Name: ______________________________
Williams
Date: _____/_____/_____
Block: _____
PHYSICS
Final Exam Review Packet
(Key)
This packet consists of a variety of questions and problems covering all topics discussed in the 1st Semester
(Chapters 1 – 31). You may refer to your textbook, equations, notes, and graded assignments to help with your
responses. This packet will count for two HW grades! Use it as a study guide for the Final Exam.
Motion, Forces, & Energy (Ch. 3 – 11)
1. Compare average velocity and acceleration to instantaneous velocity and acceleration. Average velocity
is the displacement divided by a given time interval. Average acceleration is the change in velocity
divided by a given time interval. Instantaneous velocity and acceleration describe the velocity or
acceleration for given point in time.
2. Some rifles can fire a bullet at 1200 m/s.
a. If the rifle is fired straight up into the air, how long does it take to reach its highest point?
b. How high does the bullet rise above the ground? (Assume the barrel of the rifle is at ground
level.)
3. What is the difference between mass and weight? Mass describes the amount of matter in an object,
but remains constant regardless of location. Weight describes the force of the mass exerted due to
gravity. Since gravity can change, weight may vary. Weight is the product of mass and the
acceleration due to gravity.
4. An object with a normal force of 100.0 N rolls along surface with 35.0 N of net force.
a. What is the coefficient of friction between the object and the surface?
b. What is the mass of the object?
5. A 7.0 kg block is on an inclined plane.
a. What is the force of the block’s weight, Fg?
b. The angle of the inclined plane is 35. What is the horizontal component of the force, Fgx?
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Name: ______________________________
Williams
Date: _____/_____/_____
Block: _____
PHYSICS
c. What is the vertical component of the force, Fgy?
d. The coefficient of friction for the inclined plane is 0.25. What is the force of friction?
e. What is the acceleration of the block as it slides down the ramp?
6. A soccer ball is kicked into the air at a 28 angle with an initial velocity of 33 m/s.
a. What is the vertical component of the ball’s initial velocity, vy?
b. What is the soccer ball’s flight time?
c. What is the horizontal component of the ball’s initial velocity, vx?
d. What is the soccer ball’s range?
7. A car with a speed of 0.0145 km/s makes a turn with a radius of 200 m.
a. What is the car’s centripetal acceleration?
b. If the car has a mass of 1200 kg what is the centripetal force?
8. Earth has an orbital period of 365.25 days and Mars has an orbital period of 686 days. What is the
orbital radius of earth if Mars has an orbital radius of 2.28 × 1011 m?
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Name: ______________________________
Williams
– 27
Date: _____/_____/_____
Block: _____
PHYSICS
9. The mass of a proton is 1.673 × 10
kg.
a. What is the force of attraction between two protons that are 1.0 × 10 – 15 m apart?
b. What is the new force of attraction if the distance in part (a) is tripled?
10. The diagram below represents a pendulum. The pendulum is pictured in its rest position. When pulled
to one side, the pendulum will swing back and forth between -1 m and +1 m. Assume that the friction in
this system is negligible.
-1 m
0m
+1 m
a. Describe the mechanical energy of the pendulum. constant
b. At what distance(s) is gravitational potential energy greatest? -1 m, 1 m
c. At what distance(s) is gravitational potential energy the least? 0 m (reference point)
d. At what distance(s) is kinetic energy greatest? 0 m (reference point)
e. At what distance(s) is kinetic energy the least? -1 m, 1 m
f. Predict the distance(s) at which U = K. -0.5 m, 0.5 m
11. A 5 kg mass moves at 10 m/s.
a. What is the object’s momentum?
b. If you apply a force of 100 N to the object, how long will it take to stop it?
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Name: ______________________________
Williams
Date: _____/_____/_____
Block: _____
PHYSICS
12. A mover pushes a couch a distance of 4 m to the top of a ramp into the back of a truck using 500 N of
force.
a. What is the work input of the mover?
b. What is the mover’s power if the task takes 10s?
c. If the mass of the couch is 100 kg and the back of the truck is 1.5 m high, what is the work output of
the ramp?
d. What is the efficiency of the ramp?
e. What is the mechanical advantage of the ramp?
f. What is the ideal mechanical advantage of the ramp?
Thermodynamics (Ch. 12 & 13)
13. Describe the differences between thermal energy, heat, and temperature. Thermal energy is the sum of
the kinetic energy of the particles within an object. Heat is the energy that flows between objects at
different temperatures. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles
within an object (sometimes described as “hotness
14. A hydraulic system consists of two pistons. Piston one has an area of 5 cm2 and exerts a force of 75 N.
If piston two has an area 10 cm2, what is the magnitude of the force exerted by piston two?
15. A cube of lead that is 0.15 m on one edge is suspended from a line and immersed in water. The density
of lead is 11.3  103 kg/m3 and the density of water is 1  103 kg/m3. What is the buoyant force of the
water?
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Name: ______________________________
Williams
Date: _____/_____/_____
Block: _____
PHYSICS
16. An iron bar that is 0.5 m long is heated from 20 K to 850 K. The coefficient of linear expansion for iron
is 1.2 × 10–5 (C)–1. What is the length of the bar at the higher temperature?
Waves (Ch. 14 – 19)
17. What is the Doppler Shift? Describe its relative effects on frequency, wavelength, and sound pitch.
The Doppler shift is an observed change in the frequency of a wave due to either relative motion of
the wave source or relative motion of the observer. As the source and observer move towards each
other, both frequency and sound pitch increase, while the wavelength decreases. As the source and
the observer move away from each other, both the frequency and sound pitch decrease, while the
wavelength increases.
18. Respond to the following problem using the graph below.
4
3
Amplitude (m)
2
1
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
Time (s)
a. Which point represents a wave crest? (1.6, 3) or (7.8, 3)
b. Which point represents a wave trough? (4.7, -3)
c. What term best describes the wave graphed above? Transverse wave
d. Estimate the wave’s amplitude to the nearest tenth? 3.0 m
e. Estimate the wave’s period to the nearest tenth. 6.3 s
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Name: ______________________________
Williams
Date: _____/_____/_____
Block: _____
PHYSICS
f. Calculate the wave’s frequency. 0.16 Hz
19. A radio set at a sound level of 20 dB is suddenly increased to 80 dB. How many more time greater is
the pressure amplitude at 80 dB?
20. Describe the shape of both convex and concave lenses and explain their effects on light.
_A convex lens is thicker in the middle and thinner at its edges. Incoming light rays will converge to
the focal point as they pass through a convex lens. A concave lens is thinner in the middle and
thicker at its edges. Incoming light rays will diverge as they pass through a concave lens.
21. Flint glass has indices of refraction of 1.57 for red light and 1.59 for violet light. An incident ray of
white light moving through air reaches the glass at an angle of 45°. (Assume n = 1 for air.)
a. What is the angle of refraction for the red light?
b. What is the angle of refraction for the violet light?
c. What is the speed of the red light as it moves through the glass?
d. What is the speed of the violet light as it moves through the glass?
22. A magnifying glass with a magnification factor of 3.5 requires an object distance of – 4.0 cm in order to
focus properly.
a. What is the image distance?
b. What is the focal length of the lens?
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Name: ______________________________
Williams
Date: _____/_____/_____
Block: _____
PHYSICS
23. Light with a frequency of 4.35 × 10 Hz passes between two slits that are 15.5 μm apart. First-order
bands are observed at 40.5 mm from the central band on the screen.
a. What is the wavelength of the light?
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b. How far away is the screen?
Electricity & Magnetism (Ch. 20 – 26)
24. Respond to the items below in a single paragraph. Be sure to consider all three parts.
a. Compare the charges of protons and electrons.
b. In what situations would two charges repel or attract each other?
c. What are the relative quantities of protons and electrons for atoms with a net charge?
Protons carry a positive charge and electrons carry a negative charge. There will be an attractive
force between two opposite charges, while two identical charges will have a repulsive force
between them. An ion with a positive net charge has more protons than electrons, while an ion
with a negative net charge has more electrons than protons.
25. Respond to the items below in a single paragraph. Be sure to consider both parts.
a. Describe two similarities between an electric field and a gravitational field.
b. Describe two differences between an electric field and a gravitational field.
Both electric field lines and gravitational field lines radiate symmetrically outward from an object.
The force of either field is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between two objects.
Only electric fields depend on charges while gravitational fields depend on masses. Gravitational
fields only display an attractive force, while electric fields can be either repulsive or attractive,
depending on the charges involved.
26. Refer to the schematic below for this section. You may use your equation banks for any calculations.
Make sure that each numerical answer is labeled with the proper units.
a. What type of circuit is depicted in the diagram above? Parallel circuit (combination circuit)
b. Calculate the equivalent resistance in the circuit.
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Name: ______________________________
Williams
Date: _____/_____/_____
Block: _____
PHYSICS
c. What is the total current in the circuit?
d. What is the current through the 35 Ω resistor?
27. A wire is at right angles to a uniform magnetic field with strength of 0.400 T. The current through the
wire is 4.00 A.
a. What is the force that acts on the wire when 0.60 m is in the field?
b. Calculate the speed of an electron traveling through the same magnetic field if the force on the
electron is 2.5 × 10 –12 N.
28. The primary coil of a transformer has 750 turns and is connected to 120 V source. How many turns
would be needed in the secondary coil to supply 240 V?
29. A 3.34 × 10 –27 kg particle with a charge of 1.6 × 10 –19 C passes through a magnetic field of 0.0038 T.
The particle assumes a circular path with a radius 0.06 m. What is the potential difference that
accelerated the particle?
Quantum Mechanics (Ch. 27 – 31)
30. For each of the following scientists, briefly state their contribution(s) to the field of quantum mechanics.
a. Max Planck: Won a Nobel Prize in 1918 for discovering the quantized nature of energy.
b. Albert Einstein: Explained the photoelectric effect in 1905.
c. Werner Heisenberg: Came up with the uncertainty principle.
d. Erwin Schroedinger: Created an atomic model that predicted only the probability of an electrons
location within an atom.
e. Neils Bohr: Created the planetary model of the atom where electrons orbit the nucleus in specific
energy levels.
31. Describe the relationship between conductivity and temperature for a conductor. As conductivity
increases, temperature decreases.
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Name: ______________________________
Williams
Date: _____/_____/_____
Block: _____
PHYSICS
32. Name and describe the 3 types of radioactive decay. Who made this discovery? Alpha decay releases
alpha particles, which are made up of 2 protons and 2 neutrons. Beta decay releases beta particles
which are actually electrons. Gamma decay releases a high-energy photons. Earnest Rutherford
made this discovery in 1899.
33. What is a half-life? The amount of time required for half the nuclei of a given quantity of a
radioactive isotope to decay.
34. Under what circumstances is energy released by a nuclear reaction? Energy will be released if the
nucleus that results from the reaction is more tightly bound than the original nucleus.
35. Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of a 5.0 kg object moving at 9 .0 m/s.
36. What is the momentum of an X-ray with a wavelength of 4.2 × 10 –12 m?
37. Calculate the both the wavelength and frequency of a photon emitted when a hydrogen electron drops
from the n = 3 level to the n = 2 level.
38. Calculate the energy of photon emitted by each of the following transitions.
a. n = 5 to n = 3
b. n = 6 to n = 2
c. n = 2 to n = 1.
d. Which transition releases the most energy? Transition “c” releases the most energy.
39. Describe how a spectrometer works. Light is collected through a slit and then dispersed through
either a prism or a diffraction grating. A lens system recollects the light and focuses it through a
telescope or on a photographic plate. Each wavelength of light forms an image of the slit at different
positions.
40. Describe the spectral lines of both an emission and absorption spectrum for the same substance. The
bright lines of an emission spectrum usually correspond to the dark lines of an absorption spectrum.
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