DO NOT REPRODUCE WITHOUT PERMISSION BY DR. PAULINE ROSE CLANCE
1
REFERENCES
Clance, P.R., & Imes, S.A. (1978). The Impostor Phenomenon in High Achieving Women:
Dynamics and Therapeutic Interventions. Psychotherapy: Theory Research and Practice, 15,
241-247.
Imes, S.W. (1979), The Impostor Phenomenon as a Function of Attribution Patterns and Internalized
Femininity/Masculinity in High Achieving Women and Men. Dissertation Abstracts International,
40, 5868-5868B.
Stahl J.M., Turner, H.M., Wheeler, A.E., & Elbert, P. (1980). The impostor phenomenon in high
school and college science majors. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological
Association, Montreal.
Harvey, J.C. (1981). The Impostor Phenomenon and Achievements: A Failure to Internalize
Success. Dissertation Abstracts International, 42, 4969-4970B.
Hirschfield, M.M. (1982). The Impostor Phenomenon in High Achieving Women. Dissertation
Abstracts International, 48, 1772A.
Topping, M.E.H. (1983). The Impostor Phenomenon: A Study of Its Construct and Incidence in
University Faculty Members. Dissertation Abstracts International, 44, 1948-1949B.
Imes, S.A., & Clance, P.R. (1984). Treatment of the Impostor Phenomenon in High Achieving
Women. In C. Brody (Ed.), Women Working With Women, pp. 75-88. New York: Snapfinger
Publishing Co.
Lawler, N.K. (1984). The Impostor Phenomenon in High Achieving Persons and Jungian
Personality Principles. Dissertation Abstracts International, 45, 2693-2694B.
Harvey, J.C. (1984; August 26). The impostor phenomenon: A useful concept in clinical practice.
Paper presented at 92nd Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada.
Matthews, G. (1984). The impostor phenomenon: Attributions for success and failure. In
G.Matthews (Chair), Impostor phenomenon: Research, assessment, and treatment issues.
Symposium conducted at the 92nd Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association,
Toronto, Canada.
Goleman, D. (Sept, 1984). Therapists find many achievers feel they’re fakes. New York Times
newspaper.
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=health&res=9D0CE7D71038F932A2575AC0A9629
48260
DO NOT REPRODUCE WITHOUT PERMISSION BY DR. PAULINE ROSE CLANCE
Clance, P.R. (1985). The Impostor Phenomenon: When Success Makes You Feel Like A Fake.
Atlanta: Peachtree Publishers.
Clance, P. R. (1985). The imposter phenomenon: Overcoming the fear that haunts your success.
Atlanta, Peachtree Publishers.
http://www.amazon.com/Impostor-Phenomenon-Overcoming-Haunts-Success/dp/0931948770
Harvey, J.C. (1985). If I'm So Successful Why Do I Feel Like a Fake? New York: St. Martin's Press.
Matthews, G., & Clance, P.R. (1985). Treatment of the Impostor Phenomenon in Psychotherapy
Clients. Psychotherapy in Private Practice, 3(1), 71-81.
Flewelling, A.L. (1985). The Impostor Phenomenon in Individuals Succeeding in Self-Perceived
Atypical Professions: The Effects of Mentoring and Longevity. Unpublished master's thesis, Georgia
State University, Atlanta (65 pages).
Topping M.E.H., and Kimmel E.B. (1985). The impostor phenomenon: Feeling phony. Academic
Psychology Bulletin, 7 (pp. 213-226).
Grays, L.A. (1985). The Relation Between the Impostor Phenomenon and Atypically of Race,
Educational Attainment, Socioeconomic Status, and Career in College Women. Unpublished
master's thesis, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia.
Castro, J. (1985). Behavior: Fearing the Mask Map Slip. Time Magazine, Vol 126(6).
Trotman, F.K., & Gallagher, A.H. (1985+). Group therapy with black women (book chapter).
Trotman, F.K. (1985+). Psychotherapy of black women and the dual effects of racism and sexism
(book chapter).
Holmes, S.W. (1986) The Impostor Phenomenon: Validity Study of Clance's IP Scale. Unpublished
master's thesis, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia.
Clance, P.R. & O'Toole, M.A. (1987). Impostor phenomenon: An internal barrier to empowerment
and achievement. Women and Therapy, 6, 51-64.
Steinberg, J.A. (1987). Clinical interventions with women experiencing the impostor phenomenon.
Women & Therapy, 5(4), 19-26.
Williams, E.A. (1987). The impostor phenomenon in high achieving black females as influenced by
mentors. Unpublished thesis, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia.
McIntyre, T.M. (1987). Female occupational achievement. Unpublished general exam, Georgia
State University, Atlanta, Georgia.
2
DO NOT REPRODUCE WITHOUT PERMISSION BY DR. PAULINE ROSE CLANCE
Dingman, D.J. (1988). The Impostor Phenomenon and Social Mobility: You Can't Go Home Again.
Dissertation Abstracts International, 49. 2375B.
Felder, R. (1988). Impostors everywhere. Chemical Engineering and Education, 22(4), 168-169.
Haislett, J.B. (1988). The impostor phenomenon among adult survivors of childhood incest: A
student of attribution style and loss of control. University Microfilms International, Order No.
8822704.
Cherpas, C.C. (1989). The generalizability of the impostor phenomenon to adults employed in
professional and non-professional occupations. Dissertation Abstracts International, 50.
Clance, P.R., & O'Toole, M. (1989). Impostor phenomenon. In H. Tierneyt (Ed.), Women's Studies
Encyclopedia, Volume 1. New York: Greenwood Press.
Prince, T.J. (1989). The Impostor Phenomenon Revisited: Validity Study of Clance's IP Scale.
Unpublished master's thesis. Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia.
Crouch, J.G., Powel, M.L., Grant, C., Posner-Cahill, C., & Rose, A. (19 ). Impostor phenomenon
and psychological type among banking and higher education professionals. Journal of Psychological
Type, 20, 34-42.
Bell, L.A. (1990). The gifted woman as impostor. Advanced Development Journal, 2, 55-64.
Bussotti, C. (1990). The impostor phenomenon: Family roles and environment. (Doctoral
dissertation, Georgia State University, 1990). (Dissertation Abstracts International, 51, 4041B.
Langford, J. (1990). The need to look smart: The impostor phenomenon and motivations for
learning. (Doctoral dissertation, Georgia State University, 1990). (Dissertation Abstracts
International, 51, 3604B.
Beard, J. (1990). Personality correlates of the imposter phenomenon: An exploration of gender
differences in critical needs. Unpublished master's thesis, Georgia State University, Atlanta,
Georgia.
McIntyre, T.M. (1990). A study of the relationship between women’s interpersonal behavior,
impostor feelings, sex-role attitudes, and their professional status. Unpublished dissertation,
Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia.
DeVries, M.F.R. (1990). The impostor syndrome: Developmental and societal issues. Human
Relations, 43, 667-686.
Anderson, H.H. (1990). The Imposter Phenomenon and Its Relationship to Classroom Setting,
3
DO NOT REPRODUCE WITHOUT PERMISSION BY DR. PAULINE ROSE CLANCE
Gender, Attributional Style, and Use of Self-Handicapping Strategies. Unpublished master’s thesis,
Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia.
Cohen, E. (1990). The imposter phenomenon: An interactionist perspective. Unpublished
dissertation, University of Toronto.
Ward, G.R. (1990). The relationships among attributional styles, motivational orientations and the
impostor phenomenon among high achieving undergraduate students. Unpublished dissertation,
University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Cromwell, B., Brown, N., Sanchez-Huceles, J., & Adair, F.L. (1990). The impostor phenomenon
and personality characteristics of high school honor students. Journal of Social Behavior and
Personality, 5(6), 563-573.
Cozzarelli, C. & Major, B. (1990). Exploring the validity of the impostor phenomenon. Journal of
Social and Clinical Psychology, 9(4), 401-417.
Range, J.A. (1990). The IP (Impostor Phenomenon) and women in theology. In, Eds. Welch, L.B,
Women in Higher Education: Changes and Challenges. New York: Praeger.
Robinson, S.L. & Goodpaster, S.K. (1991). The effects of parental alcoholism on perception of
control and the impostor phenomenon. Current Psychology: Research and Reviews, 10 (1&2),
Spring/Summer, 113-119.
Kertay, L. (1991). Individual and gender differences in the impostor phenomenon and perceptions
of competence. Unpublished master’s thesis, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA.
Kertay, L., Clance, P.R., & Holland, C.L. (1991). A factor study of the Clance Impostor
Phenomenon Scale. Unpublished manuscript, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA.
Arena, D. M., & Page, N. E. (1992). The imposter phenomenon in the clinical nurse specialist role.
Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 24(2), 121-125.
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119989481/abstract
Hartsfield, P. (1992). The impostor phenomenon and reactions to failure: The mediating roles of
perfectionism and overgeneralization. Dissertation proposal, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA.
Holmes, S.W., Kertay, L., Adamson, L.B., Holland, C.L., & Clance, P.R. (1993). Measuring the
Impostor Phenomenon: A Comparison of Clance's IP Scale and Harvey's I-P Scale. Journal of
Personality Assessment, 60(1), 48-59.
Hayes, K.M. & Davis, S.F. (1993). Interpersonal flexibility, type A individuals, and the impostor
phenomenon. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 31(4), 323-325.
4
DO NOT REPRODUCE WITHOUT PERMISSION BY DR. PAULINE ROSE CLANCE
Langford, J., & Clance, P. R. (1993). The impostor phenomenon: Recent research findings
regarding dynamics, personality and family patterns and their implications for treatment.
Psychotherapy, 30(3), 495-501.
Niles, L.E. (1994). The imposter phenomenon among clinical psychologists: A study of
attributional style and locus of control. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The
Sciences and Engineering, 55(2-B), 602.
Brems, C., Baldwin, M.R., Davis, L., & Namyniuk, L. (1994). The impostor syndrome as related to
teaching evaluations and advising relationships of university faculty members. Journal of Higher
Education, 65(2), March/April, 183-193.
Brown, D. B. (1994). "Are you an impostor?" New Woman, June: 46.
Hollingsworth, M. B. (1995). The impostor phenomenon and enterostomal therapy nurses: Profiles
and training implications. Unpublished dissertation, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque,
New Mexico.
Clance, P.R., Dingman, D., Reviere, S.L., & Stober, D. R. (1995). Impostor Phenomenon in an
interpersonal/social context: origins and treatment. Women and Therapy, 16(4), 79-96.
Chrisman, S. M., Pieper, W. A., Clance, P. R., Holland, C. L., & Glickauf-Hughes, C. (1995).
Validation of the clance impostor phenomenon scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 65(3),
456-467.http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a785039821~db=all
Young, S.L. (1995). The relationship between the impostor phenomenon and reactivity to evaluative
feedback. Unpublished master’s thesis, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA.
King, J. & Cooley, E. (1995). Achievement orientation and the impostor phenomenon among
college students. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 20, 304-312.
Chae, J., Piedmont, R.L., Estadt, B.K., & Wicks, R.J. (1995). Personalogical evaluation of clance’s
impostor phenomenon scale in a korean sample. Journal of Personality Assessment, 65(3), 468-485.
Janda, L. (1996). How comfortable are you with success? In The psychologist’s book of self-tests:
25 love, sex, intelligence, career, and personality tests. New York: Perigree Books.
Ewing, K.M., Richardson, T.Q., James-Myers, L., & Russell. R.K. (1996). The relationship
between racial identity attitudes, worldview, and African American graduate students experience of
the imposter phenomenon. Journal of Black Psychology, 22, 53-66.
Heinrich, K. T. (1997). Transforming impostors into heroes: Metaphors for innovative nursing
education. Nurse Educator, 22(3), 45-50.
5
DO NOT REPRODUCE WITHOUT PERMISSION BY DR. PAULINE ROSE CLANCE
http://www.nurseeducatoronline.com/pt/re/nurseeducator/abstract.00006223-19970500000018.htm;jsessionid=JkmRyjdJmyvkMHGL7TJc2vGQC2pW52hJlnwNVgMkGyr6yjnq1rBR!482373940!181195629!8091!-1
Matula, J. S., Just, H.D., Powdrill, L.A., & Garcia, T. (1997). Motivational and cognitive correlates
of the impostor phenomenon. Paper presentation at the American Psychological Association,
Chicago, IL., August, 1997.
Shocket, B. (1997). The relationship between the impostor phenomenon and state orientation: An
action control perspective. Unpublished master’s thesis, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia.
Kratkey, M. (1997). The impostor phenomenon and shame. Unpublished master’s thesis, Georgia
State University, Atlanta, Georgia.
Fried-Buchalter, S. (1997). Fear of success, fear of failure, and the impostor pheonmenon among
male and female marketing managers. Sex Roles, 37, 847-859.
Beck, B.L. & Scott, L.D. (1998). The effects of grade level, sex and social support networks on selfesteem, locus of control, self-handicapping, impostor feelings and psychological well-being.
Bloomsburg University. Submitted to Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice.
Tafarodi, R.W. (1998). Paradoxical self-esteem and selectivity in the processing of social
information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1181-1196.
Kagle, J.D. (1998). Are we lying to ourselves about deception? Social Service Review, 72, 234-250.
Selby, C. L.B. & Mahoney, M.J. (1998). Psychological and physiological correlates of selfcomplexity and authenticity. Unpublished thesis, University of North Texas. Submitted for
publication, Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, June 22, 1998.
Lutwak, N., Razzino, B.E., & Ferrari, J.R. (1998). Self-perception and moral affect: An exploratory
analysis of subcultural diversity in guilt and shame emotions. Journal of Social Behavior and
Personality, 13, 333-348.
Thompson, T. (1998). Attributional and affective responses of impostors to academic success and
failure outcomes. Personality and Individual Differences, 25, 381-396.
Henning, K., Ey, S., & Shaw, D. (1998). Perfectionism, the impostor phenomenon and
psychological adjustment in medical, dental, nursing and pharmacy. Medical Education, 32(5), 456464.
Arrington, M.I. (1998). Communication apprehension, race, and the impostor phenomenon: A
literature review. The Florida Communication Journal, 14(2), 94-113.
6
DO NOT REPRODUCE WITHOUT PERMISSION BY DR. PAULINE ROSE CLANCE
Yates, G.C.R., & Chandler, M. (1998). Impostor phenomenon in Tertiary students. Presented at
Annual Conference for the Australian Association for Research in Education, Adelaide, December.
Tomiewicz, J., & Bass, K. (1999). Changes in women's fear of success and fear of appearing
incompetent in business. Psychological Reports, 85(3), 1003-1011.
Webster, R.L. (1999). Self-confidence among younger and older women performing financial
analysis. Psychological Reports, 84(1), 231-235.
Evan, M. M. (1999). The impostor phenomenon: A descriptive study of its incidence among
registered nurse preceptors. Unpublished thesis, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas.
http://www.stormingmedia.us/89/8904/A890463.html
Exline, J.J. (1999). The perils of outperformance: Sensitivity about being the target of a threatening
upward comparison. Psychological Bulletin, 125(3), 307-337.
Shessel, I (1999). Experiences of adults with learning disabilities: Positive and negative impacts
and outcomes. Learning Disability Quarterly, 22(4), 305-316.
Spies, K. (1999). Why do women work on a PhD less often than men? Psychological predictors of
the intention of receiving a PhD for men and women. Zeitschrift Fur Sozialpsychologie, 30(4), 229245.
Steinpreis, R.E. (1999). The impact of gender on the review of the curricula vitae of job applicants
and tenure candidates: A national empirical study. Sex Roles, 41(7-8), 509-528.
Gerstmann, E.A. (1999). Impostor phenomenon: A test of basic assumptions. Dissertation
Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences & Engineering, 59(8-B), 4462.
Leary, M.R. (2000). The impostor phenomenon: Self-perceptions, reflected appraisals, and
interpersonal strategies. Journal of Personality, 68(4), 725-756.
Leary, M.R. (2000). The nature and function of self-esteem: Sociometer theory. Advances in
Experimental Social Psychology, 32, 1-62.
Gailis, A.T. (2000). The impostor phenomenon and achievement goals and motivation: The
avoidance of failure.
Unpublished thesis, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
(pudda67@hotmail.com)
Oleson, K.C., Poehlmann, K.M., Yost, J.H., Lynch, M.E., & Arkin, R.M. (2000). Subjective
overachievement: Individual differences in self-doubt and concern with performance. Journal of
Personality, 68(3), 491-524.
Pirotsky, Hannah (2000). An investigation of both the trait and state aspects of the impostor
7
DO NOT REPRODUCE WITHOUT PERMISSION BY DR. PAULINE ROSE CLANCE
phenomenon within an organizational context. Defended thesis, University of Guelph.
Thompson, T., Foreman, P., & Martin, F. (2000). Impostor fears and perfectionist concern over
mistakes. Personality and Individual Differences, 29(4), 629-647.
Klein, J. (2000). The relationships among anxiety, self-concept, the impostor phenomenon, and
generic baccalaureate nursing students' perceptions of competency. Unpublished dissertation,
mmaculata Univetrsity.
Sightler,W. K. (2000). Self-defeating behaviors, the fears of success and failure, and psychological
issues on entrepreneurship: A bibliographic resource.
York, M. (2001). The Loving Dictionary, 1001 Words of Appreciation. IUniverse.com.
Webster, R.L. & Ellis, T.S. (2001). Self-confidence in financial analysis: A study of younger and
older male professional analysts. Psychological Reports, V88, N3(1), June, 701-706.
Slighter, K.W. (2001). Correlates of the impostor phenomenon among undergraduate entrepreneurs.
Psychological Reports, V88, N3(1), June, 679-689.
Witte, T., Sherman, M.F., & Flynn, L. (2001). Silencing the self and the big five: A personological
profile of silent women. Psychological Reports, V88, N3(1), June, 655-663.
Pajares, F. (2001). Toward a positive psychology of academic motivation. Journal of
Educational Research, 95(1), Sep-Oct, 27-35.
Sonnak, C., & Towell, T., (2001). The impostor phenomenon in British university students:
Relationships between self-esteem, mental health, parental rearing style and socioeconomic
status. Personality and Individual Differences, 31(6), 863-874.
September, A.N., McCarrey, M., & Baranowsky, A., (2001). The relation between well-being,
impostor feelings, and gender role orientation among Canadian university students. Journal of
Social Psychology, 141(2), 218-232.
Whittle, S.R., & Eaton, D.G.M., (2001). Attitudes towards transferable skills in medical
undergraduates. Medical Education, 35(2), Feb, 148-153.
Ross, S.R., Stewart, J., Mugge, M., & Fultz, B., (2001). The imposter phenomenon:
Achievement dispositions and the five-factor model. Personality and Individual Differences,
31(8), 1347-1355.
Muljo, J. (2001). Manual for the Individual Dissatisfaction Scale (IDS). Thesis, Radford Univ.
8
DO NOT REPRODUCE WITHOUT PERMISSION BY DR. PAULINE ROSE CLANCE
Lauderdale, E., & Waters, C. (2001). Are we being transformed? High achieving “imposters”
building collegiality in an upper division seminar on adult education. Paper presentation at Adult
Higher Education Alliance. http://www.ahea.org/Lauderdale.paper.htm (link not working)
Bernard, N.S., Dollinger, S.J., & Ramaniah, N.V. (2002). Applying the big five factor
personality factors to the impostor phenomenon. Journal of Personality, 78(2), 221-233.
Cowman, S. E., & Ferrari, J. R. (2002). “Am I for real?” Predicting impostor tendencies from
self-handicapping and affective components. Social Behavior and Personality, 30(2), 119-126.
White, S.F. (2002). Imposter Phenomenon and self experience: Role of shame and self-cohesion
in perceived fraudulent. Dissertation, SUNY at Albany.
Bergalm, M. (2002). The Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS) translated into Swedish.
Barton, J.A. (2002). The impostor feelings, gender-role egalitarian perceptions and gender traits
of female psychologists. Dissertation, Oklahoma State University. Dissertation Abstracts
International; Section B: The Sciences & Engineering, Vol 62 (8-B), 3791, Mar, 2002.
Almasi, M.R. (April, 2002). Trade self-doubt for success: Do your achievements make you feel
like a fraud? Here are four ways to get over “impostor syndrome” – life lessons. Shape
Magazine.http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0846/is_8_21/ai_83911011
Gutierrez, B.M. & Robinson, D.T. (2002). Impostor phenomenon: Differentiation and
cognitions by sex and race. Poster presentation, American Psychological Association (APA)
Conference, August 2002, Toronto, Canada.
Ross, S.R., & Krukowski, R.A. (2003). The imposter phenomenon and maladaptive personality:
Type and trait characteristics. Personality and Individual Differences, 34(3), 477-484.
Lefkowitz, E.T. (2003). Predicting adjustment to college: A model of personality, coping
strategies and college adjustment. Dissertation, Columbia University.
Oriel, K., Plane, M. B., & Mundt, M. (2004). Family medicine residents and the impostor
phenomenon. Family Medicine, 36(4), 248-252.
Pinker, S. (June 2, 2004). Feeling like a fraud. The Globe and Mail.
Castro, D., Jones, R., & Mirsalimi, H. (2004). Parentification and the impostor phenomenon: An
empirical investigation. American Journal of Family Therapy, 32(3), 205-216.
Hellman, C.M., & Caselman, T.D. (2004). A psychometric evaluation of the Harvey imposter
phenomenon scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 83(2), 161-166.
9
DO NOT REPRODUCE WITHOUT PERMISSION BY DR. PAULINE ROSE CLANCE
Ferrari, J.R. (2005). Impostor tendencies and academic dishonesty: Do they cheat their way to
success? Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 33, 10-17.
McGinnis, J. (July/August, 2005). The imposter phenomenon: Killing your inner critic. Atlanta
Woman Magazine, 4(5), 58-60..
Kets de Vries, M.F.R. (Sept, 2005). The dangers of feeling like a fake. Harvard Business Review.
http://harvardbusinessonline.hbsp.harvard.edu/b02/en/common/item_detail.jhtml?id=R0509F
Castro, J. (April 18, 2005). Behavior: Fearing the Mask May Slip. Time, in partnership with
CNN. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1050454,00.html
Ferrari, J.R., & Thompson, T. (2006). Impostor fears: Links with self-presentational concerns
and self-handicapping behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 341-352.
Huffstutler, S. Y., & Varnell, G. (June, 2006). The impostor phenomenon in new nurse
practitioner graduates. Webscape Today (WebMD), Topics in Advanced Practice Nursing
eJournal. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/533648
Kumar, S., & Jagacinski, C. M. (2006). Imposters have goals too: The imposter phenomenon and
its relationship to achievement goal theory. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(1), 147157.
Prata, J., & Gietzen, J. W. (2007). The imposter phenomenon in physician assistant graduates.
The Journal of Physician Assistant Education, 18 (4), 33-36.
http://www.aapa.org/clinissues/posters/CPPS2007.htm
McElwee, R.O. & Yurak, T.J. (2007). Feeling versus acting like an impostor: Real feelings of
fraudulence or self-presentation? Individual Differences Research, 5, 201-220.
McGregor, L., Gee, D.E., & Posey, K.E (2008). I feel like a fraud and it depresses me: The
relation between the imposter phenomenon and depression. Social Behavior and Personality: An
International Journal, 36(1), 43-48.
Gould, J. (July/August, 2008). Get real. Feel like an impostor? You’re not alone. Monitor on
Psychology, American Psychological Association, 39(7), 76-78. (I have PDF)
Laursen, L. (February, 2008). No, you're not an imposter. Science Magazine.
http://sciencecareers.sciencemag.org/career_development/previous_issues/articles/2008_02_15/c
aredit_a0800025
French, B. F., Ullrich-French, S. C., & Follman, D. (2008). The psychometric properties of the
clance impostor phenomenon scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 1270-1278.
10
DO NOT REPRODUCE WITHOUT PERMISSION BY DR. PAULINE ROSE CLANCE
Mattie, C., Gietzen, J., Davis, S., & Prata, J. W. (2008). The imposter phenomenon: SelfAssessment and competency to perform as a physician assistant in the United States. The Journal
of Physician Assistant Education, 19(1), 5-12.
Legassie, J., Zibrowski, E.M., & Goldszmidt, M.A. (2008). Measuring resident well-being:
Impostorism and burnout syndrome in residency. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 23(7),
1090-1094.
Sams, R. (June, 2008). Are you an impostor? Phenomenon makes executives doubt their own
abilities, skills. Baltimore Business Journal.
http://www.changingcourse.com/pressrelease/baltimorebusinessjournal06202008.htm
Parkman, A., & Beard, R. (2009). Advance for sleep (i.e., impostor phenomenon). ADVANCE
for Nurse Practioners.
http://sleep-medicine.advanceweb.com/Editorial/Content/PrintFriendly.aspx?CC=189813
Kaplan, K (May, 2009). Unmasking the impostor. Nature, 459, 468-469.
http://www.nature.com/naturejobs/2009/090521/full/nj7245-468a.html
Nature Network (2009). Women in science forum: Imposter syndrome.
http://network.nature.com/groups/women_in_science/forum/topics/4693
More Magazine (2009). The Most Powerful Woman in Media? Vivian Schillar, CEO of National
Public Radio, talks about female work culture and her experience of the Impostor Syndrome and
impostor feelings.
11