipment for sport, camping and open-air recreation
Gardens, plants and flowers
Pets and related products
Veterinary and other services for pets
09.6 PACKAGE HOLIDAYS
09.6.0 Package holidays
10.
EDUCATION
10.1 PRE-PRIMARY AND PRIMARY EDUCATION
10.1.0 Pre-primary and primary education
10.2 SECONDARY EDUCATION
10.2.0 Secondary education
10.3 POST-SECONDARY NON-TERTIARY EDUCATION
10.3.0 Post-secondary non-tertiary education
10.4 TERTIARY EDUCATION
10.4.0 Tertiary education
10.5 EDUCATION NOT DEFINABLE BY LEVEL
10.5.0 Education not definable by level
11.
RESTAURANTS AND HOTELS
11.1 CATERING SERVICES
11.1.1 Restaurants, cafés and the like
11.1.2 Canteens
37
11.2 ACCOMMODATION SERVICES
11.2.0 Accommodation services
12.
MISCELLANEOUS GOODS AND SERVICES
12.1
12.1.1
12.1.2
12.1.3
PERSONAL CARE
Hairdressing salons and personal grooming establishments
Electric appliances for personal care
Other appliances, articles and products for personal care
12.2 PROSTITUTION
12.2.0 Prostitution
12.3 PERSONAL EFFECTS N.E.C.
12.3.1 Jewellery, clocks and watches
12.3.2 Other personal effects
12.4 SOCIAL PROTECTION
12.4.0 Social protection
12.5
12.5.1
12.5.2
12.5.3
12.5.4
12.5.5
INSURANCE
Life insurance
Insurance connected with the dwelling
Insurance connected with health
Insurance connected with transport
Other insurance
12.6 FINANCIAL SERVICES N.E.C.
12.6.1 Financial intermediation services indirectly measured (FISIM)
12.6.2 Other financial services n.e.c.
12.7 OTHER SERVICES N.E.C.
12.7.0 Other services n.e.c.
INDIVIDUAL CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE OF NON-PROFIT INSTITUTIONS
SERVING HOUSEHOLDS
13.
INDIVIDUAL CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE OF NON-PROFIT
INSTITUTIONS SERVING HOUSEHOLDS (NPISHs)
13.1 HOUSING
13.1.0 Housing
13.2 HEALTH
13.2.1 Pharmaceutical products
38
13.2.2
13.2.3
13.2.4
13.2.5
13.2.6
13.2.7
13.2.8
Other medical products
Therapeutic appliances and equipment
Out-patient medical services
Out-patient dental services
Out-patient paramedical services
Hospital services
Other health services
13.3 RECREATION AND CULTURE
13.3.1 Recreational and sporting services
13.3.2 Cultural services
13.4
13.4.1
13.4.2
13.4.3
13.4.4
13.4.5
13.4.6
EDUCATION
Pre-primary and primary education
Secondary education
Post-secondary non-tertiary education
Tertiary education
Education not definable by level
Other educational services
13.5 SOCIAL PROTECTION
13.5.0 Social protection
13.6
13.6.1
13.6.2
13.6.3
13.6.4
OTHER SERVICES
Religion
Political parties, labour and professional organisations
Environment protection
Services n.e.c.
INDIVIDUAL CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE OF GENERAL GOVERNMENT
14.
INDIVIDUAL CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE OF GENERAL
GOVERNMENT
14.1 HOUSING
14.1.0 Housing
14.2
14.2.1
14.2.2
14.2.3
14.2.4
14.2.5
14.2.6
14.2.7
14.2.8
HEALTH
Pharmaceutical products
Other medical products
Therapeutic appliances and equipment
Out-patient medical services
Out-patient dental services
Out-patient paramedical services
Hospital services
Public health services
39
14.3 RECREATION AND CULTURE
14.3.1 Recreational and sporting services
14.3.2 Cultural services
14.4
14.4.1
14.4.2
14.4.3
14.4.4
14.4.5
14.4.6
EDUCATION
Pre-primary and primary education
Secondary education
Post-secondary non-tertiary education
Tertiary education
Education not definable by level
Subsidiary services to education
14.5 SOCIAL PROTECTION
14.5.0 Social protection
40
Annex III
Classification of the functions of government (COFOG)21
COFOG is designed for classifying current transactions (such as consumption
expenditure, subsidies and current transfers), capital outlays (capital formation and
capital transfers) and acquisition of financial assets by general government and its subsectors.
Note: “CS” and “IS” denote collective services and individual services respectively.
01
GENERAL PUBLIC SERVICES
01.1
01.2
01.3
01.4
01.5
01.6
01.7
01.8
Executive and legislative organs, financial and fiscal affairs, external affairs (CS)
Foreign economic aid (CS)
General services (CS)
Basic research (CS)
R&D General public services (CS)
General public services n.e.c. (CS)
Public debt transactions (CS)
Transfers of a general character between different levels of government (CS)
02
DEFENCE
02.1
02.2
02.3
02.4
02.5
Military defence (CS)
Civil defence (CS)
Foreign military aid (CS)
R&D Defence (CS)
Defence n.e.c. (CS)
03
PUBLIC ORDER AND SAFETY
03.1
03.2
03.3
03.4
03.5
03.6
Police services (CS)
Fire-protection services (CS)
Law courts (CS)
Prisons (CS)
R&D Public order and safety (CS)
Public order and safety n.e.c. (CS)
04
ECONOMIC AFFAIRS
04.1
04.2
04.3
04.4
04.5
General economic, commercial and labour affairs (CS)
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting (CS)
Fuel and energy (CS)
Mining, manufacturing and construction (CS)
Transport (CS)
21
Source: Classification of Expenditure According to Purpose. United Nations, New York, 2000.
41
04.6
04.7
04.8
04.9
Communication (CS)
Other industries (CS)
R&D Economic affairs (CS)
Economic affairs n.e.c. (CS)
05
ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION
05.1
05.2
05.3
05.4
05.5
05.6
Waste management
Waste water management
Pollution abatement
Protection of biodiversity and landscape
R&D Environment protection
Environment protection n.e.c.
06
HOUSING AND COMMUNITY AMENITIES
06.1
06.2
06.3
06.4
06.5
06.6
Housing development (CS)
Community development (CS)
Water supply (CS)
Street lighting (CS)
R&D Housing and community amenities (CS)
Housing and community amenities n.e.c. (CS)
07
HEALTH
07.1
07.2
07.3
07.4
07.5
07.6
Medical products, appliances and equipment (IS)
Out-patient services (IS)
Hospital services (IS)
Public health services (IS)
R&D Health (CS)
Health n.e.c. (CS)
08
RECREATION, CULTURE AND RELIGION
08.1
08.2
08.3
08.4
08.5
08.6
Recreational and sporting services (IS)
Cultural services (IS)
Broadcasting and publishing services (CS)
Religious and other community services (CS)
R&D Recreation, culture and religion (CS)
Recreation, culture and religion n.e.c. (CS)
09
EDUCATION
09.1
09.2
09.3
Pre-primary and primary education (IS)
Secondary education (IS)
Post-secondary non-tertiary education (IS)
42
09.4
09.5
09.6
09.7
09.8
Tertiary education (IS)
Education not definable by level (IS0
Subsidiary services to education (IS)
R&D Education (CS)
Education n.e.c. (CS)
10
SOCIAL PROTECTION
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
Sickness and disability (IS)
Old age (IS)
Survivors (IS)
Family and children (IS)
Unemployment (IS)
Housing (IS)
Social exclusion n.e.c. (CS)
R&D Social protection (CS)
Social protection n.e.c. (CS)
43
Annex IV
Link between Indonesia’s Household Expenditure Survey (SUSENAS) and
ICP Basic Headings
Household Expenditure of Indonesia, 1999 (Billions of Rp)
ICP
Basic Headings
Description
Details
Basic Headings
Percentage of Percentage of
GDP
GDP
1.
HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION
758,233.6
68.95
1.1
FOOD,BEVERAGES,TOBACCO
463,255.6
42.12
1.1.1
FOOD
419,412.4
38.14
1.1.1.01
BREAD AND CEREALS
Rice (incl. Glutin. Rice; fresh corn
w.husk; dry shelled corn)
135,498.5
12.32
119,645.3
10.88
1.1.1.01.1
Unclassified glutinous rice
252.4
0.02
Unclassified fresh corn with husk
367.1
0.03
Unclassified dry shelled corn
1,743.6
0.16
1.1.1.01.2
Detail of
1.1.1.01.2
Detail of
1.1.1.01.2
Detail of
1.1.1.01.2
Flour and other cereals
1.1.1.01.3
Detail of
1.1.1.01.3
Detail of
1.1.1.01.3
Bread
1.1.1.01.4
Detail of
1.1.1.01.4
Other bakery products
1.1.1.01.5
Detail of
1.1.1.01.5
Detail of
1.1.1.01.5
Pasta products
1,468.3
0.13
wheat flour
1,124.2
0.10
rice meal
298.3
0.03
corn meal
45.9
0.00
3,647.8
0.33
ordinary bread
1,284.8
0.12
other bread
2,363.1
0.21
cookies
1,583.0
1,583.0
0.14
0.14
6,745.1
0.61
wheat noodle
183.5
0.02
instant noodle
6,309.2
0.57
44
Detail of
1.1.1.01.5
Detail of
1.1.1.01.5
rice noodle
114.7
0.01
macaroni
137.7
0.01
1.1.1.01.6
Detail of
1.1.1.01.6
Other cereal products
1.1.1.02
MEAT
16,862.8
1.53
1.1.1.02.1
Beef
4,267.3
0.39
413.0
0.04
-
-
others
45.9
45.9
Unclassified buffalo meat
-
0.00
0.00
1.1.1.02.2
Veal
1.1.1.02.3
Pork
940.6
0.09
1.1.1.02.4
Lamb, mutton and goat
298.3
0.03
1.1.1.02.5
Detail of
1.1.1.02.5
Detail of
1.1.1.02.5
Detail of
1.1.1.02.5
Poultry
9,314.6
0.85
1.1.1.02.8
Detail of
1.1.1.02.8
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1.1.1.02.8
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1.1.1.02.8
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1.1.1.02.8
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1.1.1.02.8
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1.1.1.02.8
Other meats and edible offal
1.1.1.02.9
Detail of
1.1.1.02.9
Detail of
1.1.1.02.9
Detail of
1.1.1.02.9
Detail of
1.1.1.02.9
Meat preparations
broiler meat
6,102.7
0.55
local chicken meat
3,097.2
0.28
other poultry meat
114.7
0.01
1,399.5
0.13
other meats
160.6
0.01
liver
298.3
0.03
innards excluding liver
160.6
0.01
trimming
481.8
0.04
bone (untrimmed)
206.5
0.02
others
91.8
0.01
229.4
0.02
dried meat
68.8
0.01
shredded fried meat
114.7
0.01
canned meat
22.9
0.00
others
22.9
0.00
45
1.1.1.03
FISH
41,090.1
3.74
1.1.1.03.1
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1.1.1.03.1
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1.1.1.03.1
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1.1.1.03.1
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1.1.1.03.1
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1.1.1.03.1
Fresh, or frozen fish
28,242.3
2.57
1.1.1.03.3
Detail of
1.1.1.03.3
Detail of
1.1.1.03.3
Detail of
1.1.1.03.3
Detail of
1.1.1.03.3
Detail of
1.1.1.03.3
Fresh, or frozen seafood
1.1.1.03.5
Detail of
1.1.1.03.5
Detail of
1.1.1.03.5
Detail of
1.1.1.03.5
Detail of
1.1.1.03.5
yellow tail/fusiliers
940.6
0.09
eastern tuna
4,175.5
0.38
mackerel
642.4
0.06
travallies
1,651.9
0.15
indian mackerel
4,175.5
0.38
anchovies
1,147.1
0.10
milk fish
2,592.5
0.24
snake head
1,812.5
0.16
mozambique tilapia
2,409.0
0.22
common carp
1,950.1
0.18
catfish
1,009.5
0.09
barramundi
298.3
0.03
marine fish ("baronang")
114.7
0.01
others
5,322.7
0.48
2,730.2
0.25
shrimp
1,789.5
0.16
common squid/cuttle fish
481.8
0.04
mud crab/ swim crab
137.7
0.01
cockle/ snail
183.5
0.02
others
Dried, preserved processed fish and
seafood
137.7
0.01
indian mackerel
1,124.2
0.10
mackerel
160.6
0.01
eastern tuna/skipjack tuna
825.9
0.08
anchovies
3,143.1
0.29
10,117.7
0.92
46
Detail of
1.1.1.03.5
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1.1.1.03.5
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1.1.1.03.5
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1.1.1.03.5
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1.1.1.03.5
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1.1.1.03.5
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1.1.1.03.5
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1.1.1.03.5
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1.1.1.03.5
travallies
688.3
0.06
snake skin gourame
940.6
0.09
milk fishes
275.3
0.03
snake head
321.2
0.03
canned fish
137.7
0.01
others
2,225.4
0.20
shrimps
137.7
0.01
common squids
68.8
0.01
others
68.8
0.01
1.1.1.04
MILK, CHEESE AND EGGS
21,474.2
1.95
1.1.1.04.1
Fresh milk
Preserved milk (incl.
sweet canned liq. milk;
canned and baby powd.
milk)
183.5
0.02
1.1.1.04.2
7,708.7
0.70
Unclassified sweet canned liquid milk
2,684.3
0.24
Unclassified canned powder milk
2,684.3
0.24
Unclassified baby powder milk
2,179.5
0.20
1.1.1.04.3
Other milk products
68.8
0.01
1.1.1.04.4
Cheese
45.9
0.00
1.1.1.04.5
Detail of
1.1.1.04.5
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1.1.1.04.5
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1.1.1.04.5
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1.1.1.04.5
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1.1.1.04.5
Detail of
1.1.1.04.5
Eggs
13,467.2
1.22
1.1.1.05
OILS AND FATS
broiler egg
10,117.7
0.92
local chicken egg
1,858.3
0.17
duck egg
986.5
0.09
quail egg
68.8
0.01
other egg
91.8
0.01
(salted) egg
344.1
0.03
22,391.9
2.04
47
1.1.1.05.1
1.1.1.05.5
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1.1.1.05.5
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1.1.1.05.5
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1.1.1.05.5
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1.1.1.05.5
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1.1.1.05.5
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1.1.1.05.5
Butter
Margarine and other edible oils and
fats
-
-
-
margarine
229.4
0.02
coconut oil
7,181.0
0.65
corn oil
68.8
0.01
other frying oil
8,787.0
0.80
coconut
6,056.8
0.55
others
68.8
0.01
22,391.9
2.04
1.1.1.06
FRUIT AND VEGETABLES
63,596.6
5.78
1.1.1.06.1
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1.1.1.06.1
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1.1.1.06.1
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1.1.1.06.1
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1.1.1.06.1
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1.1.1.06.1
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1.1.1.06.1
Detail of
Fresh fruit
15,233.8
1.39
orange
2,431.9
0.22
mango
298.3
0.03
apple
642.4
0.06
avocado
229.4
0.02
rambutan
2,156.6
0.20
lanzon
68.8
0.01
durian
298.3
0.03
zalacca
848.9
0.08
pineapple
298.3
0.03
banana ("ambon")
1,927.2
0.18
banana ("raja")
917.7
0.08
other banana
2,409.0
0.22
papaya
1,422.4
0.13
rose apple
137.7
0.01
sapodilla
91.8
0.01
carambola
spanish plum
45.9
0.00
48
1.1.1.06.1
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1.1.1.06.1
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1.1.1.06.1
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1.1.1.06.1
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1.1.1.06.1
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1.1.1.06.1
1.1.1.06.2
Detail of
1.1.1.06.2
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1.1.1.06.2
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1.1.1.06.2
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1.1.1.06.2
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1.1.1.06.2
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1.1.1.06.2
1.1.1.06.3
1.1.1.06.4
Detail of
1.1.1.06.4
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1.1.1.06.4
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1.1.1.06.4
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1.1.1.06.4
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1.1.1.06.4
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1.1.1.06.4
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1.1.1.06.4
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1.1.1.06.4
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1.1.1.06.4
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1.1.1.06.4
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1.1.1.06.4
Detail of
91.8
0.01
water melon
275.3
0.03
melon
68.8
0.01
jackfruit
252.4
0.02
tomato
160.6
0.01
others
160.6
0.01
Dried fruit and nuts
2,454.8
0.22
peanuts without shell
917.7
0.08
peanuts with shell
367.1
0.03
soybean
114.7
0.01
mungbean
734.2
0.07
cashew nut
45.9
0.00
other bean
Frozen and preserved fruit and fruit
juices
275.3
0.03
-
-
Fresh vegetables
45,885.0
4.17
spinach
2,202.5
0.20
swamp cabbage
2,409.0
0.22
cabbage
1,124.2
0.10
chinese cabbage
367.1
0.03
darker colored mustard greens
550.6
0.05
beans
665.3
0.06
string bean
2,730.2
0.25
tomato
1,743.6
0.16
carrot
504.7
0.05
cucumber
757.1
0.07
cassava leaf
1,766.6
0.16
aubergine
bean sprout
1,170.1
0.11
49
1.1.1.06.4
Detail of
1.1.1.06.4
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1.1.1.06.4
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1.1.1.06.4
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1.1.1.06.4
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1.1.1.06.4
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1.1.1.06.4
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1.1.1.06.4
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1.1.1.06.4
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1.1.1.06.4
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1.1.1.06.4
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1.1.1.06.4
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1.1.1.06.4
Detail of
1.1.1.06.4
711.2
0.06
squash
390.0
0.04
unripe corn
160.6
0.01
soup/ stir-fried vegetables
1,284.8
0.12
sour vegetable soup
1,468.3
0.13
young jackfruit
596.5
0.05
unripe papaya
390.0
0.04
mushroom
114.7
0.01
petai beans
183.5
0.02
stink beans
413.0
0.04
shallot
6,951.6
0.63
garlic
2,409.0
0.22
chillies
7,112.2
0.65
green chilli
757.1
0.07
cayenne pepper
6,079.8
0.55
others
871.8
0.08
1.1.1.06.8
Detail of
1.1.1.06.8
Dried, frozen, preserved vegetables
1.1.1.07
POTATOES AND TUBERS
5,735.6
0.52
1.1.1.07.1
Detail of
1.1.1.07.1
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1.1.1.07.1
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1.1.1.07.1
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1.1.1.07.1
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1.1.1.07.1
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1.1.1.07.1
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1.1.1.07.1
Potatoes and other tubers
5,735.6
0.52
canned vegetable
22.9
22.9
0.00
0.00
potatoes
1,422.4
0.13
cassava
2,454.9
0.22
sweet potato
894.8
0.08
sago flour
275.3
0.03
taro
160.6
0.01
dried cassava
114.7
0.01
flour dried cassava
229.4
0.02
50
Detail of
1.1.1.07.1
Detail of
1.1.1.07.1
cassava flour
91.8
0.01
others
91.8
0.01
1.1.1.07.2
Potato products
-
1.1.1.08
SUGAR
14,362.0
1.31
1.1.1.08.1
Detail of
1.1.1.08.1
Detail of
1.1.1.08.1
Raw and refined sugar
14,362.0
1.31
1.1.1.09
COFFEE, TEA AND COCOA
7,892.2
0.72
1.1.1.09.1
Detail of
1.1.1.09.1
Coffee
5,230.9
0.48
1.1.1.09.2
Tea
2,546.6
0.23
1.1.1.09.3
Detail of
1.1.1.09.3
Detail of
1.1.1.09.3
Cocoa
114.7
0.01
1.1.1.10
OTHER FOODS
90,508.4
8.23
1.1.1.10.1
Detail of
1.1.1.10.1
Detail of
1.1.1.10.1
Jams, jellies, honey and syrups
665.4
0.06
1.1.1.10.5
Detail of
1.1.1.10.5
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1.1.1.10.5
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1.1.1.10.5
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1.1.1.10.5
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1.1.1.10.5
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1.1.1.10.5
-
-
cane sugar/ granulate sugar
13,100.2
1.19
brown sugar/ palm sugar
1,261.8
0.11
powdered/ bean coffee
5,230.9
0.48
instant cocoa
68.8
0.01
powdered cocoa
45.9
0.00
syrup
504.7
0.05
others beverage stuff
Salt, spices, condiments and food
n.e.c
160.6
0.01
salt
1,560.1
0.14
monosodium glutamate
1,950.1
0.18
candle nut
1,101.2
0.10
corriander
780.0
0.07
pepper
1,101.2
0.10
tamarind
780.0
0.07
86,975.2
7.91
51
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1.1.1.10.5
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1.1.1.10.5
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1.1.1.10.5
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1.1.1.10.5
nutmeg
45.9
0.00
clove
22.9
0.00
soya sauce
1,812.5
0.16
chille sauce/ tomato sauce
252.4
0.02
spice
275.3
0.03
other spice
986.5
0.09
fish paste
1,445.4
0.13
tofu, soybean curd
6,401.0
0.58
fermented soybean cake
8,098.7
0.74
fermented soybean paste
68.8
0.01
fermented soya cake
160.6
0.01
others food of bean
22.9
0.00
crisps
1,904.2
0.17
fried crisps
481.8
0.04
sea weed
137.7
0.01
porridge in package
206.5
0.02
others
68.8
0.01
boil or steam cake
3,739.6
0.34
fried food
6,079.8
0.55
porridge of mungbean
894.8
0.08
kind of salad with peanut sauce
a plate of rice accompanied by a
mixture of dishes
3,120.2
0.28
15,073.2
1.37
fried rice
1,376.6
0.13
rice ("steamed")
rice steamed in a banana leaf or
coconut leaf
1,101.2
0.10
1,789.5
0.16
soup
2,569.6
0.23
roastedmeat on skewer
1,238.9
0.11
52
Detail of
1.1.1.10.5
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1.1.1.10.5
1.1.1.10.6
Detail of
1.1.1.10.6
Detail of
1.1.1.10.6
noodle (with meat ball/ boiled/ fried) 10,002.9
0.91
instant noodle ("mixed")
458.9
0.04
snack for children
3,579.0
0.33
fish (fried, roasted,etc)
894.8
0.08
chicken/ meat (fried, roasted, etc)
1,124.2
0.10
other prepared food
Chocolate, confectionery and ice
cream
4,267.3
0.39
ice cream
413.0
0.04
other ice
2,454.9
0.22
2,867.8
0.26
1.1.2
NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
4,267.3
0.39
1.1.2.01.1
Detail of
1.1.2.01.1
Mineral water
367.1
0.03
1.1.2.01.2
Detail of
1.1.2.01.2
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1.1.2.01.2
Detail of
1.1.2.01.2
Detail of
1.1.2.01.2
Detail of
1.1.2.01.2
Soft drinks
1.1.3
ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
390.0
0.04
1.1.3.01.1
Spirits and liqueurs
-
-
1.1.3.01.3
Beer
114.7
0.01
1.1.3.01.5
Detail of
1.1.3.01.5
Detail of
1.1.3.01.5
Wine and other alcoholic beverages
275.3
0.03
1.1.4
TOBACCO
water in container
367.1
0.03
3,900.2
0.35
tea in container
252.4
0.02
essence of fruit in container
45.9
0.00
health drink
114.7
0.01
CO2 drink
344.1
0.03
other drinks (coffee, milk, etc)
3,143.1
0.29
wine
45.9
0.00
other alcoholic beverage
229.4
0.02
39,185.8
3.56
53
1.1.4.01.1
Cigarettes (incl. clove filter and nonfilter)
37,075.1
3.37
Unclassified clove filter cigarettes
24,823.8
2.26
Unclassified clove non filter cigarettes
9,475.3
0.86
1.1.4.02.1
Detail of
1.1.4.02.1
Detail of
1.1.4.02.1
Detail of
1.1.4.02.1
Other tobacco products
1.2
CLOTHING AND FOOTWARE
31,349.3
2.85
1.2.1
CLOTHING
24,685.8
2.24
1.2.1.01.1
Men's clothing
7,879.3
0.72
1.2.1.01.2
Ladies' clothing
8,498.8
0.77
1.2.1.01.5
Clothing materials and accessories
1,140.5
0.10
1.2.1.01.6
Children's and Infants' clothing
Repair and maintenance of clothing
(incl. clothes maint. material)
6,269.9
0.57
897.4
0.08
1.2.1.02.1
2,110.7
0.19
tobacco
1,284.8
0.12
betel/ areca nut
435.9
0.04
others
390.0
0.04
Unclassified clothes maintenance material
463.1
0.04
1.2.2
FOOTWEAR
6,663.5
0.61
1.2.2.01.1
Men's footwear
2,634.1
0.24
1.2.2.01.2
Ladies' footwear
2,228.9
0.20
1.2.2.01.3
Children's and Infants' footwear
1,800.5
0.16
1.2.2.02.1
Repairs to footwear
-
-
1.3
RENTS, FUEL AND POWER
119,630.8
10.88
81,021.8
7.37
78,034.5
7.10
1.3.1
1.3.1.01.0
Detail of
1.3.1.01.0
GROSS RENTS AND WATER
CHARGES
Gross rents, incl. Repair and
maintenance
imputed house rent
65,737.9
5.98
54
Detail of
1.3.1.01.0
Detail of
1.3.1.01.0
Detail of
1.3.1.01.0
Detail of
1.3.1.01.0
house contract
3,902.0
0.35
house rent
3,392.6
0.31
lease purchase, official rent and etc
2,587.8
0.24
house maintenance cost
2,414.2
0.22
1.3.1.02.1
Water charges
2,987.3
0.27
1.3.2
FUEL AND POWER
38,609.0
3.51
1.3.2.01.1
Electricity
13,454.4
1.22
1.3.2.02.0
Gas
75.3
0.01
1.3.2.03.1
Detail of
1.3.2.03.1
Detail of
1.3.2.03.1
Detail of
1.3.2.03.1
Detail of
1.3.2.03.1
Liquid fuels for heating and lighting
11,549.7
1.05
1.3.2.04.1
Detail of
1.3.2.04.1
Detail of
1.3.2.04.2
Detail of
1.3.2.04.3
Coal, firewood and other fuels
kerosene
9,205.0
0.84
liquified pressured gas
fuel (gasoline, diesel oil, kerosene)
for generator
2,142.1
0.19
167.9
0.02
lubricant for generator
34.7
0.00
13,529.6
1.23
charcoal
92.6
0.01
firewood and other fuel
others (battery, accu, matches,
mosquito repellent, etc)
7,960.3
0.72
5,476.7
0.50
1.4
FURNITURE, HOUSEHOLD
EQUIPMENT AND OPERATION
39,442.7
3.59
1.4.1
FURNITURE, FLOOR
COVERINGS, INCL. REPAIRS
2,668.9
0.24
1.4.1.01.1
Furniture and fixtures
2,466.3
0.22
1.4.1.01.2
Floor coverings
Repairs to furniture and floor
coverings
-
-
202.6
0.02
665.8
0.06
665.8
0.06
1.4.1.02.1
1.4.2
1.4.2.01.1
Detail of
HOUSEHOLD TEXTILES, INCL.
REPAIRS
Household textiles an other
furnishings
household furnishings
-
55
1.4.2.01.1
Detail of
1.4.2.01.1
1.4.2.01.2
decoration stuff
Repairs to household textiles
1.4.3
MAJOR HOUSEHOLD
APPLIANCES, INCL. REPAIRS
1.4.3.01.1
532.6
0.05
133.2
0.01
1,314.1
0.12
-
-
-
1.4.3.01.2
Refrigerators, freezers
Washing machine, driers,
dishwashers
-
-
-
1.4.3.01.3
Cooking appliances
-
-
-
1.4.3.01.4
Heaters and air-conditioners
-
-
-
1.4.3.01.5
Vacuum cleaners, polishers etc
-
-
-
1.4.3.01.6
Other major household appliances
Repairs to major household
appliances
1,314.1
0.12
-
-
2,964.1
0.27
2,964.1
0.27
1.4.3.02.1
1.4.4
1.4.4.01.0
Detail of
1.4.4.01.0
Detail of
1.4.4.01.0
1.4.4.02.1
1.4.5
1.4.5.01.1
Detail of
1.4.5.01.1
Detail of
1.4.5.01.1
Detail of
1.4.5.01.1
Detail of
1.4.5.01.1
Detail of
1.4.5.01.1
-
GLASSWARE, TABLEWARE
AND UTENSILS, INCL. REPAIRS
Glassware, tableware and household
utensils
household utensils
851.0
kitchen utensils
2,113.1
Repairs to glassware, tableware and
household utensils
-
HOUSEHOLD OPERATION
Household cleaning and maintenance
products
0.19
-
-
27,070.9
2.46
27,070.9
2.46
laundry soap
8,961.9
0.81
toilet soap, tooth paste and shampo
10,826.1
0.98
cosmetic articles
4,990.4
0.45
care of skin, face, hair, etc
1,870.0
0.17
1.4.5.02.0
others (tissue, champor, etc)
422.6
Paper products and other non-durable
household goods
Laundry and other household
services
-
1.4.6
DOMESTIC SERVICES
1.4.5.01.2
0.08
0.04
-
-
-
-
56
1.4.6.01.1
Detail of
1.4.6.01.1
Detail of
1.4.6.01.1
1.5
1.5.1
Domestic services
4,758.9
0.43
4,758.9
0.43
domestic servant & driver
4,000.4
0.36
other servants
758.4
0.07
MEDICAL CARE AND HEALTH
SERVICES
MEDICAL CARE AND
PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS
13,315.4
1.21
2,726.8
0.25
2,726.8
0.25
1.5.1.01.1
Detail of
1.5.1.01.1
Detail of
1.5.1.01.1
Drugs and medical preparations
take medicine with recipe
978.4
self treatment/ take medicine without
recipe
1,748.4
0.09
1.5.1.02.1
Other medical supplies
-
0.16
-
1.5.2.00.0
THERAPEUTIC APPLIANCES
AND EQUIPMENT
Therapeutic appliances and
equipment
1.5.3
MEDICAL SERVICES OUTSIDE
HOSPITALS
3,485.1
0.32
1.5.3.03.1
Services of dentists
-
-
1.5.3.04.2
Services of nurses
926.3
0.08
1.5.3.07.0
Services of physicians
1,563.1
0.14
1.5.3.08.0
Detail of
1.5.3.08.0
Detail of
1.5.3.08.0
Detail of
1.5.3.08.0
Detail of
1.5.3.08.0
Detail of
1.5.3.08.0
Other medical services and analyses
995.8
0.09
1.5.4
HOSPITAL CARE
Hospital care (incl. pregnancy exam
up to take care of health)
1.5.2
1.5.4.00.0
Detail of
1.5.4.00.0
-
-
-
-
public health center
428.4
0.04
subsidiary public health center
173.7
0.02
clinics
115.8
0.01
weighting post/ cadre
23.2
0.00
traditional healer practitioner
254.7
0.02
public hospital
1,563.1
7,103.5
0.65
7,103.5
0.65
0.14
57
Detail of
1.5.4.00.0
private hospital
1,939.4
0.18
Unclassified pregnancy examination
243.2
0.02
Unclassified childbird cost
1,314.2
0.12
Unclassified under fives immunization cost
92.6
0.01
Unclassified contraception cost
891.6
0.08
Unclassified take care of health (vitamin, etc)
1,059.4
0.10
1.6
TRANSPORT AND
COMMUNICATION
44,849.9
4.08
1.6.1
PERSONAL TRANSPORT
EQUIPMENT
9,239.8
0.84
1.6.1.01.1
Passenger vehicles
9,239.8
0.84
1.6.1.02.1
Motor cycles and bicycles
-
-
1.6.2
OPERATION OF TRANSPORT
EQUIPMENT
12,713.4
1.16
1.6.2.01.1
Tires, parts and accessories
-
-
1.6.2.01.2
Maintenance and repair services
1,829.4
0.17
1.6.2.02.1
Detail of
1.6.2.02.1
Detail of
1.6.2.02.1
Detail of
1.6.2.02.1
Motor fuels and oils
10,884.0
0.99
gasoline
8,383.0
0.76
diesel oil
237.4
0.02
2,263.6
0.21
1.6.2.03.1
lubricant
Other expenses related to personal
transport
1.6.3
PURCHASED TRANSPORT
SERVICES
-
-
15,341.8
1.40
15,341.8
1.40
-
-
1.6.3.02.2
Local transport
Long-distance transport by road and
rail
Long-distance transport by air and
sea
-
-
1.6.3.03.1
Other purchased transport services
-
-
1.6.4
COMMUNICATION
7,555.0
0.69
1.6.3.01.1
1.6.3.02.1
58
1.6.4.01.1
1.6.4.02.1
Postal services
Telephone, telegraph and telex
services
1.7
RECREATION,
ENTERTAINMENT AND
EDUCATION
22,977.9
2.09
1.7.1
RECREATIONAL EQUIPMENT
AND ACCESSORIES
2,269.5
0.21
1.7.1.01.0
Radio, TV, and audio equipment
1,823.6
0.17
1.7.1.02.1
Photographic equipment
-
-
1.7.1.02.2
Other durable recreational goods
249.0
0.02
1.7.1.03.0
Other recreational goods
Parts and repairs to recreational
goods
196.9
0.02
-
-
683.1
0.06
-
-
683.1
0.06
5,540.4
0.50
5,540.4
0.50
1.7.1.04.1
1.7.2
1.7.2.01.1
1.7.2.02.0
1.7.3
1.7.3.01.0
Detail of
1.7.3.01.0
Detail of
1.7.3.01.0
Detail of
1.7.3.01.0
ENTERTAINMENT, RECREATIONAL AND
CULTURAL SERVICES
Cinemas, sport stadiums, museums,
zoos etc
Recreational and sporting activities,
rental and subscription
BOOKS, NEWSPAPERS AND
OTHER PRINTED MATTER
Books, newspapers and other printed
matter
521.0
0.05
7,034.0
0.64
text books
2,396.8
0.22
stationery
news papers, magazines, books &
stationeries
1,574.7
0.14
1,568.9
0.14
1.7.4
EDUCATION SERVICES
14,484.9
1.32
1.7.4.00.0
Detail of
1.7.4.00.0
Detail of
1.7.4.00.0
Detail of
1.7.4.00.0
Detail of
1.7.4.00.0
Education Services
14,484.9
1.32
entrance fee
2,107.3
0.19
school fee
10,716.1
0.97
other school contribution
1,279.4
0.12
non formal education cost
382.1
0.03
59
1.8
MISCELLANEOUS GOODS AND
SERVICES
23,412.1
2.13
-
-
1.8.1.01.1
PERSONAL CARE AND EFFECTS
Services of hairdressers and beauty
shops
-
-
1.8.1.02.0
Toilet articles
-
-
1.8.1
GOODS NOT ELSEWHERE
CLASSIFIED
5,054.1
Jewellry, watches and their repair (incl. dom. animal
& plant; other dur. Goods)
3,357.8
watch, clock, camera, glasses &
repair
266.3
0.02
jewelry & repair
1,777.3
0.16
Unclassified domestic animal & plant
845.2
0.08
Unclassified other durable goods
468.9
0.04
1.8.2
1.8.2.01.1
Detail of
1.8.2.01.0
Detail of
1.8.2.01.1
0.46
0.31
1.8.2.02.0
Detail of
1.8.2.02.0
Detail of
1.8.2.02.0
Detail of
1.8.2.02.0
Personal accessories n.e.c
head gear for men, women &
children
1,696.3
0.15
590.5
0.05
others (towel, belt, shoe polish, etc)
752.6
0.07
toys & repaire, imitation jewelry
353.1
0.03
1.8.2.03.1
Writing and drawing supplies
-
-
1.8.3
RESTAURANTS AND HOTELS
-
-
1.8.3.01.0
Restaurants, cafes and staff canteens
-
-
1.8.3.02.1
Hotels and other loging places
-
-
1.8.4
WELFARE SERVICES
11,549.7
1.05
1.8.4.00.0
Detail of
1.8.4.00.0
Detail of
1.8.4.00.0
Detail of
1.8.4.00.0
Detail of
1.8.4.00.0
Detail of
Welfare services
11,549.7
1.05
wedding
2,061.0
0.19
circumcision, birthday
636.8
0.06
religious festival
5,592.5
0.51
pilgrimage cost
traditional ceremony
1,881.5
0.17
60
1.8.4.00.0
Detail of
1.8.4.00.0
862.6
0.08
funeral
515.3
0.05
1.8.5
FINANCIAL SERVICES
642.6
0.06
1.8.5.01.1
Charges for finansial services n.e.c
642.6
0.06
1.8.6
SERVICES N.E.C
6,165.6
0.56
1.8.6.01.1
Detail of
1.8.6.01.1
Detail of
1.8.6.01.1
Detail of
1.8.6.01.1
Detail of
1.8.6.01.1
Detail of
1.8.6.01.1
Fee for other services n.e.c
6,165.6
0.56
maintenance/ service of generator
17.4
0.00
building & land tax
1,846.8
0.17
tax on tv, etc
motor vehicle & non motor vehicle
tax
972.6
0.09
2,147.8
0.20
other contributions
1,181.0
0.11
1.9
NET PURCHASES ABROAD BY
RESIDENTS
-
-
1.9.1.01.1
Net purchases abroad by residents
-
-
61