Module (1) Unit 1
Wreck
(v., n.) destroy
Purchase
(v., n.) buy
Complementary
free of charge
Cater to (phrasal v.) try to satisfy a need
Certified having officials qualifications
Mandatory obligatory
Scuba diving the sport of swimming under water with special
breathing equipment
White water water in a river which flows fast & strongly in an
especially narrow
Bungee jumping the sport of jumping off a very high bridge or tower with
ropes tied to your legs.
Paragliding the sport of jumping out of an aircraft with a special
parachute
Stunt an exciting action, usually in a film
Adrenaline-filled excited
Authentic real – true
Package related group of things
Budget a plan to show how much you'll spend on sth.
Valid have a legal force during a limited time.
License an official document that gives you a permission to own
or do sth.
Scuba gear diving suit
Depend on rely on
Airfare a price of a journey by aircraft
Paintball a game in which people wear military clothing &
shoot each other with guns that fire paint
Skydiving the sport of jumping out of an aircraft & falls far as long
as possible before opening a parachute.
Participate take part
Chartered fully qualified
Charter the hiring of a ship or a plane for a particular purpose
Corporate sharing by all the members of the group
Incentive sth. That encourages you to do sth.
Scout a member of an organization who teaches boys how to
look after themselves
Beverage a drink
Provide to give or supply sth. To sb.
Excursion an organized trip made by a group of people
Travel (n.) the general activity of moving from place to place
Journey a long\ short repeated one
Trip the whole visit " going, stay & back" . It may be short or
long
Tour a guided organized journey
Voyage a journey by ship
Cruise to travel by boat visiting a number of places
Expedition a journey for scientific purpose
Flight to travel by plane
Hostel a cheap hotel for students
Resort a place where you spend a holiday
Cabin a small room on a ship
Suit a set of rooms in a hotel
Cottage a small house usually in the countryside
Caravan a wheeled vehicle for living or travelling especially for
holidays
New
Vocabulary
All over the world
‐4‐
Spa a place where mineral water comes out of the ground.
Business centre a building especially for business.
Conference room a building for holding meetings.
Lounge a room in a house or a hotel that is used for relaxing.
Cathedral a vary large stone building for Christian worship.
Monument an old statue, building or place
Islet a group of small islands.
Archaeological site a very old place.
Travel agent a person or a company that arranges tickets & hotel rooms.
Tour guide a person who shows people around a place
Stewardess a person whose job is to organize a particular event or to take
care of a place.
Bellboy a man employed in a hotel to carry cases.
Chambermaid a woman employed in a hotel to clean the rooms.
� Choose the correct answer:
1. I got some (complementary – complimentary – compulsory – completely) cinema tickets
2.This legislation simply caters (for – to – on – at) Racism.
3.Athletes must undergo a\an ( optional – mandatory – complimentary – supplementary)
drugs test before competing in championships.
4. This passport is (value – valuable – valid – budget) for one year only.
5.She never (takes - participates – involves – corporate ) part in our discussions.
6. Mr. Ramzy had the opportunity to ( scout – cater – budget – purchase) shares
in the company he worked for.
7. I don't know what (are they doing – did they do – they are doing – will they do) .
8.I'm just back from a business (trip – cruise – voyage – travel).
9.It's really an exciting (journey – travel – excursion – voyage) across the Atlantic..
10.We've been (for – on – in - at) a trip to Alex..
New Vocabulary
‐5‐
11.She finally (succeeded – managed – achieved – accomplished) her ambition to visit South
America.
12.My grandfather has a (caravan – hostel – cabin – cottage) in the countryside.
13.My daughter stayed at a youth (hotel – hostel – suit – cottage) during her study at Faculty
of Arts.
14.The Prime Minister stayed in a luxurious (suit – suite – hotel – hostel) at the Sheraton.
15.The (voyage – flight – journey – tour) to Italy has been delayed due to the bad weather at
the harbour.
16. Water (is boiling – boiled – has boiled – boils) at 100 Celsius.
17. My aunt is always ready to (borrow – lend – offer – give) an ear when I have a problem.
18.Does water (contain – contains – containing – contained) hydrogen & oxygen.
19.At Mark's school the pupils (are studying – studies – study – have studied) chemistry.
20.I can't hear you. I (listen – listened – have listened – am listening) to music.
21.Wake up ! The teacher (asks - asked – is asking – ask) a question.
22.I (think – am thinking – has thought – thought) he is a kind person.
23.Just a minute ! I (think – am thinking – thought – has thought) a bout what we should do
now.
24.He ( own – owns – is owning – has owned) a car now.
25.The pen she is writing with now (belong – belongs – is belonging – has belonged) to me.
26. How (long – often – many – much) do you use a computer? Once a week.
27.Look out ! My husband (comes – is coming – has come will come).
28. Vegetarians are people who (don't eat – aren't eating – didn't eat – won't eat) meat.
29.She is (a – an – the – no article) European woman. She comes from France.
30.My father is going to (some – the – a – no article) hospital to visit my granny.
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‐6‐
� Rewrite the following sentences using the words between brackets:
1.We will install your washing machine for free. .(complimentary)
…………………………………………………………………………
2.This license can be used for two months only. (valid)
…………………………………………………………………………
3.Students must participate in different activities. (take)
…………………………………………………………………….…
4.The information can be found easily at the local library.
………………………………………………………….…….. (available)
5.You can get all the information you need from this book.
……………………………………………………………..… (provided)
6.Can you help me to remember his date of birth?
………………………………………………………………….… (remind)
7.You must decide what the most important things for you are.
…………………………………………………………………………(participate)
8.Look! You have made the same mistake again. (always)
…………………………………………………………………………………...
9.It's my father's. (belong)
…………………………………………………………………………………..
10. He'll visit his grandparents next Friday. (visiting)
…………………………………………………………………………………..
11.We don't believe that Alan is 80 years old. (Nobody)
…………………………………………………………………………………
‐7‐
12.Sarah is very nice to me. (at the moment)
…………………………………………………………………………………
13.What do you think about my plan? (What's)
…………………………………………………………………………………
14.Tim is never satisfied. (complain)
…………………………………………………………………………………
15. I plan to study in France next year. (studying)
………………………………………………………………………………….
16.Monica doesn't have any books. (no)
………………………………………………………………………………….
17. Street children have no families. (any)
………………………………………………………………………………….
18.Tom hasn't found a new flat yet. (still)
………………………………………………………………………………….
19.Jim always gets to work on time. (late)
………………………………………………………………………………….
20.She used to make a mess. (always)
…………………………………………………………………………………..
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‐8‐
Module (1) Unit 2
Stand out to be very noticeable
Make up form
Turn out to happen in a particular way
Make up for to compensate for (to pay sb money in exchange for sth that has
been damaged or lost
In search of trying to find sth
Professional x amateur
Historic very important in history
Impressive admired and respected
Unique the only of its type
Spoil (v) to treat sb very well
Mountainous related to mountains
Glacier a large mass of ice which moves slowly
Gale very strong wind
Breathtaking(adj) extremely exciting and beautiful
Geothermal(adj) connected with the heat inside the earth
Harness (n) a set of straps that fasten sth to a person or a horse
Indulge in to allow sb to have or do sth
Exhibition a collection of objects shown to the public
Exhibit(v) to show sth to the public
Fair funfair
Exhibitor a person who shows his work
Accomplish succeed in doing sth
Achieve to succeed in finishing sth
Manage to to succeed in doing sth difficult
Coast the edge of a country on a map
Shore the dry land at the edge of the sea
Beach a part of the sea used for pleasure
Weather the condition of the air, wind, rain, temperature at a particular
area
Climate the general weather conditions found in a particular area
Shower usually light rain for a short time
All over the world
New
Vocabulary
‐9‐
Heat wave a period of time when the temperature remains very high
Blizzard a snowstorm with strong winds
Freezing very cold
Mist thin fog above the ground,water
Fog thick clouds in the air
Downpour an unexpected heavy fall of rain
Humid damp and usually very hot
Storm powerful winds and heavy rain
Changeable likely to go from hot to cold and back again
Overwhelming extremely great/strong
Thrill sudden strong feeling of pleasure or excitement
Disappointed sad because you didn't succeed
Brilliant very clever
Glorious having or deserving fame or success
Homesick feeling sad due to being away from home
Grateful showing/feeling thankful to somebody
Miserable very unhappy
Dull not interesting or exciting
Plain easy to see or understand
Mysterious sth that can't be understood or explained
Picturesque attractive(building)
Remote far away
Splendid very good
Graceful having a smooth ,attractive movement or form
‐ 10 ‐
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� Choose the correct answer:
1-Anna had an (overwhelming-homesick-glorious - brilliant)desire to go back home.
2-He was extremely(brilliant-thrilled-glorious - graceful)with my present.
3-Lucy was deeply(disappointed-thrilled-glorious)when she lost the final match.
4-President Al-Sadat led Egypt to a(mysterious-luxurious-glorious - spacious)victory.
5-We are very (grateful-graceful-careful - thoughtful)to you for your help.
6-The road is closed.. There's(be-being-been)an accident.
7-The police (have-has-are)arrested two men in connection with the robbery.
8-I don't know where my key is. I (am lost-have lost-lost)it.
9-I can't find my bag. Have you (see-saw-seen)it?
10-What time is Mark leaving ?He's(always-often-already)gone.
Make
Progress An effort business
A purchase Sure/certain good/evil
A complaint A fuss one's homework
Up one's mind Sense
A suggestion Money/a profit
A mess A phone call
Noise A request
An excuse A decision
Do
Progress An effort business
A purchase Sure/certain good/evil
A complaint A fuss one's
homework
Business Work
One's duty Job
Good / evil Wrong / right
Damage One's best
One's homework Harm
Somebody's favour Wonders
Word Collocations:
with make and do
‐ 11 ‐
11-You're out of breath .Have you been (run-ran-running)?
12-Somebody (has eaten-hasn't eaten-eaten)all my chocolate. The box is empty.
13.Huge statues and temples make Luxor (stand out-make up-turn out-look for)from other
places.
14-She was shot by a sniper when she went out in search (on-of-at-up)firewood.
15-I had (made-done-had-got)a reservation at one of the most popular spas.
16-There are many (historical-historian-historically-historic) places in Cairo that date back to
hundreds of years.
17.Sarah is (a – an – the – no article) honest woman.
18.I usually attend (a – an – the – no article) one-hour meeting.
19. She is an old friend. I (know – have known – am knowing – knew) her for years.
20. (Have you seen – Did you see – Are you seeing – Had you see) Tom recently.
21. Ahmed (yet – recently – already – still) hasn't won the prize.
22. Mary's grandfather has(amazed–encouraged–influenced –supported)her life in many ways
23. She's is (a – an – the – no article) university teacher.
24. Not speaking English was a major (obstacle – gale – indulge – harness) tto her career.
25. Water (spouted – sprang – turned – stood) out from the broken pipe.
26.Don't (do – make – turn – schedule) before you have considered it.
27. She (dipped – indulged – spoiled – spouted) her finger to see how cold water was.
28.The view from the top of the mountain is (breathless-breathing-breath freshener breathtaking).
29-His paintings will be in ( exhibit - exception-exhibition-exhibitor)in London for the whole
of April.
30.Tom has (gone – been – being – will be) to France. He is still there.
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‐ 12 ‐
� Rewrite the following sentences using the words between brackets:
1-He went out to look for his missing dog. (search)
…………………………………………………………………………………….
2-Victims of the crash will be compensated for their injuries. (up)
…………………………………………………………………………………….
3-Look at the difference between some recent work and your old stuff and you'll see how
much you've improved. (compare)
…………………………………………………………………………………….
4-She'd booked a table for five at their favourite restaurant. (made)
…………………………………………………………………………………….
5-Students should take part in different school activities. (participate)
…………………………………………………………………………………….
6-His paintings were exhibited in the local art gallery. (exhibition)
…………………………………………………………………………………….
7-No one made a contribution to the world of literature as Shakespeare. (unique)
…………………………………………………………………………………….
8.She decided to spend the holiday in Italy. (mind)
…………………………………………………………………………………….
9. 1-Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it. (lost)
…………………………………………………………………………………….
10-Last week the bus fare was only 80 pilasters .Now it is 90. (gone up)
…………………………………………………………………………………….
11.Jack is driving a car for the first time. (before)
…………………………………………………………………………………….
‐ 13 ‐
12.Tom went to London before. (been)
……………………………………………………………………………………...
13-Maria is in London .She has just arrived and it's very new for her.
…………………………………………………………(This is the first time)
14-Our friends always spend their holidays in Italy .They started going there years ago
……………………………………………………………………… (for)
15.It started raining at one o'clock. It's six o'clock now and it's still raining. (for)
……………………………………………………………………………………..
16. It's a week since I last talked to him. (for)
…………………………………………………………………………………….
17.He began to learn English five years ago. (been)
…………………………………………………………………………………….
18.She hasn't tided her room since Monday. (last)
…………………………………………………………………………………….
19.How long have you been cooking. (How long ago)
…………………………………………………………………………………….
20. It's more than a month since I saw her. (seen)
………………………………………………………………………………………….
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‐ 14 ‐
Traveller B2
New vocabulary:
1. Inexplicable (adj) impossible to explain.
2. Villain criminal.
3. Seize (v) grab.
4. Get away escape.
5. Withdraw take out.
6. villain criminal
7. revolvers a type of small gun
8. sewage the system of carrying away waste water and human waste
from houses and other buildings through large
underground pipes or passages .
9. convenience a device or machine, usually in the house, which operates quickly
and needs little effort
10. identification when you recognize and can name someone or something
11. burgle/
burglary (n)
to illegally enter a building and steal things
12. shoplifting the illegal act of taking goods from a shop without paying
for them
13.hijacking to take control of an aircraft or other vehicle during a
journey, especially using violence
14. mug to attack a person in a public place and steal their money
15. incredible impossible to believe
*words related to crime:
Verb Crime Criminal
Rob Robbery Robber
shoplift shoplifting Shoplifter
hijack hijacking Hijacker
kidnap Kidnapping Kidnapper
murder Murder murderer
burgle Burglary Burglar
Unit (3)
Crime and punishment
‐ 15 ‐
*collocations: verbs + preposition:
• pay a fine 1. blame sb for sth
• commit a crime 2. blame sth on sb
• serve time 3. accuse ----------- of
• plead guilty 4. convict ---------- of
• break the law 5. charge ----------- with
• take to court 6. be sentenced to---------• reach a verdict 7. witness to---------------8. prevent ---------- from
***************************************************************************
Phrasal Verbs
1. break into enter by force
2.make off to leave quickly
3.hold up to rob
4. go through with do sth despite the difficulties
5. pick out choose
Adj x opposite
1. possible Impossible
2. polite Impolite
3. correct Incorrect
4. efficient Inefficient
5. careful Careless
6. helpful Helpless
7. logical Illogical
8. legal Illegal
9. successful Unsuccessful
10. responsible Irresponsible
11. regular Irregular
12. able Unable
‐ 16 ‐
I) Choose the correct answer from between the brackets :
1. The way the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids is still ( incorrect – inevitable –
irregularinexplicable
).
2. Three ( villagers – villains – vigilantes-kidnappers ) were accused of robbing the bank .
3. Street children suffer a lot of severe weather conditions so they were found( stood – looked
– curled-reached ) up under the bridge.
4. When the ship gave a sudden movement , some passengers ( seized – selected –
withdrewchose
) the iron railing of the ship so as not to fall.
5. The gang of robbers managed to rob the bank successfully. The (robberyburglaryshopliftingmurder) was described to be smart.
6. When my father ran out of money , he went to the bank to ( borrow – withdraw – seizeloan
) some money from his account .
7. All peoples of the world ( oppose – sympathize – pleased-satisfied ) with the Palestinians .
However , no true settlement has been reached .
8. The criminal denied ( making – committing – having-doing ) the crime although he was
arrested at the scene of the crime .
9. When I saw the lights of my flat on , I ( concluded – included – excluded-consisted ) that
a stranger was inside .
10. Three robbers ( entered – made – broke-held ) into the shop and stole lots of artifacts and
monuments.
11. The robbers made ( off – up – for-on ) with the money, which was in the safe .
12. When the little girl was offered a lot of toys , she ( chose – took – picked-curled ) out the
ones suitable for girls .
13. The police are still ( looking – investigating – searching-committing ) the murder of the
bank manager, it is still mysterious.
14. A ( shoplifter – kidnapper – burglar-hijacker ) broke into my uncle’s flat and robbed it .
15. The ( hacker – hijacker – kidnapper-robber ) threatened the pilot to change the direction
of the flight , otherwise he would explode the plane .
16. The man ( said – mentioned – pleaded-accused ) guilty to the charge of theft .
17. Our military forces proved to be very ( efficient – sufficient – inexplicable-possible ) in
facing the serious problems taking place nowadays .
18. ( Burglars – Hijackers – Pickpockets-shoplifters ) on buses pick out their victims
carefully.
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II) Rewrite the following sentences using the words between the brackets :
1. A thief entered my flat by force and took a lot of things . ( broke )
………………………………………………………………………………………
2. You can choose the topic you like to write about . ( pick )
……………………………………………………………………………………….
‐ 17 ‐
3. A gang of robbers robbed a bank yesterday . ( held )
………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. The thieves took the money in the safe and left quickly . ( made )
………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. People who don’t follow the law are punished . ( break )
………………………………………………………………………………………...
6. The murders of Sadat are still in prison . ( serving )
………………………………………………………………………………………...
7. Two clerks were accused of robbery . ( charged)
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
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I) Choose the correct answer from a , b,c or d :
1. Amira ……….all day yesterday.
a) reads b) is reading c) was reading d) has read
2. While I ……….the paper , the light went out suddenly.
a) was reading b) reading c) read d) am reading
3. I…………TV while my brother was doing his homework
a) have watched b) watched c) watch d) was watching
4. ……………you eating when I phoned you last night?
a) Did b) Were c) Have d) Are
5. Just as they …………. a meeting , he fainted .
a) were holding b) held c) are holding d) holding
6. While ……..out for a walk , I witnessed a serious accident .
a) was going b) going c) went d) am going
7. She …………..from 2 to 4 yesterday afternoon
a) cooks b) cook c) has cooked d) was cooking
8. What ……….when I was out ?
a) are you doing b) have you done c) were you doing d) do you do
9. The pupils ……… a lot of noise when the teacher entered the class .
a) make b) were making c) making d) are making
10. I ………… a murder while I was waiting for the school bus .
a) saw b) see c) seen d) seeing
11. We ……..lunch when our neighbour called .
a) are having b) were having c) had d) have had
12.While she was cooking dinner , her daughter ………….the piano.
a) playing b) played c) is playing d) was playing
13. I……….a mistake just as I was taking my driving test.
a) was making b) made c) making d) make
14. When he was driving home , he ……..into another car.
a) crashed b) was crashing c) is crashing d) had crashed
‐ 18 ‐
15. He fell off the ladder while ………..his room.
a) was painting b) painted c) is painting d) painting
16. They were digging the land when they ………..a treasure .
a) were discovering b) discovered c) had discovered d) discover
17. My former flat mate……………….. loud heavy metal music when he was at home.
a) always plays b)is always playing c) always played d) was always playing
18. When I was young, I …………… hit my sister.
a) am going to b)was going to c) would d) don’t
19. The burglar ……………….. the safe and took all the jewellery.
a) opens b)is opening c) opened d) was opening
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I- Choose the correct answer from a , b , c or d :
1. The pacific Ocean is ……..than the Atlantic Ocean.
a) deeper b) deep c) as deep d) deepest
2. This is …………company in the world . It had lots of branches worldwide.
a) big b) bigger c) biggest d) the biggest
3.The Arctic isn’t so cold …………the Antarctic .
a)so b) that c) as d) to
4. English is ………..than many other languages .
a) easier b) more easy c) easiest d) the easiest
5. China is a ……..country.
a) larger b) large c) largest d) larger than
6. You look much ………today than yesterday
a) happy b) happier c) more happy d) happiest
7.She is the ……….of the two sisters
a) eldest b) oldest c) youngest d) elder
8. Hassan is a ……football player than anyone else in the team .
a) good b) best c) the best d) better
9. I think life in Cairo is more stressful ……..life in Mansoura.
a) thin b) than c) then d) there
10. This is ………picture I’ve ever seen .
a) nice b) nicer c) nicest d) the nicest
11. This is the ………..expensive car I’ve ever seen .
a) most b) much c) less d) more
12. He was ……… player in the team .
a) good b) better c) best d) the best
13. Life in the country is …….than life in a big city .
a) quiet b) quite c) quieter d) quietest
14. Kamel is …….of two brothers
a) tall b) the taller c) the tallest d) taller
15. Aswan is …….in winter than Alex .
a) warmer b) warm c) warmest d) worse
‐ 19 ‐
16. My friend Amr is a ……..taller than me .
a) more b) bit c) much d) most
17. His house is ……..to school than mine .
a) nearest b) nearer c) near d) the nearest
18. I’ve never seen such a …….film
a) funniest b) funny c) funnier d) fun
19. She is ………than she was last month .
a) healthy b) healthiest c) healthier d) as healthy
20. Which is ……popular football or tennis ?
a) most b) much c) more d) many
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* Rewrite the following sentences to give the same meaning
1. The jury took over three days to have evidence in the murder. ( reach )
………………………………………………………………………..
2. He was proved to be guilty in a blackmail case and spent many years in prison. (convict)
………………………………………………………………………..
3. Although they faced lots of difficulties, they decided to carry out their plan. ( through )
………………………………………………………………………..
4.No other player is better than Abu- Treika in Egypt now . ( best )
………………………………………………………………………..
5. It’s against the law to transport a bowl of fish on a public bus. ( legal )
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. I thought the car was more expensive. ( not )
………………………………………………………………………..
7. If you exercise for much time, you’ll be fit. ( The )
………………………………………………………………………..
8. His behaviour is getting better all the time. ( and )
………………………………………………………………………..
9. I have never read such an exciting story . (It’s )
………………………………………………………………………..
10.It was so annoying that you insisted on playing in the street when you were young.
( always)
………………………………………………………………………..
11. He had a curious look at the new boss. ( curiously )
………………………………………………………………………..
12. I would play with matches when I was young. ( to )
………………………………………………………………………..
13. The child was happy when he played with his toys . ( happily )
………………………………………………………………………..
14. I was painting my room when the light went out . ( while )
………………………………………………………………………..
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‐ 20 ‐
-quest (n) an attempt to achieve something difficult
-terrain (n) Ground
-elude (v) Escape
-reluctant (adj) not willing to do something and slow to do it
-come to a halt Stop
-proceed (v) Continue
-in awe in amazement
-dazzling (adj) very bright
-glow (n) when something produces heat and light
-thud (n) dull sound
in search of looking for
legendary very famous or admired or spoken about
set out on start
witchdoctor a person in some societies who cures people
using traditional magic or medicine; a shaman
hiking along walk in the country
tossing moving
overflowed filled
barely by the smallest amount
seek look for
Expressions with "TAKE":
Take someone's advice Take a test
take measures Take care of
take advantage Take your time
take pride in take notice
take sth/sb for granted Take responsibility
Traveller B2
Module 2 ( Unit 4 )
King Solomon's mines
Key
vocabulary
‐ 21 ‐
�☺�☺�☺�☺�☺�☺�☺�☺�☺�☺�☺�☺�☺�
☺�☺�☺�☺�☺�☺�☺�
*Choose the correct answer from a,b,c and d:1- Tom looks absolutely …………. He hasn't slept for three days.
a] furious b] exhausted c]bad d] ridiculous
2- He became editor of the ………….. Irish journal “the Bell”
a] legend b] legendary c] myth d] mythology
3- All girls laughed at Mona as she looked ………….. in her fancy dress.
a] scared b] fascinating c] ridiculous d] exhausted
4- I could hear the ……………. of houses hooves down the track.
a] voice b] thud c] music d] glow
5- The audience Looked in …. at the wonderful performance of the actors on the stage .
a] awe b] a hurry c] a glow d] a thud
6- The government should take ……………… to stop the danger of the swine flu.
a] pride b] advantages c] measures d] time
7- I wonder who will take ……….. after the present manager retires.
a] notice b] responsibility c] a test d] advantage
8- Our team takes ……………. of playing the match on the home playground.
a] pride b] turns c] advantage d] a test
9- We all take ……….. in our great scientists' achievements and different fields.
a] granted b] pride c] advice d] time
10- Our teacher of English rarely ……….. our spelling and grammar mistakes.
a] overlooks b] overturns c] overdoes d] oversleeps
11- we ……………. On a dangerous journey through Africa and we saw wonderful places.
a] sit in b] sit out c] sit up d] sit at
Strong adj weak adj
Furious Very angry
Ridiculous Very silly
Tiny Very small
Disgusting Very
unpleasant
Fascinating Very
interesting
Enormous Very big
Essential Very important
Delicious Very tasty
Awful Very bad
terrified Very scared
Verbs starting with
"OVER"
-overdo -overestimate
-overhear -oversleep
-overturn
‐ 22 ‐
12- After ………… his H. W, John felt tired and relaxed.
a] had finished b] finished c] finishing d] have finished
13- Before Mona went to bed, she ………… a book for three hours.
a] was reading b] had been reading c] has read d] is reading
14- When I reached home, my mother ……….. for an hour.
a] had cooked b] has been cooking c] had been cooking d] was cooking
15- I couldn’t sleep yesterday, I was ………. and turning all night.
a] tossing b] looking c] laying d]standing
16- When I got home last night, I found that someone ………. into my flat.
a] broke b] had broken c] was breaking d] breaks
17- ……….. the letter after you had written it?
a] Have you posted b] Had you posted c] Did you post d] Do you post
18- As soon as I had heard the news, I ……….. back home.
a] went b] had gone c] was going d] am doing
19- Before Ayman was ten years old, he …….. to swim very well.
a] has learnt b] had learnt c] was learnt d] is learning
20- She does aerobics four times a week in her …….. to be in a good shape.
a] query b] question c] quest d] questioning
21- She…………. Agreed to step down as a managing director.
a] reluctant b] reluctance c] reluctantly d] willing
22- Before ………… for school, Dalia had had her breakfast.
a] left b] had left c] leaving d] has left
23- Security forces……… the demonstrators by blocking the road.
a] halted b] halter c] halting d] halter neck
24- Reham had hardly left home ………. it began to rain.
a] when b] than c] that d] then
25- Menna ……… to bed until she had brushed her teeth.
a] hadn't gone b] didn't go c] wasn't going d] isn't going
26- When Essam arrived at the stadium, the match ………..
a] had already started b] has already started c] has been starting d] started
27- All I could think about was the fame which the treasure ………….bring.
a] is going to b] was going to c] would d] was going
28- I ……….. visit my cousin over the weekend, but they came to visit me instead.
a] would b] is going to c] was going to d] were going to
29- Mrs Mona ……….. English for three years when she got married.
a] was taught b] has taught c] had been teaching d] taught
30- I knew he ………… pass the exams as he studied hard.
a] was going to b] is going to c] would d] will
31- There were floods last week as it ……… for three days.
a] has been raining b] had been raining c] has rained d] rained
32- I …….. two chapters of the story before I stopped studying.
a] had read b] have read c] have been reading d] am reading
‐ 23 ‐
33- Yesterday, I went to a restaurant, it was ……… and the food was awful.
a] delicious b] ridiculous c] disgusting d] fascinating
34- My friend and I ……….. for over an hour before I put the phone down.
a] had been talking b] talked c] have been talking d]were talking
35- Mona ……….. reports for two hours before the boss arrived.
a] has been tying b] had typed c] had been typing d]typed
�☺�☺�☺�☺�☺�☺�☺�☺�☺�☺�☺�☺�☺�☺�☺�☺�☺�☺�☺�☺�
*Rewrite the following sentence using the word in brackets:
1- We intended to visit Alex but we couldn’t. [were]
………………………………………………………………………………………….
2- I had done my homework before I went to the cinema. [until]
………………………………………………………………………………………….
3- We played for two hours. After that we went back home. [By the time]
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
4- Who will be responsible for the company after the manager retires. [take]
………………………………………………………………………………………….
5- The Egyptians are greatly proud of professor Zewail. [take]
………………………………………………………………………………………….
6- We expected rapid change in Egypt within ten years. [would]
………………………………………………………………………………………….
7- I followed my father's idea concerning my study. [advice]
…………………………………………………………………………………………
8- Nurses look after patients. [take]
………………………………………………………………………………………….
9- All students should benefit from computer study at school. [take]
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
10- It is important to take exercises, but you shouldn't do too much of it. [ do]
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
11- John had arranged to paint his room because its color was pale. [ was ]
………………………………………………………………………………………….
‐ 24 ‐
12- Jane’s mother was watching all her behaviors, hoping to bring her up correctly. [take]
……………………………………………………………………………………………
13- After reading the story, I lent it to my friend. [until]
……………………………………………………………………………………………
14- First he had his breakfast, then he read the newspaper. [having]
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
15- After typing the report, she handed it to her boss. [By the time]
……………………………………………………………………………………………
16- Sally was waiting for her friends for 2 hours, then she decided to leave. [Before]
……………………………………………………………………………………………
17- Mothers look after their babies. [take]
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
18- The government exerts efforts to protect people from swine flu. [measures]
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
19- We are all proud of professor Zewail. [pride]
……………………………………………………………………………………………
20- A car accident happened on my way to school yesterday. [took]
……………………………………………………………………………………………
21- My younger brother always separates his toys into parts. [takes]
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
22- I hope Egypt will participate in the next football world cup. [take]
……………………………………………………………………………………………
‐ 25 ‐
‐ 26 ‐
NOVEL
GREAT EXPECTATIONS
CHAPTERS 1-5
1-Discuss the man Pip met at the churchyard.
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2-Who is narrating the story? What do we learn about the narrator's childhood?
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3-Who was Mrs. Joe? Describe her.
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4-Who was Joe Gargery ? Describe him.
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‐ 27 ‐
5-What was Pip's home and family like?
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6-Discuss the relation between Joe Gargery and Pip.
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7-Why was Pip filled with feeling of guilt on the night before Christmas, and on Christmas
day?
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8-Discuss Pip's trip to the battery on Christmas. Who did he see on his way and what was the
reaction of the man when Pip arrived.
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9-Describe Pip's experience at Christmas dinner.
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‐ 28 ‐
10-When was Pip's theft discovered? What happened to Pip? Why?
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11-Why did soldiers come to the Gargery's home? What happened?
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12-Describe Pip's first day Miss Havisham's house. How did he feel about himself?
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13-What do we know about Estella? How did she treat Pip?
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14-Describe Miss Havisham and her home.
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‐ 29 ‐
15-What did Pip tell Mrs. Joe, and Uncle Pumblechook about his day at Miss Havisham's?
Why did he tell them this?
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16-What strange incident took place at the Three Jolly Bargemen?
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17-Who was the "pale young gentleman"? What happened when Pip met him?
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18-Who was Orlick? Why did he and Joe fight?
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19-What did Pip learn while on his way home from his visit at Miss Havisham's?
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‐ 30 ‐
20-In what way were Pip and Joe both suffering together?
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Quotation Questions.
1-"Hold your noise! Keep still, you little devil, or I'll cut your throat!"
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2-"If it weren't for me you'd have been to the churchyard long ago, and stayed there."
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3-"Show me the way he went. I'll pull him down, like a bloodhound. Curse this iron on my
sore leg! Give us hold of the file boy."
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4-"I am on a chase in the name of the king, and I want the blacksmith."
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‐ 31 ‐
5-“I took some wittles , up at the village over yonder-where the church stands a'most out the
marshes.”
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6-"Yet I did not, and for the reason that I mistrusted that if I did, he would think me worse
than I was."
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7-"I'll tell you. My father…. He were given to drink, and when he were overlook with drink,
he hammered away at my mother, most on merciful."
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8-"I said to her , 'And bring the poor little child. God bless the poor little child. There's room
for him at the forge!"
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9-"You are not afraid of a woman who has never seen the sun since you were born?"
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‐ 32 ‐
10-"He calls the knaves, Jacks, this boy! And what coarse hands he has! And what thick
boots!"
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11-"You have been crying till you are half blind, and you are near crying again now."
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12-“If you can't get to be on common through going straight, you'll never get to do it through
going crooked.”
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13-"I think I've got a bright new shilling somewhere in my pocket, and if I have, the boy shall
have it."
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14-"This is where I will be laid when I am dead. They shall come and look at me here."
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‐ 33 ‐
15-"Nothing worth mentioning ,"replied Camilla." I don't wish to make a display of my
feelings, but I have habitually thought of you more in the night than I am quite equal to."
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16-"Stop a minute, though. I ought to give you a reason for fighting, too. There it is!"
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17-"Break their hearts my pride and hope, break their hearts and have no mercy!"
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18-"Like you, you fool! Giving holidays to great idle hulkers like that. You are rich man,
upon my like , to waste wages in that way. I wish I was his master!"
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19-"Ah-h! I'd hold you, if you was my life. I'd hold you under the pump, and choke it out of
you."
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‐ 34 ‐
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20-"Abroad , educating for a lady; far out of reach; prettier than ever; admired by all who see
her. Do you feel that you have lost her? "
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21-"There's something wrong up at your place…. Run all! I can't quite understand. The house
seems to have been violently entered when Joe Gargery was out. Supposed by convicts
somebody has been attacked and hurt."
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Chapters 6-10
1-What was the weapon used to injure Mrs. Joe? Who were ruled out as suspects, and who
did Pip suspect?
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2-How was Mrs. Joe after the attack?
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‐ 35 ‐
3-Why did Mrs. Joe draw a hammer on the slate? Why did this surprise Pip?
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4-Discuss Pip's feelings about Biddy. What changes did he notice in her?
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5-What personal desire did Pip reveal to Biddy? What was her reaction?
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6-Campare and contrast Estella with Biddy. Consider Pip's feelings toward each character.
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7-Who did Pip think was his benefactor? Why?
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‐ 36 ‐
8-What promise did Pip ask of Biddy regarding Joe? What was her response?
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9-What changes did Pip notice in the tailor's behavior towards him? How did the others in
town begin to treat Pip?
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10-What did Pip learn about his "expectations"? what were the rules set for him?
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11-What were Pip's first experiences in London? What was his opinion of the city?
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12-Discuss Barnard's Inn. Who did Pip meet there?
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‐ 37 ‐
13-What did Pip learn about Miss Havisham's past?
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14-What was the association between Mathew Pocket, Herbert, and Miss Havisham?
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15-Discuss Herbert.
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16-Pip asked Wemmick to tell more about Jaggers. How did Wemmick respond?
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17-Describe Wemmick's home . How did he separate his work-life from his private-life?
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‐ 38 ‐
18-Discuss Pip's evening at Jaggers's home.
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19-Discuss Joe's visit with Pip. What was different between them? Describe their behaviours.
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Quotation Questions.
1-"I am not at all happy as I am. I am disgusted with my calling and with my life. I have
never taken to either, since I was bound."
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2-"Do you want to be a gentleman to spite her or to gain her over?"
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3-"You were my first teacher, and that at a time when we little thought of ever being together
like this, in this kitchen."
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‐ 39 ‐
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4-"I am the bearer of an offer to relieve you of this young fellow, your apprentice. You would
not object to cancel his indentures, at his request and for his good? You would want nothing
for so doing?"
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5-"When or where that intention may be carried out, I cannot say; no one can say. It may be
years hence."
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6-"Pip is that hearty welcome, to go free with his services, to honour and fortune', as no
words can tell him. But if you think as money can make compensation to me for the loss of
the little child- what come to the forge- and ever the best of friends!"
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7-"They would make such a business of it- such a coarse and common business- that I
couldn’t bear myself."
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‐ 40 ‐
8-"Have you thought about when you'll show yourself to Mr. Gargery, and your sister, and
me? You will show yourself to us; won't you?"
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9-"My dear sir, may I venture to congratulate you? Would you do me the favour of stepping
into the shop?"
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10-"You are dissatisfied on account of my rise in fortune, and you can't help showing it."
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11-"I tell you it's no use; he won't have a word to say to one of you."
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12-"Lord bless me, you're the prowling boy!"
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‐ 41 ‐
13-"Bad taste, but a fact. If I had come out of it successfully, I suppose I should have been
provided for; perhaps I should have been what-you-may-called it to Estella."
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14-"That girl's hard and haughty and capricious to the last degree, and has been brought up by
Miss Havisham to wreak revenge on all male sex."
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15-"The marriage day was fixed, the wedding dresses were bought, the wedding tour was
planned out, the wedding guests were invited. The day came, but not the bridegroom."
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16-"I am my own engineer, and my own carpenter, my own plumber, and my own gardener."
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17-"Very few men have the power of wrist that this woman has. It's remarkable what mere
force of grip there is in these hands. I have had occasion to notice many hands; but I never
saw stronger in that respect, man's or woman's, than these."
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‐ 42 ‐
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18-"I'm wrong in these clothes. I 'm wrong out of the forge, the kitchen, or off th' meshes.
You won't find half so much fault in me if you think of me in my forge dress, with my
hammer in my hand, or even my pipe."
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Chapters 11-15
1-When Pip left London to visit Miss Havisham, when did he first intend to stay? Of what
did he convince himself?
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2-Discuss Pip's visit to Havisham's after Estella had returned from being abroad. What was
different, and what had changed since the last time he was there?
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3-What secret did Pip reveal to Herbert? What was Herbert ? What was Herbert's response?
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‐ 43 ‐
4-Discuss Pip's experience waiting for Estella at the coach office. How did he behave? What
did he do?
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5-Where was Estella going when she passed through London ? Why was she going there?
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6-Discuss Pip's feelings towards Estella when she passed through London. What did he think
her feelings were about him ?
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7-What effect did Estella's travel arrangements have on Pip's idea that Miss Havisham wanted
to bring them together?
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8-At this period in Pip's life, how did he feel about his treatment of Joe?
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‐ 44 ‐
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9-What was the problem with the way Pip and Herbert lived?
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10-Discuss Pip's feelings when his sister died. What was the experience like for him?
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11-Discuss Pip's twenty-first birthday. What did Pip expect might happen on that day ? Were
his expectations met?
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12-What did Pip decide to do with a portion of his money ? Who did he go to for advice?
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13-How was Pip's benefactor revealed to him? Who was his benefactor?
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‐ 45 ‐
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14-Discuss the argument between Miss Havisham and Estella. What did it show about them
both?
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15-Discuss Pip's thoughts when he learned the truth about his benefactor. How did the truth
affect him?
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16-Discuss the first stages of Pip's response to meeting his benefactor, and his plan to protect
him.
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17-Why was it a risk for Pip's benefactor to visit him?
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‐ 46 ‐
Quotation Questions.
1-"Ah, young master, there's more changes than yours. But come in, come in. It's opposed to
my orders to hold the gate open. "
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2-"You must know that I have no heart."
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3-"Love her, love her, love her! If she favours you, love her. If she wounds you, love her. If
she tears your heart to pieces, love her, love her, love her!"
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4-"I'll tell you what is. It is blind devotion, unquestioning self-humiliation, utter submission,
trust and belief against yourself and against the whole world, giving up your whole heart and
soul to the smite- as I did."
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‐ 47 ‐
5-"You have never told me when you have got your hair cut, but I have had senses to
perceive it. You have always adored her, ever since I have known you."
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6-"Oh, you must take the purse! We have no choice, you and I, but to obey our instructions.
We are not free to follow our own devices, you and I."
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7-"Are you quite sure, then, that you WILL come to see him often?"
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8-"What! Are you tired of me? You cold, cold heart!"
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9-"If you had brought up your adopted daughter wholly in the dark confinement of these
rooms, and had never let her know that there was such a thing as daylight, and then, for a
purpose had wanted her to understand. "
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‐ 48 ‐
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10-"Could I make a guess, I wonder at your income since you come of age! As to the first
figure now. Five ?"
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11-"I judged the person to be with him. The person stopped, when he stopped to make inquiry
of me, and the person took this way when he took this way."
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12-"Don’t commit yourself, and don’t commit any one. You understand- any one. Don’t tell
me anything: I don’t want to know anything; I am not curious."
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13-"Miss Havisham's intentions towards me, all a mere dream; Estella not designed for me; I
only suffered in Satis House as a convenience, a sting for the greedy relations, those were the
first smarts I had. "
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‐ 49 ‐
14-"…. I have been bred to no calling, and I am fit for nothing."
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15-"He'd no more heart than a iron file, he was as cold as death, and he had the head of the
devil."
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Chapters 16-21
1-Who was Compeyson? What risk did Pip think the man posed to Magwitch?
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2-Discuss Pip's visit to Satis House after he learned the truth about his benefactor.
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3-What happened when Pip ran into Drummle at the Blue Boar before going to Satis House?
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‐ 50 ‐
4-What did Pip admit to Estella? What was her reaction?
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5-What was written in the note waiting for Pip when he returned home? What did he do?
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6-What new emotion did Miss Havisham express to Pip during his visit with her?
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7-Where was Magwitch taken? Why was it considered the best location for him?
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8-Who was Molly? What did Pip learn about her past?
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‐ 51 ‐
9-What did Pip learn about Estella's father?
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10-Why did Pip go to the sluice house? What happened to him there?
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11-How did Orlick feel about Pip? What did Orlick do to Pip?
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12-Discuss Magwitch's attempted escape.
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13-How did Pip's feelings change towards Magwitch? Provide examples of this change.
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‐ 52 ‐
14-What new opportunity did Herbert have? What would it mean for Pip?
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15-Describe the time for Pip after Magwitch's death.
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16-What happened when Pip returned to his hometown?
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17-What happened when Pip returned to England and saw Joe and Biddy?
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18-Describe Pip's final meeting with Estella.
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‐ 53 ‐
Quotation Questions.
1-"I say. The lady won't ride to-day; the weather won't do. And I don’t dine because I am
going to dine at the lady's."
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2-"Who am I , for God's sake, that I should be kind?"
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3-"I began the service myself, more than two years ago, without his knowledge, and I don’t
want to be betrayed. Why I fail in my ability to finish it, I cannot explain."
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4-"When you say you love me, I know what you mean, as a form of words, but nothing
more."
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5-"Out of my thoughts! You are part of my existence, part of myself. You have been in every
line I have ever read, since I first came here, the rough common boy whose poor heart you
wounded even then."
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‐ 54 ‐
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6-"Your own act, Estella, to fling yourself away upon a brute?"
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7-"You fall into that habit, and then who notices or mind? Do it twenty or fifty times, and
there is nothing special in your doing it the twenty-first or fifty-first."
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8-"Yes, of course I saw you. But who else was there? It is the strangest thing, and yet I could
swear to him."
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9-"So, here's to Mrs. Bentley Drummle, and may the question of supremacy be settled to
lady's satisfaction! To the satisfaction of the lady and the gentleman, it never will be."
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‐ 55 ‐
10-"She went into his service immediately after her acquittal, tamed as she is now."
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11-"What have I done! What have I done! What have I done!"
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12-"My Dear! Believe this: when she first came to me, I meant to save her from misery like
my own. At first I meant no more."
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13-"Put the case…that here was one pretty little child out of the heap, who could be saved;
whom the father believed dead, and dared make no stir about."
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14-"Take Startop. A good fellow, a killed hand, fond of us, and enthusiastic and honourable."
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‐ 56 ‐
15-"You did that, and that would be enough, without more. How dared you to come betwixt
me and a young woman I liked?"
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16-"Dear boy, I'm quite content to take my chance. I've seen my boy, and he can be a
gentleman without me."
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17-"She lived and found powerful friends. She is living now. She is a lady and very beautiful.
And I love her!"
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18-"Not wishful to intrude I have departure fur you are well again dear Pip and will do better
without… P.S. Ever the best of friends."
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‐ 57 ‐
19-"I hope you will have children to love , and that some little fellow will sit in this chimney
corner of a winter night, who may remind you of another little fellow gone out of it for ever.
Don't tell him……that I was thankless; don't tell him that I honoured you both, because you
were both so good and true, and that ,as your child ,I said it would be natural to him to grow
up a much better man than I did."
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20-"And will continue friends apart."
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‐ 58 ‐
‐ 59 ‐
Sonnet 18
* Students aren’t asked to recite any poem
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate.
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of may,
And summer's lease hath all too short a date:
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimm'd;
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance , or nature's changing course, untrimm'd;
But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest;
Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou growest;
So long as men can breath, or eyes can see,
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee
by
Shakespeare
SONNET 18
‐ 60 ‐
Vocabulary
Compare Liken, say you are like.
Three you (accusative).
Thou you(subject).
Art are.
Lovely beautiful.
Temperate mild , moderate, even-tempered.
Rough not soft; wild.
Shake move violently.
Lease contract to rent a house, permission to stay
somewhere.
All too short a very short.
Date (here) time.
Complexion colour of face.
Dimmed made dim , made dull , not bright.
Fair (noun) (here) beautiful thing.
Fair ( adverb) (here) beauty.
Declines decays , goes away.
Nature's changing course the normal way by which things change.
Umtimm'd having become ugly, unpleasant, untidy.
Eternal lasting forever.
Fade grow dull and colourless, die.
Lose possession no longer possess , no longer have.
That fair thou owest your beauty.
Brag boast , speak proudly.
Thou wander'st you wander , walk aimlessly.
Shade shadow , dark places where no sun comes.
Lines lines of verse, poetry.
Thou growest you continue to live.
‐ 61 ‐
The poet asks whether he should compare his beloved to a day in summer. He
declares that she is more lovely and more evenly tempered. He then lists the
things that he does not like about summer day; even in May, strong winds
sometimes blow, shaking the small, fragile buds; summer does not last long ;
sometimes the sun makes the weather too hot ; sometimes the sky is cloudy;
and every beautiful creature will at some point cease to be beautiful; either
through some accident, or because it is natural for all living things to grow old
and die.
But, he says, his beloved's summer, on the contrary, will last forever. She will
never lose her beauty and death will never be able to say that he possesses her.
She will, in fact, live in lines of verse that cannot die. As long as men live, and
as long as they read poetry, the poet's verse will live and his beloved will live
in it.
This poem is one of the sonnet sequence written by Shakespeare. The sonnet is
a poem in fourteen lines, dealing with one idea or emotion, and that idea or
emotion is usually a personal one.
The sonnet originated in Italy and in its first form was divided into two parts;
one consisting of eight lines , the other of six.
Shakespeare changed the internal form of the sonnet .He divided the fourteen
lines into three quatrains ( stanzas of four lines each) and a heroic couplet (two
rhyming lines).Thus the rhyme scheme of this sonnet is ABAB , CDCD,
EFEF,GG.
Here, the first two quatrain contain one aspect of the central idea, the third
quatrain another, and the heroic couplet a final summing up.
Paraphrase
Commentary
‐ 62 ‐
Shakespeare states his main theme "or central idea" in the first line:
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day.
He fives a tentative answer to his own question in the second line. He then
goes on for the next six lines to justify and develop this answer by quoting
negative points which can be found in a summer's day; that it is not always
calm and serene; that it is sometimes too hot, sometimes cloudy; and then, the
most telling things; that it is short and the beauty it reveals is short-lived.
At this point he has reached the third quatrain and he turns back to his beloved
with the powerful declaration (almost a command) that her summer will be
eternal; will last forever. He develops this idea in the next three lines and sums
it up in the proud heroic couplet.
The grammar of the poem is simple, allowing for pauses at the end of every
line and each 'piece' of meaning does not need more than two lines to complete
it.
Shakespeare uses the repetition of certain words to create internal musical
patterns in the sonnet as in 'more' in line ,2, 'fair' in lines 7 and 10 and 'so long'
in the final couplet.
This is not one of the poems where he makes great use of figures of speech. He
uses only a few traditional metaphors such as describing the 'sun' as the 'eye of
heaven' and then personifying it in 'his gold complexion' ; the equation of
'youth' with 'summer' and the personification of 'death'.
The meter of the poem is the iambic pentameter.
‐ 63 ‐
Questions:‐
1) Who wrote the poem?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
2) What is the main idea of the poem?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
3) How is the poet's beloved beauty considered everlasting?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
4) The poet mentioned some of the things that he disliked about summer, state these
things?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
5) What is meant by the word sonnet?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
6) Where did the sonnet originate and what is its structure?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
7) How is the Shakespearian sonnet different from the Italian one?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
8) Mention the rhyme scheme of the sonnet?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
9) Where did Shakespeare state the central idea?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
Sonnet 18
‐ 64 ‐
10) The poet stated the idea that his beloved can’t be compared to summer explain how?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
11) Shakespeare uses the repetition of certain words express why giving examples.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
12) Mention the figures of speech used in the poem?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
13) What is the meter of the poem?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
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As you sow, so you shall reap.
‐ 65 ‐
When I consider how my light is spent,
Ere half my days , in this dark world and wide,
And that one talent which is death to hide,
Lodg'd with me useless 'though my soul more bent
To serve therewith my Maker , and present
My true account , lest he returning chide,
Doth God exact day-labour, light denied.
I fondly ask; but patience to prevent
That murmur , soon replies, God doth not need
Either man's work or His own gifts ; who best
Bear His mild yoke, they serve Him best. His state
Is kingly . Thousands at His bidding speed
And post o'er land and ocean without rest;
They also serve who only stand and wait.
On his blindness
by Milton
‐ 66 ‐
Vocabulary
Consider think
Light sight
Spent gone out , finished , no longer burns.
Ere before
Talent gift
Lodg'd made to live, made to stay.
Useless of no use
Soul spirit
Bent willing , anxious , keen
Therewith with it
My Maker God
Present my true account give a good account of my life
Lest for fear that
Chide blame , scold
Doth does
Exact demand , require
Day-labour work which can only be done by day, in the
light
Denied kept away , refused.
Fondly foolishly
Prevent stop
Murmur muttering , complaint in a low voice
Replies answers
Yoke heavy stick laid across the shoulders of an ox in
harness to control him
Mild gentle
Bear His mild yoke submit to His will
State condition
Bidding demand , command
Post [verb] speed , haste, go quickly
O'er over
‐ 67 ‐
The poet laments the fact that he has lost his eyesight before he has completed even half
his life time in a world which, for him, has now become dark. He says ; I no longer can
use that one most important gift. Losing one's sight is like dying.
He says that he has lost the power of his eyes at a time when he was very eager and
willing to serve God and present a good account of himself to please Him. He tells us that
he asks himself " How can God expect me to be able to work for Him when I cannot see?"
But patience speaks to him and tells him the is a foolish question. Patience tells the poet
that God does not need Man's work. Nor does he need Man to use the gifts which He has
given him. It is the people who obey Him and submit to his will who serve Him best .He
is a great king . Thousands of His people are active in His service all the time. The people
who simply stand and wait for His orders also serve Him.
Commentary
"On his blindness" is one of the "occasional " sonnets which Milton wrote during his years
as Cromwell's secretary. Here, he uses the sonnet form to deal with a deep personal
sorrow and to resolve an ideological or religious question.
In this poem he puts aside the development of the sonnet form that Shakespeare had
affected and returns to the Italian fashion of dividing the fourteen lines into eight [the
octet] and six [the sestet] . The rhyme scheme shows this division clearly for it is : ABBA
ABBA CDECDE.
This division embodies the development of the idea or the emotion in the sonnet ; the
octect contains the "question" , the sestet contains the "answer".
Paraphrase
‐ 68 ‐
The octet deals with Milton's sorrow and anger at the loss of his sight . It consists of one
long sentence beginning with the relative clause "When I consider…"The sentence
Rolls through various qualifiers , modifiers and conjunctions to arrive at the climatic
arrogant question: "Doth God exact day-labour , light denied ?"
The fact that the eight lines are one sentence gives grammatical unity to the octet ,
supporting its unity of idea and emotion and justifying its unity of rhyme.
Line 8 contains both the final segment of the opening sentence and the beginning of the
"answer" to which the sestet is devoted.
In the last six lines Milton uses short decisive sentences to proclaim the greatness and
wisdom of God and advocate blind acceptance of His will. These short sentences contrast
with the long tortured questing of the octet and mirror the attempt of a proud spirit to find
peace in resignation.
Another difference between the octet and the sestet is in their perspective. In the octet
Milton is himself the central character and is much aware of his own importance ;
There are eight pronouns relating to self; "I" "me" "my" in these lines.
In the sestet the poem changes perspective; God becomes the central figure ; there are six
nouns and pronouns relating to God "God" "Him" "His" and none at all relating to the
poet. Milton sees himself now as only a tiny part of God's universe.
Milton does not make particular use of figures of speech in this sonnet . There is the initial
metaphor equating " sight" with "light" and continuing the equation in "dark" world . But ,
apart from that, the language is straightforward. The language in the sestet is highly
Biblical in its use of phrases like "His gifts" "His mild yoke" "His state is kingly".
The poem is in the iambic pentameter.
Many cooks will
spoil the broth.
‐ 69 ‐
On His Blindness
By Milton
1) What does the poet lament in the sonnet?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
2) On his Blindness is one of the occasional sonnets explain how?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
3) Milton changed the form of the Shakespearian sonnet explain how?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
4) What is the rhyme scheme of the poem?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
5) What does this division embody?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
6) There is a great difference between Melton’s octet and sestet express this difference.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
7) How does the fact that the eight lines are one sentence serve the poem?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
8) Milton uses short decisive sentences in the last six lines express why?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
9) Mention the figures of speech used by Milton.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
10) Milton is obsessed by using Biblical language give examples.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
11) What is the meter of the poem?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
Best wishes and
Good luck.__