WASH Cluster – Water in Emergencies
W0.3
Supporting Information
W0 – Bibliography and Links
A) General
A.1
International standards – WASH in emergencies
A.2
Cluster project information
A.3
Overview water in emergency manuals
A.4
Short summary documents
A.5
Equity, inclusion, gender, vulnerable groups, protection
A.6
Hygiene promotion, sanitation, water related facilities & disease transmission
B) Specific
B.1
Emergency water equipment
B.2
Cholera
B.3
Case study examples of good practice
B.4
O&M and Sustainability in emergency related contexts
B.5
Water for emergencies in armed conflicts
B.6
Water for emergencies in cold climates
B.7
Water for emergencies in urban environments
B.8
Water for emergencies in dryland contexts
1
WASH Cluster – Water in Emergencies
W0.3
A) General
A.1
International standards – WASH in emergencies
The Sphere Project (2004) ‘Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster
Response’, The Sphere Project
A.2

Chapter 1 – Minimum standards common to all sectors

Chapter 2 – Minimum standards in water supply, sanitation and hygiene
promotion

Chapter 4 - Minimum standards in shelter, settlement and non-food items
Cluster project information
Cluster
hygiene
promotion
http://www.humanitarianreform.org/Default.aspx?tabid=343
project:

Rapid staff orientation package

Hygiene promotion briefing paper

Overview on assessment methodologies

Guidelines on assessment / participatory methodologies – transect walk, community
meetings, household visits, focus group discussions etc

Terminology & definitions

Disease fact sheets

IFRC, ‘Clean Water’, A toolkit for volunteers

WASH related non-food items
Cluster assessment tools:

IASC Initial Rapid Assessment (IRA) tool – health, nutrition, WASH

WASH Cluster Comprehensive Assessment Tool (CAT)
A.3
Overview water in emergency manuals
Action Contre la Faim (2005) ‘Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Populations at Risk’,
Hermann
Adams, J (1999) ‘Managing Water Supply and Sanitation in Emergencies, OXFAM, Oxford
Aquaconsult (2005) ‘Model Guidelines for Mainstreaming Water and Sanitation in
Emergencies, Protracted Crises, Linking Relief, Rehabilitation & Development and Disaster
Preparedness Operations’, European Commission Directorate General, ECHO
Davis, J & Lambert, R (2002, 2nd edition) ‘Engineering in Emergencies, A Practical Guide for
Relief Workers’, REDR & IT Publications
House, S & Reed, R (1997) ‘Emergency Water Sources; Guidelines for Selection &
Treatment’, WEDC
MSF (1994) ‘Public Health Engineering in Emergency Situation, A handbook for
implementing health programmes in deprived environments, in particular in camps of
displaced persons’, MSF
Supporting Information – W0: Bibliography and links
2
WASH Cluster – Water in Emergencies
W0.3
UNHCR (1992) ‘Water Manual for Refugee Situations’, Programme & Technical Support
Section, Geneva
UNICEF (1999) ‘Towards Better Programming, A Water Handbook’, Water, Environment and
Sanitation Technical Guidelines Series – No 2, UNICEF Programme Division
UNICEF (2005) ‘Emergency Field Handbook, A Guide for UNICEF Staff’
WHO (2003) ‘Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality’, Third Edition, Geneva, Vol 1, 2 and 3
Wisner, B & Adams, J (2002) ‘Environmental Health in Emergencies and Disasters, A
practical guide’, WHO
A.4
Short summary documents
OXFAM (no date) ‘Water Quality Analysis in Emergencies’, Technical Brief
Smith, S & Shaw, R (no date) ‘Sanitary Surveying’, Waterlines Technical Brief, No 50
WHO
Technical
Notes
for
Emergencies,
http://wedc.lboro.ac.uk/WHO_Technical_Notes_for_Emergencies/
A.5
in
particular:

Godfrey, S (2005) ‘Cleaning & Disinfecting Wells in Emergencies’, No 1

Godfrey, S (2005) ‘Cleaning & Disinfecting Boreholes in Emergencies’, No 2

Godfrey, S (2005) ‘Cleaning & Disinfecting Water Storage Tanks in Emergencies’,
No 1

Reed, B (2005) ‘Minimum Water Quantity for Domestic Use in Emergencies’, No 9

Reed, B (2005) ‘How to Measure Chlorine Residuals’, No 11

Reed, B (2005) ‘Delivery of Safe Water by Tanker’, No 12
Equity, inclusion, gender, vulnerable groups, protection
Bonwick, A (2005) ‘Protection in Practice’, OXFAM-GB
IASC (2005) ‘Guidelines for Gender Based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian
Emergencies: Focussing on Prevention and Response to Sexual Violence’, IASC
IASC (no date) ‘Gender and Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Emergencies’, in the IASC
Gender
Handbook,
http://www.humanitarianreform.org/humanitarianreform/Default.aspx?tabid=312
Jones, H & Reed, R (2005) ‘Water & Sanitation for Disabled People and Other Vulnerable
Groups; Designing services to improve accessibility’, WEDC
National Action Committee for Rural Water Supply & Sanitation (2003) ‘Zimbabwe Water &
Sanitation Sector HIV/AIDS Response; Programmes, strategies & guidelines’ June 2003,
First Edition
OXFAM (no date) ‘Vulnerability and Socio-Cultural Considerations for PHE in emergencies’,
Technical
Brief,
http://www.oxfam.org.uk/what_we_do/emergencies/how_we_work/resources/health.htm
OXFAM (no date) ‘Mainstreaming and Integrating HIV in Humanitarian Emergencies’,
http://www.oxfam.org.uk/what_we_do/emergencies/how_we_work/resources/health.htm
Reed, B. J., Coates, S. and Parry-Jones, S et al (2007) ‘Infrastructure for All; Meeting the
needs of both men and women in development projects – A practical guide for engineers,
technicians and project managers’, WEDC
Supporting Information – W0: Bibliography and links
3
WASH Cluster – Water in Emergencies
W0.3
Ten, V. T. A (2007) ‘Menstrual Hygiene; A Neglected Concern for the Achievement of
Several Millennium Development Goals’, Europe External Policy Advisors
Walden, V. M., O’Reilly, M & Yetter, M (2007) ‘Humanitarian Programmes and HIV and
AIDS; A practical approach to mainstreaming’, OXFAM
A.6
Hygiene promotion,
transmission
sanitation,
water
related
facilities
&
disease
Refer to the publication listing by the Cluster hygiene promotion project for a wider range of
materials. http://www.humanitarianreform.org/Default.aspx?tabid=343
Cairncross, S & Feachem, R (1999, 2nd edition) ‘Environmental Health Engineering in the
Tropics, An Introductory Text’, John Wiley & Sons
Ferron, S, Morgan, J and O’Reilly (2007) ‘Hygiene Promotion, A Practical Manual for Relief
and Development’ (updated version), ITDG Publications
Franceys, R Pickford & Reed, R (1992) ‘A Guide to the Development of On-Site Sanitation’,
WHO
Harvey, P (2007) ‘Excreta Disposal in Emergency, An Inter-Agency Manual’ – includes
information on bathing units and hand-washing facilities
OXFAM (no date) ‘Guidelines for Public Health Promotion in Emergencies’
http://www.oxfam.org.uk/what_we_do/emergencies/how_we_work/resources/health.htm
Rottier, E and Ince, M (2003) ‘Controlling & Preventing Disease, The role of water and
environmental sanitation interventions’, WEDC
B) Specific
B.1
Emergency water equipment
OXFAM
equipment
manuals:
http://www.oxfam.org.uk/what_we_do/emergencies/how_we_work/resources/watsan.htm
-
Hand Dug Well Equipment – covering well auger survey, well digging, dewatering
and de-sludging kits
-
Instruction Manual for Coagulation and Disinfection Equipment
-
Instruction Manual for Water Distribution Equipment
-
Instruction Manual for Water Filtration Equipment – covering roughing and slow sand
filtration
-
Instruction Manual for Water Pumping Equipment – covering 2” and 4” centrifugal
suction pumps
-
Instruction Manual for Water Storage Equipment
UNICEF equipment catalogue - http://www.supply.unicef.dk/catalogue/
Supporting Information – W0: Bibliography and links
4
WASH Cluster – Water in Emergencies
B.2
W0.3
Cholera
WHO
web
pages
with
links
to
various
http://www.who.int/topics/cholera/control/en/index.html
useful
cholera
documents:
Bauernfiend, A, Crosier, A, Fesselet, J. F., van Herp, M, Le Saoût, E., McCluskey, J. &
Tuynman W (2004) ‘Cholera Guidelines’, Second Edition, September 2004, Médecins sans
Frontières
B.3
Case study examples of good practice
Islam, M. F. & Johnston, R. B. (2006) ‘Household pasteurization of Drinking-water: The
Chulli Water-treatment System’, J Health Popul. Nutr, Sept 2006, 24(3):356-362
http://www.icddrb.org/pub/publication.jsp?pubID=7843
Nawaz, J, Lal, S, Raza, S & House, S (2006) ‘Screened toilet, bathing and menstruation
units for the earthquake response in NWFP, Pakistan’, 32nd WEDC International Conference,
Colombo, Sri Lanka, 2006
Taillandier, V & Villeminot, N (2006) ‘Technical Guidelines for Warm Bath Shelter’, Action
Contre la Faim – Pakistan Mission
B.4
O&M and sustainability in emergency related contexts
ACF-IN (2008) ‘How to Make WASH Projects Sustainable and Successfully Disengage in
Vulnerable Contexts; A Practical Manual of Recommendations & Good Practices; Based on a
case study of ACF-IN water, sanitation & hygiene projects’
Brikké, F & Bredero, M (2003) ‘Linking Technology Choice with Operation and Maintenance
in the Context of Community Water Supply and Sanitation, A reference document for
planners and project staff’, WHO & IRC, Netherlands
Brikké, F (2000) ‘Operation and Maintenance of Rural Water Supply and Sanitation
Systems, A training package for managers and planners’, IRC International Water &
Sanitation Centre, WHO, Water Supply & Collaborative Council, Operation & Maintenance
Network
Gardner, A, Greenbolt, Joubert, E (2005) ‘What We Know about Exit Strategies, Practical
Guidance for Developing Exit Strategies in the Field’, C-SAFE, A Product of the C-SAFE
Regional Learning Spaces Initiative, Sept 2005 (CARE, CRS, World Vision, ADRA, USAID)
Harvey, P.A. and Reed, R.A. (2004) ‘Rural Water Supply in Africa, Building Blocks for
Handpump Sustainability’, WEDC
Schouten, T & Moriarty, P (2003) ‘Community Water, Community Management; from
systems to service in rural areas’, ITDG Publishing
B.5
Water for emergencies in armed conflicts
ICRC (1994) ‘Water and War; Symposium on water in armed conflicts, Montreaux, 21-23,
Nov
B.6
Water for emergencies in cold climates
Supporting Information – W0: Bibliography and links
5
WASH Cluster – Water in Emergencies
W0.3
Buttle, M, Smith, M & Shaw, R (no date) ‘Emergency Water Supply in Cold Regions’,
Waterlines Technical Brief, No 62
Buttle, M & Smith, M (1999) ‘Out in the Cold, Emergency Water Supply and Sanitation for
Cold Regions’, WEDC,
B.7
Water for emergencies in urban environments
Kayaga, S (1995) ‘Rehabilitating Small-Scale Piped Water Distribution Systems’, WHO
Technical Notes for Emergencies, No 4
Reed, B (2005) ‘Rehabilitating Water Treatment Works After an Emergency’, WHO Technical
Notes for Emergencies, No 6
Twort, A. C. et al (2000) ‘Water Supply’, 5th edn, Arnold with IWA Publishing, London
WHO (1994) ‘Operation and Maintenance of Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Systems; A
guide for managers’, WHO, Geneva
Supporting Information – W0: Bibliography and links
6
WASH Cluster – Water in Emergencies
B.8
W0.3
Water for emergencies in dryland contexts
Hesse, C & Cotula, L (2006) ‘Climate Change and Pastoralists: Investing in people to
respond to adversity’, Sustainable Development Opinion, IIED, 2006
IIRR, ACACIA & CordAid (2004) on ‘Drought Cycle Management; A toolkit for the drylands
of the Greater Horn’ – Excellent publication which provides a simplified and clear overview
of the complex subjects relating to drought cycle management and the drylands. Although it
has been written for East Africa, many of the issues included will be relevant to other
dryland areas, even if specific cultural norms and practices may be different. Agencies staff
working in the drylands for the first time should be encouraged to read this publication
before starting work.
Nilsson, A. (2005) ‘Groundwater Dams for Small-Water Supply, ITDG
Nissen-Petersen, E et al (2006) a series of publications funded by DANIDA on: Water
Surveys and Designs; Water from Dry Riverbeds; Water from Roads; Water from Rock
Outcrops; Water from Roofs; Water from Small and Dams - Excellent and comprehensive
information on a wide variation of dryland sources – can be downloaded free from the
website: www.waterforaridland.com
WaterAid (2002) ‘Social Conflict and Water; Lessons from north-east Tanzania’, Discussion
Paper, WaterAid
Supporting Information – W0: Bibliography and links
7