Earth Environments: Past, Present, and Future – Weblinks
Chapter 4 – Moisture in the Atmosphere
4.1 – Weathering Processes and Landforms
Biogeochemistry of Small Catchments
http://www.icsu-scope.org/downloadpubs/scop51/contents.html
Online book by expert authors.
Weathering
http://www.facstaff.gpc/edu/~pgore/geology/geo101/Weather.htm
Definitions, images and descriptions of types.
Weathering Processes Animations
http://www.uky/AS?Geology/howell/goodies/learning/module07swf.swf
Animations of weathering processes.
Rock Type and Weathering
http:///stonecareteachiniques.com/8_htm
Effects of rock types on weathering of stone.
Gravestone Weathering
http://www.envf.port.ac.uk/geo/inkpenr/gravestone.htm
Methods, bibliography, data and description of gravestone weathering.
Weathering and Gravestones in London from University College, London
http://www.es.ucl.ac.uk/schools/Pancras/intro_weathering.htm
Descriptions and sites.
Weathering Images
http://www.nicholas.duke.edu/eos/geo41/wea.htm
Slides provided by Duncan Heron at Duke University.
Weathering and Soil
http://uh.edu/~jbutler/physical/chapter6.html
Weathering and soil PowerPoint slides and a virtual field trip of Enchanted Rock, an example of an
exfoliation dome.
Weathering Mantles
http://www.geocities/com/earthhistory/sap.htm
Descriptions and images of weathering mantles, ferricretes, saprolites and laterites.
4.2 – Mass Movements and Slope Processes
European Mediterranean Workshop on Disaster Reduction
http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/majorhazards/Source/Paphos/BEsafenet_Maquaire_presentationPaphos.pdf
European Centre for Geomorphological Hazards at Strasbourg website on Disaster Awareness with
the use of the internet: excellent on landslides.
Landslides
http://www.geology.usgs.gov.index.htm
Mass Movement from Earth Science Australia organisation
http://www.earthsci.org/processes/geopro/massmov/massmov.html
Information and images of various mass movement types.
4.3 – Fluvial Processes and Landforms
Sampling Techniques for Gravels
http://www.stream.fs.fed.us/publications/PDFS/rmrs_gtr74.pdf
Comprehensive 450pp publication covering all aspects of sampling gravels.
Drainage Basin Simulation and Floodplain and Meandering Stream Modelling from University of
Virginia
http://www.erode.evsc.virginia/edu
Resources and lectures.
Sediment Transport by Water from Durham University
http://www.dur.ac.uk/l.j.bracken/D_SEDT.PPT
Theories and equations related to Sediment Transport.
Little River Research & Design, Carbondale, Illinois
http://www.emriver.com
Contains excellent animations and video clips showing river processes in action.
Virtual River
http://www.sciencecourseware.com/VirtualRiver
The Geology Labs On-line Project supported in part by grants from the U.S. National Science
Foundation and the California State University System. Two online interactive exercises in
calculation of River discharge and River flooding.
Groundwater and Surface Water from the United States Geological Survey
http://www.pubs.usga/gov/circ/circ1139
Circular discussing the interaction between groundwater and surface waters and the human
influence upon this system.
Groundwater and its Sustainability from the United States Geological Survey
http://www.pubs.usgsgov/circ/circ1186
Circular on groundwater, its uses and sustainability.
Hydrographs from the University of Texas, Dallas
http://www.utdallas.edu/~brinow/Teaching/Applied_Modeling/SurfaceWater/LectureNotes/Hyd
rographs/hydrographs.html
Definitions of the hydrograph components and types.
Throughflow and Groundwater Storage
http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8m.html
Surface Waters
http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/navigation/chapter13.cfm
Animations of the processes in fluvial geomorphology e.g. river erosion creating waterfalls; changes
in the channel of a meandering river; images, information.
Stream Ordering from NASA
http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/water/wqphysmethods.html
Definition of stream ordering, how it works and images of representative streams.
River Cross Sections, River Discharge and River Velocity
http://www.geography-site.co.uk/pages/skills/fieldwork/fluvial/cross.html
http://www.geography-site.co.uk/pages/skills/fieldwork/fluvial/disc.html
http://www.geography-site.co.uk/pages/skills/fieldwork/fluvial/vel.html
Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study
http://www.hubbard.brook.org
The foremost long-term catchment experiment in the United States, which included watershed
manipulation to examine the effects of forestry practice on water resources and quality.
UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology
http://www.ceh.ac.uk/products/CE/Publications H-All.html
Publications available to download including The Summer 2007 Floods in England and Wales-a
hydrological appraisal by Marsh,T. and Hannaford, J. (2008), IH Report 126 and The Effects of Upland
Afforestation on Water Resources : the Balquidder Experiment 1981-1991, IH report 116. And UK
National River Flow Archive at http://www.ceh.ac.uk/data/nrfa/index.html
Virtual Alps
http://virtualalps.co.uk
Online resource developed by Tim Stott and Anne-Marie Nuttall at Liverpool John Moores University.
Field sites, photos, video clips, datasets and student exercises, revision quizzes. Project funded by
Higher Education Academy Geography, Earth & Environmental Science Subject Centre.
4.4 – Carbonate Sedimentary Environments and Karst Processes and
Landforms
Cave Morph Atlas and information related to cave development and genesis
http://www.network.speleogenesis.info/directory.atlas/index.php
http://www.speleogenesis.info/archive/publications.php
http://speleogenesis.inf/www.karst/org/grotto/cave_links_a.html
Types of Cave Development
http://dyetracing.com/karst/ka01003.html
Virtual Field Trip to the Florida Keys with a focus on the sedimentary environments (mainly
modern and ancient carbonate environments
http://www.virtual-geology.info/vft.html
4.5 – Coastal Processes and Landforms
EUCC Coastal Guide from Leiden, the Netherlands
http://www.coastalguide.org/projects/index.html
Information service on coastal environments, ecosystems, management, other coastal links.
Coral Reef Conservation from US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
http://www.oceanservic.noaa.gov
Other aspects of coastal ecosystem science, coastal management and projects.
Coasts in Crisis from the United States Geological Survey
http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/c1075
Booklet on coastal change, pressures and conflicts in coastal management: USGS Circular 1975 by
Williams, S.J., Dodd, K. and Gohn, K.K.
Coastal Landforms from Hofstra University
http://www.people.hofstra.edu/J_B-Bennington/33notes/coastal_landforms.html
Covers lecture material and appropriate definitions.
Our Restless Tides from the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
http://www.tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/restles2.html
Detailed explanation of the astronomical forces that create tides and tidal currents.
Australia’s Estuaries and Coasts
http://www.ozcoasts.org.au
In depth descriptions of the different types of coastal morphology and satellite images of all
Australian estuaries and deltas; beach conceptual models and climate change fact sheets.
Deltaic Environments
http://www.uic.edu/classes/geol/eaes455/EaES455-4.ppt
PowerPoint presentation on deltas with images and diagrams of the various forms.
Sediment Transport and Beaches from Washington University
http://www.ocean.washington.edu/people/faculty/pasons/OCEANS310/transport.pdf
The basics of sediment transport processes and beaches, with diagrams and images.
4.6 – Glacial Processes and Landforms
Glacier Image Database
http://www.tvl1.geo.uc/edu/ice/imageref.html
A collection of photos illustrating the effects of glaciations on the Earth’s surface.
Geomorphology, Glaciers and Landscapes: a virtual lecture by Peter Knight (University of Keele)
http://www.petergknight.com/physicalgeography/lectures/Beaver2000/beaver00.html
A hypertext in Glaciers and Glacial geology from Montana State University
http://www.homepage.montana.edu/~geol445/hyperglac
National Snow and Ice Data Centre from the University of Colorado at Boulder
http://www.nsidc.org
Information, including an introduction to glaciers.
World Glacier Monitoring Service
http://www.geo.unizh.ch/wgms
News, data, information and links, with particular reference to glacier mass balance.
Satellite Image Atlas of Glaciers of the World from the United States Geological Survey
http://www.pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3056
Downloadable pdf introduction to the image atlas, sample images and updated glacier areas.
1996 Vatnajökull eruption
http://earth.esa.int/ew/volcanoes/vatnajakoll_is_96/_vo_vat.erup.htm
Illustrates the eruption and glacier outburst floods.
Glaciated Landscapes in Canada
http://www.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/landscapes/factsheets_e.php
The Canadian Geological Survey provide an image catalogue of Canadian landscapes that cover a
wide variety of glaciated landscapes and fact sheets.
Glacial Erosion
http://www.homepage.montana.edu/~geol445/hyperglac/eroproc1
From the University of Montana: a coverage of glacial erosional processes.
Glacial Erosion in the Kivalliq region, Nunavit, Canada
http://www.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/surf/Kivalliq/photo2_e.php
Images of glacial erosion landforms.
Glacial Deposition
http://www.hoepage.montana.edu/~geol445/hyperglac/depproc1/index.htm
From the University of Montana: a coverage of glacial depositional processes.
Glacial landforms
http://www.tv11.geo.uc.edu/ice/imageref.htm
Images from the University of Colorado.
Glaciers Online
http://www.swisseduc.ch/glaciers
Resource developed by Jürg Alean and Michael Hambrey.
Virtual Alps
http://virtualalps.co.uk
Online resource developed by Tim Stott and Anne-Marie Nuttall at Liverpool John Moores University.
Field sites, photos, video clips, datasets and student exercises, revision quizzes. Project funded by
Higher Education Academy Geography, Earth & Environmental Science Subject Centre.
4.7 – Periglacial Processes and Landforms
The Future of the Canadian permafrost
http://www.socc.ca/permafrost/permafrost_future_e.cfm /html
Permafrost at the Geological Survey of Canada with information on mapping, modelling and
monitoring of permafrost
http://www.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/permafrost/index_e.php
International Permafrost Association
http://www.ipa.arctiportal.org
For news on permafrost research, links to organisations undertaking permafrost research and a
picture gallery, videos and podcasts.
Periglacial Processes from Natural Resources Canada from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
http://www.sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/taxa/landscape/ground/yukon.html
Permafrost conditions and the effects of periglacial processes associated with permafrost affected
soils in the Yukon.
Patterned Ground Types in the North West Territories
http://www.sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/taxa/landscape/ground/nwt.html
Permafrost from Natural Resources Canada
http://www.adaptation.nrcan.gf.ca/sensitivities/2_e.php
Permafrost and climatic change, impacts and adaptations.
Natural Gas Hydrates from Natural Resources Canada
http://www.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/beaufort/hydrates.e.php
Terrain Features and processes in Permafrost Regions taken from “Environmental Atlas of the
Beaufort Coastlines”
http://www.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/beaufort/terrain_features_e.php
Permafrost Observed Climate Variability and Change from the International Panel on Climate
Change
http://www.grida.no.publications/other/ipcc_tar/?src=/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/063.html
Pop Goes the Pingo from Taiga Net
http://www.taiga.net/yourYukon/col171.html
Description of the formation and lifecycle of pingos.
US Army Permafrost Tunnel from the US Army Corps of Engineers
http://www.crrel.usace.army.mil/permafrosttunnel/index.html
Information on this project and research carried out on permafrost activities.
Periglacial Landscapes and Landforms in the Cairngorms, Scotland from Fettes School, Edinburgh
http://www.fettes.com/Cairngorms/periglacial.htm
4.8 – Aeolian Processes and Landforms
Deserts
http:///imgure=ux1.eiu.edu/~jpstimac/1300/deserts.html
A section on the desert types and terms for desert surfaces.
Deserts and Aeolian processes
http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/deserts/contents
Types of Sand Dunes from United States Geological Survey
http://www.pubs.usgs.gov/gip/deserts/dunes
Images and descriptions of many types of sand dunes.
The Geology of the Loess Hills, Iowa from the United States Geological Survey
http://www.pubs/usgs/info/loess
A case study of a loess environment.
Topography of Arid Lands
http://www.valdosta.edu/~cdenizma/personal/course2_files/Eolian/%20landforms.htm
Definitions of most terms and description of major landforming processes and landscapes.
Arid Climate Landscapes
http://www.tulane.edu
Definitions and classification of arid landscape topographic features with many images.
Desert Guide
http://www.tec.army.mil/research/products/desert_guide