Preparation of Papers for International Journal of
Materials, Mechanics and Manufacturing (IJMMM)
First A. Author, Second B. Author, and Third C. Author

Abstract—These instructions give you guidelines for
preparing papers for the International Journal of Materials,
Mechanics and Manufacturing (IJMMM). Use this document as
a template if you are using Microsoft Word 6.0 or later.
Otherwise, use this document as an instruction set. The
electronic file of your paper will be formatted further at
International Journal of Materials, Mechanics and
Manufacturing. Define all symbols used in the abstract. Do not
cite references in the abstract. Do not delete the blank line
immediately above the abstract; it sets the footnote at the bottom
of this column.
Index Terms—About four key words or phrases in
alphabetical order, separated by commas.
B. Final Stage
When you submit your final version, after your paper has
been accepted, prepare it in two-column format, including
figures and tables.
C. Figures
As said, to insert images in Word, position the cursor at the
insertion point and either use Insert | Picture | From File or
copy the image to the Windows clipboard and then Edit | Paste
Special | Picture (with “Float over text” unchecked).
The authors of the accepted manuscripts will be given a
copyright form and the form should accompany your final
submission.
I. INTRODUCTION
Highlight a section that you want to designate with a certain
style, then select the appropriate name on the style menu. The
style will adjust your fonts and line spacing. Do not change
the font sizes or line spacing to squeeze more text into a
limited number of pages. Use italics for emphasis; do not
underline.
To insert images in Word, position the cursor at the
insertion point and either use Insert | Picture | From File or
copy the image to the Windows clipboard and then Edit | Paste
Special | Picture (with “Float over text” unchecked).
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS,
MECHANICS AND MANUFACTURING reserves the right
to do the final formatting of your paper.
II. PROCEDURE FOR PAPER SUBMISSION
A. Review Stage
Submit your manuscript electronically for review.
Manuscript received October 9, 2001. (Write the date on which you
submitted your paper for review.) This work was supported in part by the
U.S. Department of Commerce under Grant BS123456 (sponsor and
financial support acknowledgment goes here). Paper titles should be written
in uppercase and lowercase letters, not all uppercase. Avoid writing long
formulas with subscripts in the title; short formulas that identify the elements
are fine (e.g., "Nd–Fe–B"). Do not write "(Invited)" in the title. Full names of
authors are preferred in the author field, but are not required. Put a space
between authors' initials.
F. A. Author is with the National Institute of Standards and Technology,
Boulder, CO 80305 USA (e-mail: author@ boulder.nist.gov).
S. B. Author was with Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA. He is
now with the Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort
Collins, CO 80523 USA (e-mail: author@lamar. colostate.edu).
T. C. Author is with the Electrical Engineering Department, University of
Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, on leave from the National Research
Institute for Metals, Tsukuba, Japan (e-mail: author@nrim.go.jp).
III. MATH
If you are using Word, use either the Microsoft Equation
Editor or the MathType add-on (http://www.mathtype.com)
for equations in your paper (Insert | Object | Create New |
Microsoft Equation or MathType Equation). “Float over text”
should not be selected.
IV. UNITS
Use either SI (MKS) or CGS as primary units. (SI units are
strongly encouraged.) English units may be used as secondary
units (in parentheses). This applies to papers in data
storage. For example, write “15 Gb/cm2 (100 Gb/in2).” An
exception is when English units are used as identifiers in
trade, such as “3½ in disk drive.” Avoid combining SI and
CGS units, such as current in amperes and magnetic field in
oersteds. This often leads to confusion because equations do
not balance dimensionally. If you must use mixed units,
clearly state the units for each quantity in an equation.
The SI unit for magnetic field strength H is A/m. However,
if you wish to use units of T, either refer to magnetic flux
density B or magnetic field strength symbolized as µ0H. Use
the center dot to separate compound units, e.g., “A·m2.”
V. HELPFUL HINTS
A. Figures and Tables
Because the final formatting of your paper is limited in
scale, you need to position figures and tables at the top and
bottom of each column. Large figures and tables may span
both columns. Place figure captions below the figures; place
table titles above the tables. If your figure has two parts,
include the labels “(a)” and “(b)” as part of the artwork.
Please verify that the figures and tables you mention in the
text actually exist. Do not put borders around the outside
of your figures. Use the abbreviation “Fig.” even at the
beginning of a sentence. Do not abbreviate “Table.” Tables
are numbered with Roman numerals.
Include a note with your final paper indicating that you
request color printing. Do not use color unless it is
necessary for the proper interpretation of your figures.
Figure axis labels are often a source of confusion. Use
words rather than symbols. As an example, write the quantity
“Magnetization,” or “Magnetization M,” not just “M.” Put
units in parentheses. Do not label axes only with units. As in
Fig. 1, for example, write “Magnetization (A/m)” or
“Magnetization (A  m1),” not just “A/m.” Do not label axes
with a ratio of quantities and units. For example, write
“Temperature (K),” not “Temperature/K.”
Multipliers can be especially confusing. Write
“Magnetization (kA/m)” or “Magnetization (103 A/m).” Do
not write “Magnetization (A/m)  1000” because the reader
would not know whether the top axis label in Fig. 1 meant
16000 A/m or 0.016 A/m. Figure labels should be legible,
approximately 8 to 12 point type.
TABLE I: THE ARRANGEMENT OF CHANNELS
Channels
Main channel
Assistant channel
Group 1
Channel 1
Channel 2
Group 2
Channel 2
Channel 3
…
…
…
Group c
Channel c
Channel 1
space after authors' initials. Papers that have not been
published should be cited as “unpublished” [4]. Papers that
have been submitted for publication should be cited as
“submitted for publication” [5]. Papers that have been
accepted for publication, but not yet specified for an issue
should be cited as “to be published” [6]. Please give
affiliations and addresses for private communications [7].
Capitalize only the first word in a paper title, except for
proper nouns and element symbols. For papers published in
translation journals, please give the English citation first,
followed by the original foreign-language citation [8].
C. Abbreviations and Acronyms
Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are
used in the text, even after they have already been defined in
the abstract. Abbreviations such as SI, ac, and dc do not have
to be defined. Abbreviations that incorporate periods should
not have spaces: write “C.N.R.S.,” not “C. N. R. S.” Do not
use abbreviations in the title unless they are unavoidable (for
example,
“INTERNATIONAL
JOURNAL
OF
MATERIALS, MECHANICS AND MANUFACTURING”
in the title of this article).
D. Equations
Number equations consecutively with equation numbers in
parentheses flush with the right margin, as in (1). First use the
equation editor to create the equation. Then select the
“Equation” markup style. Press the tab key and write the
equation number in parentheses. To make your equations
more compact, you may use the solidus ( / ), the exp function,
or appropriate exponents. Use parentheses to avoid
ambiguities in denominators. Punctuate equations when they
are part of a sentence, as in

r2
0
F ( r,  ) dr d  [ r2 / (2 0 )]

Fig. 1. Magnetization as a function of applied field.
B. References
Number citations consecutively in square brackets [1]. The
sentence punctuation follows the brackets [2]. Multiple
references [2], [3] are each numbered with separate brackets
[1]–[3]. When citing a section in a book, please give the
relevant page numbers [2]. In sentences, refer simply to the
reference number, as in [3]. Do not use “Ref. [3]” or
“reference [3]” except at the beginning of a sentence:
“Reference [3] shows ... .” Number footnotes separately in
superscripts (Insert | Footnote).1 Place the actual footnote at
the bottom of the column in which it is cited; do not put
footnotes in the reference list (endnotes). Use letters for table
footnotes (see Table I).
Please note that the references at the end of this document
are in the preferred referencing style. Give all authors’ names;
do not use “et al.” unless there are six authors or more. Use a
1It is recommended that footnotes be avoided (except for the unnumbered
footnote with the receipt date on the first page). Instead, try to integrate the
footnote information into the text.

0
(1)
exp (  | z j  zi | )  J1 ( r2 ) J 0 ( ri ) d .
1
Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been
defined before the equation appears or immediately
following. Italicize symbols (T might refer to temperature, but
T is the unit tesla). Refer to “(1),” not “Eq. (1)” or “equation
(1),” except at the beginning of a sentence: “Equation (1) is ...
.”
E. Other Recommendations
Use one space after periods and colons. Hyphenate
complex modifiers: “zero-field-cooled magnetization.”
Avoid dangling participles, such as, “Using (1), the potential
was calculated.” [It is not clear who or what used (1).] Write
instead, “The potential was calculated by using (1),” or
“Using (1), we calculated the potential.”
Use a zero before decimal points: “0.25,” not “.25.” Use
“cm3,” not “cc.” Indicate sample dimensions as “0.1 cm  0.2
cm,” not “0.1  0.2 cm2.” The abbreviation for “seconds” is
“s,” not “sec.” Do not mix complete spellings and
abbreviations of units: use “Wb/m2” or “webers per square
meter,” not “webers/m2.” When expressing a range of values,
write “7 to 9” or “7-9,” not “7~9.”
A parenthetical statement at the end of a sentence is
punctuated outside of the closing parenthesis (like this). (A
parenthetical sentence is punctuated within the parentheses.)
In American English, periods and commas are within
quotation marks, like “this period.” Other punctuation is
“outside”! Avoid contractions; for example, write “do not”
instead of “don’t.” The serial comma is preferred: “A, B, and
C” instead of “A, B and C.”
If you wish, you may write in the first person singular or
plural and use the active voice (“I observed that ...” or “We
observed that ...” instead of “It was observed that ...”).
Remember to check spelling. If your native language is not
English, please get a native English-speaking colleague to
proofread your paper.
VI. SOME COMMON MISTAKES
The word “data” is plural, not singular. The subscript for
the permeability of vacuum µ0 is zero, not a lowercase letter
“o.” The term for residual magnetization is “remanence”; the
adjective is “remanent”; do not write “remnance” or
“remnant.” Use the word “micrometer” instead of “micron.”
A graph within a graph is an “inset,” not an “insert.” The word
“alternatively” is preferred to the word “alternately” (unless
you really mean something that alternates). Use the word
“whereas” instead of “while” (unless you are referring to
simultaneous events). Do not use the word “essentially” to
mean “approximately” or “effectively.” Do not use the word
“issue” as a euphemism for “problem.” When compositions
are not specified, separate chemical symbols by en-dashes; for
example, “NiMn” indicates the intermetallic compound
Ni0.5Mn0.5 whereas “Ni–Mn” indicates an alloy of some
composition NixMn1-x.
Be aware of the different meanings of the homophones
“affect” (usually a verb) and “effect” (usually a noun),
“complement” and “compliment,” “discreet” and “discrete,”
“principal” (e.g., “principal investigator”) and “principle”
(e.g., “principle of measurement”). Do not confuse “imply”
and “infer.”
Prefixes such as “non,” “sub,” “micro,” “multi,” and
“"ultra” are not independent words; they should be joined to
the words they modify, usually without a hyphen. There is no
period after the “et” in the Latin abbreviation “et al.” (it is also
italicized). The abbreviation “i.e.,” means “that is,” and the
abbreviation “e.g.,” means “for example” (these
abbreviations are not italicized).
An excellent style manual and source of information for
science writers is [9].
VII. EDITORIAL POLICY
The submitting author is responsible for obtaining
agreement of all coauthors and any consent required from
sponsors before submitting a paper. It is the obligation of the
authors to cite relevant prior work.
Authors of rejected papers may revise and resubmit them to
the journal again.
VIII. PUBLICATION PRINCIPLES
The contents of the journal are peer-reviewed and archival.
The journal International Journal of Materials, Mechanics and
Manufacturing publishes scholarly articles of archival value
as well as tutorial expositions and critical reviews of classical
subjects and topics of current interest.
Authors should consider the following points:
1) Technical papers submitted for publication must advance
the state of knowledge and must cite relevant prior work.
2) The length of a submitted paper should be commensurate
with the importance, or appropriate to the complexity, of
the work. For example, an obvious extension of
previously published work might not be appropriate for
publication or might be adequately treated in just a few
pages.
3) Authors must convince both peer reviewers and the
editors of the scientific and technical merit of a paper; the
standards of proof are higher when extraordinary or
unexpected results are reported.
4) Because replication is required for scientific progress,
papers submitted for publication must provide sufficient
information to allow readers to perform similar
experiments or calculations and use the reported results.
Although not everything need be disclosed, a paper must
contain new, useable, and fully described information.
For example, a specimen's chemical composition need
not be reported if the main purpose of a paper is to
introduce a new measurement technique. Authors should
expect to be challenged by reviewers if the results are not
supported by adequate data and critical details.
IX. CONCLUSION
A conclusion section is usually required. Although a
conclusion may review the main points of the paper, do not
replicate the abstract as the conclusion. A conclusion might
elaborate on the importance of the work or suggest
applications and extensions.
APPENDIX
Appendixes, if needed, appear before the acknowledgment.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The preferred spelling of the word “acknowledgment” in
American English is without an “e” after the “g.” Use the
singular heading even if you have many acknowledgments.
Avoid expressions such as “One of us (S.B.A.) would like to
thank ... .” Instead, write “F. A. Author thanks ... .” Sponsor
and financial support acknowledgments are placed in the
unnumbered footnote on the first page.
REFERENCES
(Periodical style)
[1] S. Chen, B. Mulgrew, and P. M. Grant, “A clustering technique for
digital communications channel equalization using radial basis
function networks,” IEEE Trans. on Neural Networks, vol. 4, pp.
570-578, July 1993.
[2] J. U. Duncombe, “Infrared navigation—Part I: An assessment of
feasibility,” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. ED-11, pp. 34-39, Jan.
1959.
C. Y. Lin, M. Wu, J. A. Bloom, I. J. Cox, and M. Miller, “Rotation,
scale, and translation resilient public watermarking for images,” IEEE
Trans. Image Process., vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 767-782, May 2001.
(Book style)
[4] A. Cichocki and R. Unbehaven, Neural Networks for Optimization
and Signal Processing, 1st ed. Chichester, U.K.: Wiley, 1993, ch. 2,
pp. 45-47.
[5] W.-K. Chen, Linear Networks and Systems, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth,
1993, pp. 123-135.
[6] H. Poor, An Introduction to Signal Detection and Estimation; New
York: Springer-Verlag, 1985, ch. 4.
(Book style with paper title and editor)
[7] R. A. Scholtz, “The Spread Spectrum Concept,” in Multiple Access, N.
Abramson, Ed. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 1993, ch. 3, pp. 121-123.
[8] G. O. Young, “Synthetic structure of industrial plastics,” in Plastics,
2nd ed. vol. 3, J. Peters, Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964, pp. 15-64.
(Published Conference Proceedings style)
[9] M. B. Kasmani, “A Socio-linguistic Study of Vowel Harmony in Pers
ian (Different Age Groups Use of Vowel Harmony Perspective,” Inter
national Proceedings of Economics Development and Research, ed.
Chen Dan, pp. 359-366, vol. 26, 2011.
[10] W. D. Doyle, “Magnetization reversal in films with biaxial
anisotropy,” in Proc. 1987 INTERMAG Conf., 1987, pp. 2.2-1-2.2-6.
(Presented Conference Paper style)
[11] G. W. Juette and L. E. Zeffanella, “Radio noise currents n short
sections on bundle conductors,” presented at the IEEE Summer Power
Meeting, Dallas, TX, June 22-27, 1990.
(Thesis or Dissertation style)
[12] J. Williams, “Narrow-band analyzer,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect.
Eng., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA, 1993.
[13] N. Kawasaki, “Parametric study of thermal and chemical
nonequilibrium nozzle flow,” M.S. thesis, Dept. Electron. Eng., Osaka
Univ., Osaka, Japan, 1993.
(Patent style)
[14] J. P. Wilkinson, “Nonlinear resonant circuit devices,” U.S. Patent 3
624 12, July 16, 1990.
(Standards style)
[15] Letter Symbols for Quantities, ANSI Standard Y10.5-1968.
(Handbook style)
[3]
[16] Transmission Systems for Communications, 3rd ed., Western Electric
Co., Winston-Salem, NC, 1985, pp. 44-60.
[17] Motorola Semiconductor Data Manual, Motorola Semiconductor
Products Inc., Phoenix, AZ, 1989.
(Journal Online Sources style)
[18] R. J. Vidmar. (August 1992). On the use of atmospheric plasmas as
electromagnetic reflectors. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. [Online]. 21(3).
pp.
876-880.
Available:
http://www.halcyon.com/pub/journals/21ps03-vidmar
(All authors should include biographies with photo at the end of
regular papers.)
First A. Author and the other authors may include
biographies at the end of regular papers. The first
paragraph may contain a place and/or date of birth (list
place, then date). Next, the author’s educational
Author’s formal
background is listed. The degrees should be listed with
photo
type of degree in what field, which institution, city,
state or country, and year degree was earned. The
author’s major field of study should be lower-cased.
The second paragraph uses the pronoun of the
person (he or she) and not the author’s last name. It lists military and work
experience, including summer and fellowship jobs. Job titles are capitalized.
The current job must have a location; previous positions may be listed
without one. Information concerning previous publications may be included.
Try not to list more than three books or published articles. The format for
listing publishers of a book within the biography is: title of book (city, state:
publisher name, year) similar to a reference. Current and previous research
interests ends the paragraph.
The third paragraph begins with the author’s title and last name (e.g., Dr.
Smith, Prof. Jones, Mr. Kajor, Ms. Hunter). List any memberships in
professional societies. Finally, list any awards and work for committees and
publications. If a photograph is provided, the biography will be indented
around it. The photograph is placed at the top left of the biography. Personal
hobbies will be deleted from the biography.