Chapter Notes
Kingdom Animalia
All animals are _____________________ and can not make their own ______________.
Most animals can move from place to place. Animals are divided into two main groups
______________________ and ____________________________.
Animals that have backbones are called _______________________.
Animals that do not have backbones are called __________________.
Most animals are Invertebrates.
The simplest animals belong to Phylum Porifera. An example of an
animal in this phylum is the _______________________. Characteristics of poriferans
are:
1. They are invertebrates.
2. Two cell layers. There is a jellylike substance in between the layers.
3. Some sponges have small needlelike structures called spicules that give
support.
4. Some spicules are made up of a flexible substance called spongin.
5. Sponges eat by filter feeding.
6. The word poriferan means many openings or pores.
7. Sponges reproduce both sexually and asexually. Asexually they carry out
budding and regeneration.
Phylum Cnidaria
These animals are also called coelenterates.
Characteristics of Cnidarians are:
1. They are invertebrates.
2. Made up of two tissue layers. The inner layer is called the endoderm
and the outer layer is called the ectoderm.
3. They have a hollow body with one opening.
4. They have tentacles with stinging cells
called nematocysts.
5. There are two body forms. The tube shaped body form is called the
polyp and the umbrella shaped body form is called the
medusa.
6. Cnidarians reproduce sexually and also asexually by budding.
7. Examples of cnidarians are: jellyfish, coral, sea anemone and hydra.
Phylum Platyhelminthes
These animals are flatworms.
Characteristics of Platyhelminthes are:
1. Invertebrates
2. Flat body.
3. Three tissue layers (endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm).
4. Organs and organ systems.
5. Distinct head and tail.
6. One opening
7. Some are parasites and some are free living.
Examples:
Planaria
1. These worms are free living.
2. They have a digestive system with the following organs:
a.
b.
c.
3. They have a nervous system with the following organs:
a.
b.
c.
4. They have a reproductive system with both male and female organs.
They also reproduce asexually by _________________________.
Flukes
1. These worms are parasites and live in the liver and blood of the host.
Tapeworms
1.
These worms are parasites and live in the intestines of vertebrates.
Phylum Nematoda
These animals are the round worms.
Characteristics of Nematodes are:
1. Invertebrates
2. They have a smooth, cylinder shaped body pointed at both ends.
3. Tube-like digestive system.
4. Two openings (mouth and anus)
5. Some are parasites and some are free living.
6. The sexes are separate (male and female worms).
Examples:
1.
2.
3.
Phylum Annelida
These animals are the segmented worms.
Characteristics of annelids are:
1. Invertebrates
2. Body made up of segments.
3. Three tissue layers
4. Organ systems.
5. Digestive system with two openings.
Examples:
1.
2.
3.
Phylum Mollusca
Characteristics of mollusks are:
1. Invertebrate
2. Soft bodies.
3. Usually covered by a hard shell.
4. Thick muscular foot.
5. Thin membrane called a mantle covers the soft body.
6. Organ systems.
Examples:
Gastropoda One shelled mollusks (univalves or stomach-footed)
These animals have a tongue like organ called a radula.
1.
2.
Bivalvia Two shelled (bivalves or hatchet-footed)
These animals are filter feeders.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Cephalopoda Head- footed mollusks (foot is modified as tentacles on the head)
These animals use tentacles and suction cups to get prey.
1. octopus- no shell
2. nautilus- large outer shell
3. squid- small internal shell
Chitons (primitive mollusks with a shell made up of plates)
Phylum Echinodermata
These are the spiny skinned animals. Characteristics of echinoderms are:
1. Invertebrate
2. These animals have an internal skeleton called an endoskeleton.
3. Echinoderms have radial symmetry.
4. Most have arms or rays around a central point.
5. They have a nervous system but do not have a brain.
6. Movement and respiration are controlled by the water vascular system.
7. The water vascular system controls the tube feet. These have suction cups that are
used to move across the ocean floor and also for eating.
8. Some echinoderms invert their stomach when they feed.
Examples:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Phylum Arthropoda
Arthropods make up the largest group of animals.
Characteristics of arthropods are:
1. Invertebrates
2. Arthropods are covered by an outer skeleton called a exoskeleton.
3. These animals have jointed legs and a segmented body.
4. The exoskeleton is made up of a tough material called chiton.
5. The exoskeleton is made up of nonliving material and has to be shed in order for the
animal to grow.
6. Arthropods are divided into several groups based on number of legs.
Examples are separated into classes.
Class Crustacea
1. These animals have _____________ pairs of legs.
2. The most anterior pair are modified as ___________________.
3. They are found in _______________ and on _____________.
4. Crustaceans breathe by _________________.
5. They have _____________ eyes and two pairs of ________________ for
touch, taste, balance and smell.
6. They have mouth parts called ________________ for eating.
Examples of Crustaceans are:
Class Arachnida
1. Arachnids have two main body parts a cephalothorax and abdomen.
2. They have ________________ pairs of walking legs.
3. They have _________________ pairs of _______________ eyes.
4. Arachnids breathe by ______________________ and have no ___________.
5. They live on _______________.
Examples of arachnids are:
Myriapods
Centipedes
1. Long body with many _______________________.
2. They have _______________ and _______________as sensory
organs.
3. Centipedes have ____________ pair of legs attached to each segment.
4.
They have ____________________ to catch their prey.
Millipedes
1. Long body with many________________________.
2. Antennae and simple eyes.
3. They have ______________ pairs of legs per segment.
4. They have no poison claws because they eat ___________.
Class Insecta
1. Insects make up the largest group of _______________________.
2. Insects have three main body parts: ________________________________.
3. They have _________________ pair of legs.
4. Most insects have _____________________.
5. They have well developed sensory organs:
_______________________________________________________
6
They have specialized ___________________________.
7. Insects breathe through openings called _________________________.
8. Some insects can hear through a structure called the ____________________.
9.
Insects have many _____________________________ for survival.
10. Some insects live in colonies and are called ________________ insects.
11. Insects carry out _______________ reproduction.
12. They go through stages of development called ________________________.
13. There are two types of metamorphosis:
Complete metamorphosis:
Incomplete metamorphosis:
Examples:
1.