Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
ABBREVIATIONS
IWMP
-
Integrated Watershed Management Programme
I&PH
-
Irrigation and Public Health
WDF
-
Watershed Development Fund
NPK
-
Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium
GP
-
Gram Panchayat
AF
-
Afforestation
GT
-
Grass land with Trees
GS
-
Grass Seed
CCT
-
Continues Contour Trench
SCT
-
Staggered Contour Trench
AH
CP
-
Agro Horticulture
Compost Pit
DH
-
Dray land Horticulture
S.CPCT
-
Strengthening of Continues Peripheral Contour Trench
CPL
-
Community Pasture Land
MPT
-
Mini Percolation Tank
PT
-
Percolation Tank
NPM
-
Non Pesticide Management
MN
-
Micro Nutrients
EPA
-
Entry Point Activity
UG
-
User Group
D1
-
Very Shallow (0.15)
D2
D3
-
Shallow (0.30)
Moderately deep (0.45)
D4
-
Deep (more than 5)
E1
-
Sheet erosion
E2
E3
-
Rill erosion
Small Gullied Erosion
E4
-
Severe Gulled Erosion
S1
-
Slope (15% -20%)
S2
-
Slope (20% -25%)
S3
-
Slope (25% -30%)
1
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Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
2. WATERSHED AT A GLANCE
General Information
1
Name of the watershed
Kurpan khud
2
Name of the Panchayat
Gadej, Ghatu, Sarahan, ,Rahnu, Gamog, Shilli,
Durah, Lot, Dehra, Nither
3.
Name of the Block
4
Name of the District
5.
Geographical Area of the Watershed
6.
Micro Watershed consist of Watershed and
Watershed Codes
7.
Major Water Source
8.
River flowing nearby the watershed area
9.
Livelihood Options
Nirmand
Kullu
5218 ha
1A2b3L2a, 1A2b3L16d, 1A2b3L12b,
1A2b3L12c, 1A2b3L2c, 1A2b3L1b, 1A2b3M1b,
1A2b3m1c, 1A2b3M1b, 1A2b3M1a,
Supplied water & natural points
Satluj
Paddy, Wheat, Jo, Barley, Pulses, and Vegetables
cultivation & handicraft
Demography
10.
Population
47, 917
11.
Number of Males
6871
12.
Number of Females
6489
Agriculture
13.
Major Crops
14.
Marketing
Paddy, Wheat, Jo, Barley, Pulses
Local
Horticulture
15.
Major Crops
Apple, Pear, Cherry, Plum, Almond, Walnut
16.
Marketing
17
Animal Husbandry
Families involved in Animal Husbandry
18
Livestock
19
Daily Milk Production
Outstation (Shimla, Chandigarh, Delhi)
3014
Buffalo, Cow, Ox Sheep Goat Mule, Other
2013 Ltrs
Land Characteristics
20
Slope
20-30. /.
21
Erosion
Landslide
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Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
3. Executive Summary
The Integrated Watershed Management Program (IWMP) is a set of common guideline for
implementing watershed projects in the country. The Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD),
Ministry of Agriculture and the National Wasteland Development Project for Rainfed Areas use
this guideline for making the process of planning and implementation of watershed projects more
participatory, inclusive, sustainable and equitable.
The Institute for Integrated Rural Development, IIRD Shimla is supporting the Department of
Rural Development, H.P. in preparing integrated watershed planning in many districts including
the one for Kullu district.
The proposed watershed area in Kullu district is located in its Nirmand block spanning across 10
Panchayats. The geographical area of the watershed is 5218 ha. The micro watershed includes
Krupan Khad 12-1A2b3L2a (Gamog), Satluj 1- 1A2b3L16d (Durah), Krupan Khad 131A2b3L12b (Lote), Krupan Khad 14-1A2b3L12c (Ggadej), Bajauri Khad 1-1A2b3L2c (Dehra),
Bajauri Khad 1-1A2b3L2b (Nither), Kurpan Khad 11-1A2b3M1b (Gathu), Krupan Khad 101A2b3M1c (Shilli), Krupan Khad 9-1A2b3M1b (Rahnu), and Krupan Khad 81A2b3M1a
(Sarahan).
The process of preparing the integrated watershed planning to produce Detailed Project Report
started with data collection from the field both from secondary sources like the Patwari, Gram
Panchayat and primary data collection through household surveys and PRA exercises. Focused
Group Discussions and transact walks were organized to involve community participation in
planning development activities in the watershed areas. Gram Sabhas were organized to pass
resolutions to approve the proposed development works relating to agriculture and horticulture
productivity, soil and water resources conservation, micro enterprises development and common
property resources etc.
In agricultural activities, people have shown increased inclination towards vegetable cultivation.
About 300 ha area is expected to be covered under vegetable cultivation. An expected increase of
8,000 per HH is expected from the same. Vegetable collection centre will be established resulting
in better infrastructure facilities to the villagers. SRI cultivation is proposed to be introduced in 2
panchayats and will benefit 400 HH. In horticulture people have expressed interest in
establishment of a horticulture collection centres resulting in increasing of storage facility to the
tune of 50 quintals.
Cattle feed production units are proposed under animal husbandry. This will ensure the availability
of fodder for better part of the year. In addition fodder plantation will be done in one panchayat to
meet the local fodder needs of the region.
Around 259 people have expressed interest to undertake farm based micro enterprises such as Bee
keeping, Poultry farming, and Dairy etc. Some of the livelihood enhancement activities proposed
by the project beneficiaries include activities such as opening small restaurants, poultry farming
and sewing centre etc. For improving soil, water and common property resources in the proposed
watershed area, certain activities such as construction of Check dams, Gully plugs, Contour
trenching and plantation etc have been proposed in the detailed project report. IWMP fund as per
the guideline is Rs 78,270,000 with beneficiary contribution to the tune of Rs 2591371.00 and Rs
420284.00 through convergence.
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Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
Chapter One
Introduction, Objectives &
Methodology
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Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
4. Introduction
Sustainable eco-friendly development of the rural areas is the primary aim of Integrated Watershed
Management Programme (IWMP). A multi disciplinary approach encompassing the judicious use
of natural resources brings sustained development for the region.
Productivity enhancement through livelihood activities as agriculture, horticulture, animal
husbandry, and micro entrepreneurship form a vital part of Integrated Watershed Management
Programme (IWMP). This is an evolving process through which decisions are made for the
sustainable use, development, restoration and protection of ecosystem features, functions and
linkages.
The proposed project is situated in the NIRMAND BLOCK of Kullu District in Himachal
Pradesh containing 10 GPs & 166 Villages. The geographical coordinates are 31° 25' 27.36732"
North, 77° 34' 35.48208" East. The nearest market to the area is Rampur which is around 40
kilometres away. As per 2011 Census, the population of District Shimla and Kullu is 813384 and
437474 respectively. The population in Nirmand is 47917.
Even though a diversified mix of occupation exists in the area, however the philosophy of working
with the soil still occupies the major base for livelihood.
The project endeavours to accelerate the income generating activities in the locality with rigorous
emphasis on the natural resource conservation in watershed basin.
5. Objectives
To prepare detail implementation plan on participatory basis for conservation and rejuvenation of
natural resources for strengthening the livelihood of the people besides creating additional
livelihood options.
Guiding Principles
The Integrated Watershed Management Programme envisages bringing together all stakeholders
including local community, Panchayati raj, concern government departments and any other party
involved in watershed management program for a coordinated planning, implementation and
maintenance of natural resources for sustainable development in rural areas of the country. Some
of the overarching aims of this programme are outline below:
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Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
1. Resource development: Resource development and usage to promote farming and allied
activities to support local livelihoods while ensuring resource conservation and
regeneration.
2. Equity and Gender Sensitivity: Project Implementing Agencies (PIAs), must facilitate
the equity processes such as a) enhanced livelihood opportunities for the poor through
investment in their assets and improvements in productivity and income, b) improving
access of the poor, especially women to the benefits, c) enhancing role of women in
decision making processes and their representation in the institutional arrangements and d)
ensuring access to usufruct rights from the common property resources for the resource
poor.
3. Decentralization: P r o j e c t m a n a g e m e n t w o u l d i m p r o v e w i t h
decentralization, delegation and professionalism. Establishing suitable institutional
arrangements within the overall framework of the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs), and
the operational flexibility in norms to suit varying local conditions will enhance
decentralization. Empowered committees with delegation to rationalise the policies,
continuity in administrative support and timely release of funds are the other instruments
for effective decentralization.
4. Centrality of Community Participation: Involvement of primary stakeholders is at the
centre of planning, budgeting, implementation, and management of watershed projects.
Community organizations may be closely associated with and accountable to Gram Sabhas
in project activities.
6.
Methodology
During the process of preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR) the following methodology
was employed to collect data relating to land records, educational status, agriculture and
horticulture practices etc. It involved collection of data from local government functionaries like
the Patwari, Gram Panchayat and Land revenue department etc.
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Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
6.1 Collection of Secondary Data
Collaboration from various development agencies was sought while collecting the
secondary data. Field data relating to horticulture and agriculture production in the region
were collected from Hill Agriculture Research & Extension Centre, CSK H.P.K.V.V.
Bajaura. Metrological data for the region was collected from metrological centre Shimla.
Land details of farmers in the watershed area were collected from revenue department.
Animal husbandry forms an important part of livelihood activities in the watershed area.
Data relating to activities coming under the preview of livelihood were collected from
animal husbandry department.
Data pertaining to the existing status of irrigation facilities in the watershed area were
collected from the IPH department. Gram Panchayat also provided a basic overview of the
demands in the region and helped in formulating a demand draft for the watershed area.
6.2 Collection of primary data
Household survey was conducted in ten gram Panchayats of the watershed area.
Information pertaining to livelihood activities as setting up of dairy farming, nursery
raising, sewing centres, beekeeping, poultry, vermicomposting units and carpentry units
were collected from household survey in the entire gram Panchayats. Information pertaining
to agriculture/ horticulture status and existing animal husbandry practices were collected.
6.3 Collection of primary data through conduct of PRA exercises
PRA approach was adopted wherein the local people enthusiastically involved themselves
in planning for their respective panchayats. PRA exercises were conducted for ensuring
participation of the various stakeholders. These exercises were conducted during the months
of October & November in which most of the local community attended and participated in
it. All these exercises were properly documented along with signatures of the participants.
The team from IIRD Shimla visited the villages located within the watershed area for
conducting the PRA exercises. Following rounds of initial discussions and rapport building
meetings the team conducted the following PRA exercises to collect the required
information and data for preparing the Detailed Project Report under the IWMP.

Social resource mapping

Seasonality Analysis

Natural Resource mapping
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Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP

Venn Diagram

Pie-Chart Diagram

Time Line Analysis

Transact walk

Focused group discussion
6.4 Participatory planning
Participatory planning methodology was adopted wherein extensive community level
interaction was done.
People from all wards attended the gram sabha meetings where existing status of their needs
was assessed in respect to agriculture, horticulture, livelihood and maintenance of common
property resources. Resolutions were sought from the gram Panchayats listing the requirements
pertaining to livelihood, watershed works, and common property resources work to be done in
the watershed area.
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Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
9
7 SWOT analysis of Micro-Watershed of Nirmand Block
Sl.
No
Area of
Intervention
Strengths
 The area is suitable for
cultivation of wheat,
cabbage, peas, maize, and
pulses.
1.
Agriculture
Horticulture
 Lack of irrigation facilities
 Availability of a ready
market for the agriculture
produces in the nearby
towns of Rampur, Kullu
and Mandi.
 Existence of Horticulture
research centre at Bajaura.
2.
Weaknesses
 High production of fruits
like apple and
pomegranate.
Opportunities
 If provided with proper
irrigation considerable
increase in agriculture
production can be assured
Threats
 Lack of irrigation facilities.
 Promotion of organic
farming
 Promotion of drip
irrigation practices
 Lack of storage facilities
 Availability of Land
 Lack of proper transportation
facilities
 Interest of the villagers to
expand horticulture
activities
 Formation of milk society
 Climate Change
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
 Presence of strong
infrastructure for dairy
industry development.
3.
Animal
Husbandry
 Lack of adequate supply of fodder
through the year
10
 Providing improved cattle
breeds to increase milk
production.
 Chilling plant in operation
at Duttnagar,Rampur.
 Prevalence of animal
Diseases
 Lack of awareness of dairy
farming as a commercial
activity
 Majority of households
engaged in Animal
Husbandry activities.
 Water availability through
kulhs, Bawries.
4.
Natural
Resources
BPL
Household’s
Livelihoods
 Lack of water storage tanks
 Construct water storage
tank for irrigation
 Most of the people are
small and marginal
farmers.
 Lack of knowledge base
 Lack of motivation.
 If provided with livelihood
options the income level of
the households can be
increased and the BPL
status can be changed.
 Quality of Life will
increase.
 Peoples are interested for
innovative sustainable
livelihood option.
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 Kulhs are drying due to
climate change.
 Creation of Gully Plugs to
stop soil erosion at the
watershed area.
.
5.
 Kulhs do not connect all villages.
 Due to lack of knowledge
BPL households are not
taking up innovative
schemes being promoted by
government.
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
 People are doing some
Micro-Enterprises in an
unorganized way
6.
MicroEnterprises
and
Production
Systems
 People having the basic
skills like Handloom,
Shawl Weaving at the
watershed area.
 Lack of organized micro-enterprise
activities.
 Lack of sustainable livelihood
option.
 Lack of Management skills
 Lack of technical support
 Lack of organized marketing
facilities
11
 If provided good technical
support and motivation
they can run the units in an
organized way.
 Promotion of innovative
livelihood option at the
watershed area.
 Income level will increase
 Creation of organized
Handloom Unit
 Creation of organized BeeKeeping units.
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 Lack of knowledge of
government incentives may
fail to make an impact at
ground level.
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
Chapter Two
Overview of the Watershed Area
12
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
7. Overview of the Watershed
7.1 Background of the Area
The proposed project area is located in Nirmand Block of Kullu District in Himachal Pradesh.
The nearest town to Nirmand is Rampur which is around 20 kilometres away. The Block head
quarter is located at a distance of 80 kilometres from the proposed area. As per the 2001 census,
the project area has 2260 households with a population of 13360, out of which 6871 are male &
6489 are female. The average size of the family is 5 persons per household. Rajputs & Brahmins
are the prime inhabitants of the area with agriculture being the mainstay for livelihood.
The proposed project would ensure regeneration, conservation & judicious use of natural (land,
water & plant) resources & making these available in a sustainable manner for the poorest people.
Atmosphere building and people’s participation will be ascertained through meetings, baseline
survey & PRA technique before the action plan is initiated.
70-80% of the total area is under rain-fed agriculture with the rainfall season being limited within
Pre-Kharif and Kharif seasons. Cultivation in drier months is limited to small patches where
limited irrigation from nearby rivulets is available. The average rainfall is 1160 mm. The climate
of the area is sub tropical characterized by rainfall from July to September, drought both in pre
and post monsoon period and frost of moderate intensity in December and January.
7.2 Geographical Characteristics
Kullu is located, in central part of the state of Himachal Pradesh, in the northern region of India. It is
240 km north of Shimla. The Kullu valley, about 80 kms long and often less than 2 kms wide, rises
northward from Mandi at 760m to the Rohtang La
at 3980m, the gateway to Lahaul and Spiti.
For development purpose, the district has been
divided into five blocks viz. Naggar, Kullu, Banjar,
Ani and Nirmand. There are 204 Gram Panchayats
and 172 revenue villages having many hamlets.
Total population is 437474 as per 2011 census
(Male 224320 and Female 213154).
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Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
7.3
Location Map of Nirmand Block
7.4 Climate
Summers are mild in Kullu while temperatures fall below freezing point during winters. The upper
valley region in the district is nearer to snow line, has a higher altitude and has temperate climate.
It receives good snowfall and the winter is severe. The climatic conditions in upper Kullu valley are
found suitable for production of seeds of temperate vegetable crop.
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Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
7.5 Soil
Mountain ranges, hills and valleys dominate the region. The region is known to have grey wooded
podzoilc soil.
SL NO
AGROCLIMATIC
ZONE
CHARACTERISTICS
1.
Mid-hill subhumid zone
The elevation of this zone varies from 651 to 1800m alms. Soil texture
varies from loam to clay loam and soils are deficient in N & P with
poor water & nutrient holding capacity. Soils are acidic in reaction.
The average rainfall is about 1500mm. In this zone, wheat, paddy,
maize, seed potato, pulses and oilseeds are the main crops. Stone and
citrus fruits occupy considerable area. Forest and pastures are also
important in this zone.
2.
High-hills
temperate wet
zone
The elevation of this zone lies above 1800m alms. The soils are
shallow in depth, acidic in reaction, silt loam to loam in texture and
deficient in N & P. Terrace farming is practiced. Soil erosion, low
fertility and inadequate water management are main problems of this
zone. The main crops are wheat, maize, paddy, barley, pulses and
oilseeds. Mostly Rainfed farming is practiced. The average rainfall is
about 1000mm. This zone is suitable for raising off-season vegetable.
Temperate vegetable seed production, Apple production is a dominate
occupation in the region.
7.6 Agro Climatic Zone:
Source: Dep’t. Agriculture, HP
7.7 Agro Ecological Situation
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Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
SL
No
Agro ecological
situation
Characteristics
1.
Valley areas
This includes the valley areas having elevation ranging from 651 to 1300m
alms in all the five development blocks. The average annual rainfall is
about 1000mm. Soils is Entice and Inception with gentle slopping
topography. The net cultivated area under this AES is about 12.7 thousand
ha (35.05%) with partial irrigation facilities. Main sources of irrigation are
flow and lift irrigation schemes. Vegetables, cereal and fruit based
cropping systems are predominant in this AES. The net cultivated area is
spread over approximately 54.3, 11.8, 11.8, 11.8 and 10.3% in Kullu,
Naggar, Banjar, Nirmand and Ani blocks, respectively.
2.
Mid-hill mild
temperate areas
Area of this AES also spreads through the five blocks of the districts. The
elevation of this AES ranges from 651 to 1300m alms having annual
rainfall of about 1540mm. The soils are Entice, Inception and Mollisol.
Topography is hilly terrain. The net cultivated area is about 16.02 thousand
ha (44.23%) with meagre irrigation facilities. Cereal, pulse, fruits and
vegetable based cropping systems are predominantly in practice in this
AES. The net cultivated area is spread over approximately 19.2, 16.7, 20.6,
18.5 and 24.7% in Kullu, Naggar, Banjar, Nirmand and Ani blocks,
respectively.
3.
High-hill
temperate areas
Area of this AES too spreads in all the five blocks of the district with
elevation ranging from 1300 to 1800 m alms. Average rainfall is about
1078 mm and soil types are Alfisol and Inception. Topography is hilly
terrain having net cultivated area of approximately 6.0 thousand ha (16.58
%) with inadequate irrigation facilities. Fruits, off-season vegetables,
pulses and traditional mountain crops are predominant. The net cultivated
area under this AES is spread over approximately 41.3, 25.0, 15.1, 13.3 and
5.3% in Kullu, Naggar, Banjar, Nirmand and Ani.
4.
High hill wet
temperate areas
This AES also extends in all the five blocks with elevation above 1800 m
alms with medium shallow soil. Topography is hilly terrain with net
cultivated area of approximately 1.5 thousand ha (4.14%). Heavy snowfall
with one growing season is characteristic feature in some of areas in this
AES. Mountain traditional crops, pulses, cereals, fruits and vegetables are
grown by the peasants. The net cultivated area under this AES is spread
over approximately 33.3, 21.0, 12.3 and 13.3% in Kullu, Naggar, Banjar
and Nirmand blocks, respectively.
Source: HP govt. website
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17
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
Soil Map of Nirmand Block
Nirmand Block at a Glance
T
O
T
A
l
area
sq
km
POPULATIO
N
T
M F
O
A
E
T
L
M
A
E
A
L
L
E
N
U
M
B
E
R
O
F
G
P
No of Panchayat
members
T F S
S
O E C
T
T M
A A
L L
E
77.4
5
47,
91
7
26
16
2
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24,
58
3
23,
33
4
3
4
72
-
Irrigation
(Hec.)
I
Non
R Irrigate
R
d
I
G
A
T
E
D
51
9, 205
8
Net Area
Shown
under
Agricultu
re
5, 736
Watershed
Number
of Micro
Watershe
d
Schemes
Area
Covere
d
(Hec.)
9
5, 000
18
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
Climatic Zone
Name of Area
the Agro in ha
Climatic
Zone
covers
project
area
Sub
5218
Tropical
Name of Major
soil Topography
the
types
Villages Type Area
in ha
Flood & Major crops
Drought
Name
Area
(ha.)
166
villages
( the list
is shown
above)
None
Sandy
-loam
5218
Undulating
eat & 4139
maize
Average Annual Rainfall
MONTH
RAINFALL
(MM)
TEMPERATURE 0 C
MAXIMUM
MINIMUM
OCTOBER2008
NOVEMBER,2008
DECEMBER, 2008
JANUARY,2009
FEBRUARY,2009
MARCH,2009
APRIL,2009
MAY, 2009
JUNE,2009
JULY, 2009
AUGUST,2009
25.4
11.6
39.4
18.8
36.4
38.8
58.8
45.8
47.8
101.2
43.1
26.8
09.9
23.5
02.9
20.0
02.0
17.4
03.5
20.6
05.1
23.3
06.3
27.1
09.0
30.1
11.9
33.8
15.3
32.2
20.3
31.4
21.2
GP wise Slope range
GP
Nither
Slope percentage
20-30%
Area in hec.
40%
Dehra
20-30%
40%
Durah
20-30%
40%
Lote
20-30%
40%
Shilli
20-30%
40%
Gamog
20-30%
40%
Ghato
20-30%
40%
Rahnu
20-30%
40%
Sarahan
20-30%
60%
Gadej
10-20%
40%
Source; Baseline Survey
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RELATIVE
HUMIDITY
(%)
66.5
62.0
62.0
66.5
60.5
58.5
58.0
57.5
55.5
64.5
68.5
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Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
The Hydrogeological frame work of the district is essentially controlled by the geological setting,
distribution of rainfall, snow fall, which facilities circulation and movement of water through interconnected primary and secondary rocks constituting the aquifers.
Based on the diversities and relative ground water potentialities of different geological formations, the
district can broadly be divided into two Hydrogeological units.
i. Fissured formations
ii. Porous formations
7.8 Population Classification
As per the 2001 census, the project area contains 2260 households with a population of 13360, out of
which 6871 are male & 6489 are female. The average size of the family is 5.3 persons per household.
Rajputs & Brahmins are the prime inhabitants of the area with agriculture being the mainstay for
livelihood.
7.9 GP wise Population & Household Details
GP
Dehra
Durah
Gadej
Gamog
Ghatu
Lote
Nithar
Rahnu
Sarahan
Shilli
Total
Male
Female
Total
739
791
597
424
745
736
586
429
1484
1527
1183
853
SC
205
224
97
99
648
871
684
1004
666
447
6871
553
787
636
939
644
434
6489
1201
1658
1320
1943
1310
881
13360
159
133
84
191
62
65
1319
ST
8
0
6
5
19
0
0
39
0
1
78
Source; Baseline Survey conducted by IIRD, Shimla in 2011
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Household
OBC
BPL
20
93
9
113
6
68
0
41
10
12
0
4
0
2
63
91
98
63
114
82
37
800
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
As per the baseline survey findings, Rahnu GP is most populated with 1004 males & 939 females.
SC population is found dominating in number compare to the ST population in almost all the gram
panchayats. Almost all the gram panchayats have more than 30 BPL families. Durah, Rahnu, Dehra
& Lote Gram Panchayats have more than 90 BPL families. Gamog & Shilli gram panchayats
contain less BPL families compare to other gram panchayats
7.10 Land use Pattern
Owing to varying type of physiographic & climatic condition the land in the area is uneven. The land
cover mapping was carried through the remote sensing data. Uniform patches of barren land and small
forests cover the area with most of the area being rain fed.
Water distribution is managed through kulhs during the Kharif season. The water capacity of kulhs
varies, as per the region, though.
Land under Agri/Horticulture
usage
9959ha
Forest land
14643ha
(As per land data records) land in hectare
IIRD Shimla
20
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
7.11 The Watershed Area
The Nirmand watershed consists of one Sixty Six revenue villages having total area of 5218 hectares.
This watershed envisages covering an area of 5218 hectares falling in these villages.
Watershed area Nirmand Block
IIRD Shimla
21
22
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
7.12 Land Holdings
As per the survey conducted by the organization, majority of the farmers are either Small farmers
(less than 5 Bigha) or Marginal farmers (6-25 Bigha). There are 1443 small famer households and
1247 marginal farmer households in the area. As per the information provided during the survey, there
are 146 landless households in the area
Land less
Small Farmer
<5 Bigha
Marginal Farmer
5-25 Bigha
Medium
Farmer 25-75
Bigha
Big Farmer
>75 Bigha
146
1443
1247
52
3080
Land Ownership Details
Land Ownership
GP
Landless
Small
Marginal
Medium
Total Households
farmer
farmer
farmer
farmer
( 0) ( 0-4 bigha)
( 5-24)
(24- above)
Dehra
11
160
145
1
327
Durah
20
129
195
8
383
Gadej
38
123
69
8
274
Gamog
0
151
51
1
224
Ghatu
7
159
42
3
255
Lote
33
192
163
10
421
Nithar
6
108
163
3
332
Rahnu
10
190
188
10
422
Sarahan
12
125
124
3
235
Shilli
9
106
107
5
207
Total
146
1443
1247
52
3080
Source; Baseline Survey conducted by IIRD, Shimla in 2011
The baseline information regarding the ownership of the land as presented above shows that in all the
targeted gram panchayats, small scale farmers are in dominance. Ghatu & Lote, Dehra & Rahnu
contain more small farmers while Nithar & Shilli have less small farmers. The majority of landless
farmers reside in Gamog, Nithar & Shilli Gram Panchayats. Shilli, Nithar, Gamog have less landless
farmers. Rahnu & Durah have more marginal farmers compare to other Gram Panchayats. Practising
crop rotation can help stabilize the limited land the farmers own in the area. The same is suffering
from destabilization owing to soil erosion.
IIRD Shimla
23
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
7.13 Livestock Population
Livestock population in the watershed area:
Cow Nos.
Ox
Sheep
Goat
2345
427
78
71
Others
18
Livestock Details
2
Sr.
no
GP
Buffalo
Cow
Total
Milk
Numb
er
Mil Numb Milk
k
er
(lt.)
(lt.)
0
0
230
212
Goat
Shee Ox
Mule
Other
p
Num Nu
Numb Numb Num
ber
mbe er
er
ber
r
212
1
1
15
0
0
1
Dehra
2
Durah
27
8
275
262
268
4
1
7
0
2
3
Gadej
13
4
181
157
161
3
1
83
1
3
4
0
0
166
123
123
2
2
5
0
0
5
Gamo
g
Ghatu
1
0
202
143
143
12
15
70
5
3
6
Lote
5
1
306
260
261
2
2
5
1
3
7
Nithar
0
0
238
217
217
0
0
0
0
3
8
Rahnu
0
0
333
287
287
18
13
141
2
3
9
Sarah
an
Shilli
0
0
235
211
211
27
41
61
0
1
1
1
179
141
142
2
2
40
5
0
47
14
2345
2013
2025
71
78
427
14
18
10
Total
4
3
Source; Baseline Survey conducted by IIRD, Shimla in 2011
Durah, Lote & Rahnu Gram Panchayats have maximum cows while the population of goats has been
found the maximum in Ghatu, Rahnu & Sarahan. Maximum 27 numbers of goats were found in
Sarahan & Ghatu & Rahnu have 12 & 18 number of goats respectively. These three Gram Panchayats
have also more sheeps compare to the other seven GPs. Not many people were found keeping buffalo.
The data shows that Durah has 27 numbers of buffalo & Gadej holds 13 whiles the other Gram
Panchayats have a minimal number of buffaloes. Rahnu, Ghatu, Sarahan & Gadej hold more 40
numbers of Ox.
Milk & meat markets needs to be strengthened for accelerating the current upward trend of livestock
rearing.
IIRD Shimla
24
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
Occupational details
GP
Agriculture Horticulture Fishery
Dehra
212
0
Durah
189
230
0
323
Gadej
225
48
0
Gamog
171
177
Ghatu
243
Lote
Labour
Jobs
Trade
92
117
6
1
160
144
4
194
2
83
69
19
0
147
8
10
13
0
89
0
221
5
124
34
6
337
365
0
301
0
254
46
11
Nithar
190
201
0
56
2
86
75
7
Rahnu
399
242
0
351
9
239
97
9
Sarahan
247
220
0
249
3
207
30
5
Shilli
190
158
0
16
18
85
25
8
2403
1869
0
2101
54
1340
650
75
Total
139
Animal Skilled
husbandr
y
243
6
Source; Baseline Survey Conducted by IIRD, Shimla
IIRD Shimla
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
Chapter Three
Preparatory, Work Execution and
Consolidation phase
IIRD Shimla
25
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
Phase 1: Preparatory
The initial year of the project will be devoted for preparatory activities being facilitated by the
Watershed Development Team. The activities contain primarily ensuring community participation,
entry point activities, preparation of DPR, methods & mechanism, strengthening local institutions
(SHG and UG).
Entry Point Activities
Sr.No Name of the
EPA activities planned
GP
1
Ghatu
available
Irrigation Kulh from Lanj 3rd to Gurjar Ropa
Irrigation Kulh at Gharat Rapa
2
Shilli
Irrigation tank at Bashla
Irrigation Kulh at Bahawa
3
Gadej
Repair of Bayal Kulh at Bugar
4
Durah
Irrigation tank at Khanog nala
Irrigation tank at Khanog nala
5
Rahnu
Irrigation Kulhs from Mainag to Thanthal
Irrigation Kulh from Sharga to Deog
6
Sarahan
Community Drinking water tank at Matadi
Water tank at Jharal
Community water tank at Village Dhalahar near
Nehrulal’s field
7
Nithar
Community Drinking water tank at Jhali
Community Drinking water tank at Nithar
Community Drinking water tank at Damah
8
Lote
Irrigation tank at Shai nala
9
Dehra
Irrigation tank at Dehra Bawadi
Irrigation tank at Brat Baudi
10
Gamog
Irrigation tank at Jagahahg
Irrigation tank at Sarenu
Irrigation tank at Bilaseri
IIRD Shimla
Total funds
Rs. 31, 30, 800/-
26
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
Preparation of DPR
Institute for Integrated Rural Development (IIRD) Shimla has been assigned to prepare the Detailed
Project Report (DPR) for the implementation the watershed project under Integrated Watershed
Management Programme (IWMP).
Strengthening PIA
Strengthening the PIA is imperative for effective implementation of the development work to be
carried in the watershed area. Capacity building forms an important part of this strategy. District level
capacity building exercise involving orientation on innovation in watershed management as
construction of gully plugs, rain water harvesting structures need to be included while orienting the
PIA on common property resource management. Similar innovations need to be tried while
formulating capacity building plan for the PIA in other development areas related to the watershed
management.
First Year:
1. Orientation of Watershed Development Teams and Panchayat Officials
2. Orientation course on Fund Management for Watershed Development Teams, User Groups &
SHGs.
Second Year:
1. Orientation programme on Group management and Livelihood Activities with special focus on
Nursery Raising, Diary Development, Goat rearing, Sheep Rearing, Basket making & Small
Restaurant.
2. Orientation for members of User Groups (UGs) and Self Help Groups (SHGs).
3. Orientation of Watershed Development Team (WDT) on Monitoring and Evaluation of the
Project with special focus on RTI, Social Audit and Transparency.
4. Details of Activity for Preparatory Phase (Initiation of Cluster level institution, Capacity building,
IEC activities, Baseline Survey, Hydro geological survey, identifying technical support agency
are explained as below
IIRD Shimla
27
28
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
Budget
Budget for Administrative, monitoring & evaluation activities (Preparatory phase)
SL. No.
Particulars
Details
Amount
1
Administrative Cost
Rs. 1565400@
5 year
2
Monitoring
Rs. 260900@
3 Year (2nd,3rd,4th)
3
Evaluation
Rs. 260900 @
4 Year (3rd 4th 5th )
Total
7827000.00
782700.00
782700.00
9392400.00
Ninety Three Lakh Ninety Two Thousand Four Hundred only .
Budget for Preparatory Phase
S. No
Particulars
Details
Amount
First Year
A
Preparation of DPR
1%
782700.00
B
Entry Point Activities
4%
3130800.00
C
Institutional and Capacity Building
5%
3913500.00
Project Management
Innovations in Watershed management
Project Monitoring & Evaluation
Conceptual frame works of watershed
development
Distt. Level
Common Guideline
20 per @2000 for
5days
Identification of watershed Area
No of Trainings: 2
400000.00
Problem Analyses
Support system to watershed project
PIA.s
GIS application in watershed Project
Conceptual frame works of watershed
development
WDT Level
Social &Managerial aspects of
watershed Dev.
IIRD Shimla
4 per @ 1500 for
5days
No of Trainings: 4
120000.00
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
Technical aspects of watershed Dev.
Project Implementation Process
&Strategies
Participatory Monitoring of watershed
Project
Agri.Hort.Livestock Agro-Forestry
Practices in watershed
MIS application in Watershed Work
GIS application in watershed Project
Livelihood &IGA Strategies
Conceptual frame works of watershed
development
GP Level
23 per @ 1000 for
5 days.
Community Institute Capacity building
799500.00
No of trainings: 8
Sustainable Livelihood Area specific
Project process documentation
Second Year
Project Management
Innovations in Watershed management
Project Monitoring &Evaluation
Conceptual frame works of watershed
development
District
Level
Command Guideline
20 per @2000 for
5days
Identification of watershed Area
No of Trainings: 2
400000.00
Problem Analyses
Support system to watershed project
PIA.s
GIS application in watershed Project
Conceptual frame works of watershed
development
Social &Managerial aspects of
watershed Dev.
WDT Level
Technical aspects of watershed Dev
Social &Managerial aspects of
watershed Dev.
Project Implementation Process
&Strategies
Participatory Monitoring of watershed
IIRD Shimla
4 per @ 1500
for 5days.
No of
Trainings: 4
120000.00
29
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
Project
Agri.Hort.Livestock Agro-Forestry
Practices in watershed
MIS application in Watershed Work
GIS application in watershed Project
Livelihood &IGA Strategies
Conceptual frame works of watershed
development
GP Level
25 per @ 1000 for
5days.
Community Institute Capacity building
799500.00
No of trainings: 8
Sustainable Livelihood Area specific
Project process documentation
Third Year
Project Management
Innovations in Watershed management
Project Monitoring &Evaluation
Conceptual frame works of watershed
development
District
Level
Command Guideline
Identification of watershed Area
20 per @2000 for
5days
400000.00
No of Trainings: 2
Problem Analyses
Support system to watershed project
PIA.s
GIS application in watershed Project
Conceptual frame works of watershed
development
Social &Managerial aspects of
watershed Dev.
Technical aspects of watershed Dev
Social &Managerial aspects of
watershed Dev.
4 per @ 1500 for
5days.
Project Implementation Process &
Strategies.
No of Trainings: 4
WDT Level
Participatory Monitoring of watershed
Project
Agri.Hort.Livestock Agro-Forestry
Practices in watershed
MIS application in Watershed Work
IIRD Shimla
120000.00
30
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
GIS application in watershed Project
Livelihood &IGA Strategies
Conceptual frame works of watershed
development
GP Level
25 per @ 1000 for
5 days.
Community Institute Capacity building
No of trainings: 8
Sustainable Livelihood Area specific
Project process documentation
IIRD Shimla
799500.00
31
32
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
9. Phase 2: Works Execution
9.1 Natural Resources Management
Existing Status
The watershed area is prone to soil erosion and landslides. This has led to rapid degradation of
soil and has impacted agriculture productivity to a marginal extent. Barren land is observed in
patches in the watershed area and need to be remediated through plantation of suitable floral
species. Lack of water availability for irrigation particularly during summer months is another
major problem.
Potential for improvement
There is viable scope for technological interventions in areas as agriculture, horticulture thereby
improving soil quality in the area. Soil erosion has caused enormous loss in productivity levels in
Nirmand block. Stabilizing the soil should be the utmost priority, thereby bringing qualitative
improvement in life standards. Plantation needs to be undertaken on a large scale.
Construction of crate wire, irrigation tanks, gully pugs and check dams need to be
undertaken on a priority basis.
Proposed activities
S.No
1
Activity
Irrigation
Channels (Kulhs)
2
No of
Beneficiar
ies
IWMP Fund
7541rmt
6216 HH
8328129.00
500 ha
Availability of water for
irrigation round the year.
50 No
300 H.H
9678391.00
700 ha
Additional water storage
capacity of 3147.5 cu.mt
4305.mtrs
5000 H.H
1905556.00
50 ha
Increase in slope
stabilization.
38.No
1300 H.H
5322995.00
2000 ha
Additional water storage
capacity of 32400 cu.mt
17560 rmt
2500.H.H
3932085.00
250 H.H
Availability of drinking
water round the year
1205 mt
500 H.H
1471715.00
450 ha
Promotion of rain water
harvesting and help to
No of Units
Area to be
Treated
(ha)
Irrigation Tank
3
Crate Wire
4
Pond
5
Pipe line
6
Gully plug
IIRD Shimla
Outcome
(Quantified)
33
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
recharge springs.
7
4.No
350 H.H
2402744.00
260 ha
58.No
4500H.H
8906472.00
140 HH
Availability of drinking
water round the year
185.No
2500H.H
778364.00
1100 ha
Increase in water and
moisture level of soil.
4.No
4.H.H
700000.00
30 ha
11 no
10
Panchayat
825000.00
130 ha
-
44251451.00
Check Dam
Bawri
Maintenance
8
9
CCT
10
Roof Top Rain
Water harvesting
Plantation
11
Promotion of rain water
harvesting and help to
recharge springs.
Availability of water in
down streams
Total
-
Additional water storage
capacity of 192 cu.mt
Increase in green cover.
5220 ha
Outcome and justification
The proposed interventions are supposed to benefit around 24170 households in the project area. It
would help in improving ground water recharging, reduce soil erosion and increase water
availability for drinking as well as for irrigation purposes. All these activities are expected to
improve natural resources and its sustainable management.
Construction of Gully Plugging and Crate wire would help in improving ground water recharge in
970 hectares in the watershed area. These structures would help to break the slope and reduce the
velocity of surface runoff and improves ground recharge and soil moisture of the adjoining areas.
Construction of Irrigation tank, Pond, Wells and Root top harvesting structures would help in
increasing storage of 35,739 cu m. Around 25101 r m of water availability could be ensured for
irrigation purposed through construction of irrigation channel and pipe lines in the watershed area.
IIRD Shimla
34
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
9.2 Livelihood Activities
Existing status:
Livelihood activities form an imperative part of lifestyle of people in the watershed region. People
are involved in livelihood activities as dairy farming, nursery raising, goatary, poultry and
carpentry.
Proposed activities:
To further strengthen the livelihood option, additional support in form of technical knowhow and
financial assistance is proposed.
SL. No
Activity
Dairy farm
160
160
3201600.00
3201600.00
34
713000.00
713000.00
3000.00
86
366100.00
366100.00
2000.00
18
339950.00
339950.00
5000.00
10
170000
170000
3000.00
5
81550
81550
4000.00
42.00
704650.00
704650.00
4
70000.00
70000.00
3500.00
2
20000.00
20000.00
4500.00
2
30000.00
30000.00
2500.00
12
149600.00
149600.00
6000.00
3
45000
45000
5500.00
2
30000.00
30000.00
28
577850.00
577850.00
19000.00
Poultry Farm
34
2
20500.00
Sewing Centre
86
3
4000.00
Small Restaurant
18
4
19000.00
Sheep Rearing
10
5
17000.00
Bee Keeping
5
6
16000.00
Carpenter Tools
Distribution
5000.00
44.00
7
16000.00
Black Smith Tools
4
8
17500.00
Khadi Centre
2
9
10000.00
Basket Making
2
10
15000.00
Nursery Raising
12
11
12000.00
Fish Seed
3
12
15000.00
Atta Chakki
(Traditional )
2500.00
2
13
15000.00
Goat Rearing
IIRD Shimla
Total Cost
No of
No.
Average Benefi
of
Rate Per ciaries
Units Unit (Rs) (HH)
1
14
Funds from
IWMP
Expecte
d
increase
in
Monthly
income
per HH
(Rs)
4000.00
28
20500.00
3500.00
35
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
Vermi Compost
6
15
6
105000
105000
2000.00
17500.00
Vegetable
Cultivation
3500.00
1
16
1
10000
10000
4
100000.00
100000.00
1
30000.00
30000.00
7
190000.00
190000.00
5500.00
1
30000.00
30000.00
4500.00
1
30000.00
30000.00
5000.00
10000.00
Plumber Tools
4
17
4000.00
25000.00
Motor Mechanical
Tools
5000.00
1
18
30000.00
Shop
7
19
27000.00
Electrical Tools
1
20
30000.00
Tiles Machine
1
21
30000.00
Construction
Material
(Shuttering)
5000.00
3
22
3
35000.00
35000.00
1
15000.00
15000.00
12000.00
Tent House
23
1
3500.00
15000.00
Total
7044300.00
Outcome and justification
The proposed activities would benefits around 440 households in the watershed area. It would
provide employment opportunities to these households and is expected to increase their average
monthly income by Rs 3500/-.
IIRD Shimla
36
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
9.3 Production System
9.3.1 Agriculture
Existing Status
At present, pulses, maize, wheat, rice, cabbage, potatoes, peas, cauliflower, carrot, radish, turnip,
capsicum, bean, and tomato are being produced in the area. The climatic conditions in the area are
suitable for vegetable production. Pulses especially local Rajmah is grown throughout the watershed
region.
Proposed Interventions
The following activities have been proposed by the community in the proposed watershed area. The
community will benefit from the following interventions in improving vegetable production, irrigate
more farm land and intensify rice cultivation.
SL
No
Activity
No of
Panchayats
No of
Beneficia
ries (HH)
IWMP
Fund
Area to be
Treated
(ha)
1880 H.H
1
2
Vegetable
Cultivation
Rajmah
Cultivation
2
10
2
2
657000.00
240 H.H
20000
All
Villagers
Vegetable
Collection
Center
3
IIRD Shimla
20 ha
All
Villagers
190000.00
2
SRI
Cultivation
300ha
400 HH
35 hectares
180000.00
Outcome
(Quantified)
Rs 8,000/per month
Expected
increase of
10 kg per
HH
Easy
disbursement
of money to
growers
besides a
healthy
market for
the produce.
Rice
production of
450 ton
from 35
hectare
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
Outcome and Justification
The proposed activities will benefit 2520 households in the 10 Gram Panchayats of the watershed
area. It will help to increase household monthly income by Rs 12,000/- per month from 300
hectares of vegetable cultivation. In addition, systematic rice intensification is expected to
increase production of rice by 14 tons per households.
IIRD Shimla
37
38
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
9.3.2 Horticulture
Horticulture is an additional livelihood basis for the local farmers in the proposed area. Many
households are involved in horticulture activity. In order to improve the existing horticulture
infrastructure, cultivars of horticulture fruits as apple and pear will be provided. Fruits collection
centre with latest storage facilities will be developed
Existing Crop Production
Apple is the primary crop in the watershed area. Other fruits crops in the area include Cherry, Pear,
Plum, Almond and Apricot.
Potential for improvement
As apple is the key horticulture produce in the watershed area, it is proposed to bring more area under
apple production through a multiple set of activities including distribution of apple seedlings and
providing farmers with new rootstocks so that the disease threats can be minimized.
Proposed Intervention
SL.
No
1
2
Activity
No of
No of
Beneficiaries
Panchayats
(HH)
Plant
Distribution
Horticulture
Collection
Centre
10
8
2500 H.H
All Villagers
IWMP
Fund
Area to be
Treated
(ha)
1192000.00 172ha
All
850000.00 Villagers
Outcome
(Quantified)
Sapling
production
at HH level.
Availability
of 50 quintal
storage
facility.
Outcome and Justification
The proposed intervention will benefit 4500 households across 10 panchayats of the watershed area.
The horticulture collection centre will provided storage facility of around 50 quintal and is expected to
generate revenue to the panchayats. It can charge Rs 400 per household for storage of horticulture
crops. It will benefit the fruits growers of the watershed area by facilitating storage facility and enable
to avail good price of their produces.
IIRD Shimla
39
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
9.3.3 Livestock
Animal Husbandry is one of the major livelihood activities in the watershed area. As per the survey,
maximum numbers of households in the area are engaged in animal husbandry activities. Chief among
the domesticated animals in the watershed area are Cows, Goat and Sheep.
Livestock Details
SL. GP
No
Buffalo
Cow
Total
Milk
Shee Ox
Mule
Other
p
Num Nu
Numb Numb Numb
ber
mbe er
er
er
r
212
1
1
15
0
0
Numb
er
Mil Numb Milk
k
er
(lt.)
(lt.)
0
0
230
212
Goat
1
Dehra
2
Durah
27
8
275
262
268
4
1
7
0
2
3
Gadej
13
4
181
157
161
3
1
83
1
3
4
Gamog
0
0
166
123
123
2
2
5
0
0
5
Ghatu
1
0
202
143
143
12
15
70
5
3
6
Lote
5
1
306
260
261
2
2
5
1
3
7
Nithar
0
0
238
217
217
0
0
0
0
3
8
Rahnu
0
0
333
287
287
18
13
141
2
3
9
Sarahan
0
0
235
211
211
27
41
61
0
1
1
0
Shilli
1
1
179
141
142
2
2
40
5
0
47
14
2345
2013
2025
71
78
427
14
18
Total
Existing arrangements of fodder
In general villagers collect green fodder from the personal lands. As the demand for the fodder cannot
be met from the locally available sources all the time, the villagers also buy fodder from the local
vendors.
Proposed Intervention
SL. No
Activity
No of
Panchayat
s
(HH) No of
Beneficiarie
s
IWMP
Fund
Outcome
(Quantified)
1
Cattle Feed
Production
Unit
9
All Villagers
850000.00
It will ensure fodder
availability for around
9 months of the year.
2
Fodder
plantation
1
Villagers
100000.00
Increased availability
of fodder species
locally.
IIRD Shimla
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
Outcome and Justification
4500 households will benefit from the proposed interventions in 10 Gram Panchayats. The cattle feed
production unit is expected to ensure fodder availability for around 9 months of the year. It is
expected to produce around 50 ton of cattle feed every month which will benefit households in the
watershed area by providing good quality cattle feed to the farmers. In addition fodder plantation will
be done in Gadej panchayat to meet the local fodder needs.
IIRD Shimla
40
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
9.4 Microenterprise
Existing status of micro enterprise
BPL households in the proposed area earn their livelihood from agriculture, horticulture, and animal
husbandry. These families hold marginal land holdings and have limited to access to other sources
of livelihood.
Dairy farming is also practiced by some of the BPL families. MNRGS has opened up the
opportunity for wage employment for many of the BPL families. There is an urgent need to go in
for micro enterprise development.
Handloom
Handloom and shawl weaving are the activities that can be carried out in the area as raw material is
easily available. These products can be marketed locally as well as regionally through the available
marketing channels through setting up of small cooperatives.
This will help to develop
entrepreneurship capacity among the population and serve as an example for the villagers to come
up with similar initiatives at their own.
Dairy Farming
Strengthening the marketing system in Nirmand block and increasing access to marketing
of milk products will enable the asset less poor households to enhance their income. Local
and regional market exists for dairy products in the region. A chilling plant is already
operational in Duttnagar, Rampur and dairy producers in the region can be linked to the
chilling unit.
Beekeeping
This will help to develop entrepreneurship capacity among the population and serve as an
example for the villagers to come up with similar initiatives at their own. It will increase the
income levels of the people as they can sell honey in neighbouring markets of
Kullu,Rampur and Mandi.
IIRD Shimla
41
42
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
Proposed micro enterprises activities
SL. No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
11
IIRD Shimla
Dairy Farm
80
80
1670000.00
Expected
Outcome
Increase in
monthly
income
(Rs)/HH
3500
Poultry Farm
7
7
145000.00
4000
Sewing Centre
58
58
243000.00
4000
Small Restaurant
10
10
190000.00
5000
Pickle Making
1
1
15000
5000
Sheep Rearing
14
14
210000.00
7000
Nursery Raising
14
14
175000.00
3500
Bee Keeping
2
2
40000.00
1500
Electrician Tools
1
1
20000
2500
Vermi Compost
14
14
150000.00
2000
1
1
10000
2000
14
13
245000.00
6000
Vegetable Cultivation
2
2
40000.00
6000
Goat Rearing
5
5
140000.00
5000
Shop
7
7
210000.00
5000
Motor Mechanical Tools
1
1
30000.00
2000
Tent House
5
5
90000.00
10000
Plantation
21
21
105000.00
5000
Construction Material
(Shuttering))
2
2
30000.00
Carpenter tool
1
1
30000.00
Micro-Enterprises
Khadi Centre
Tools Distribution
Unit
Beneficiaries
Total Cost
(Rs)
4500
4000.00
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
Outcome and Justification
Upon successful implementation of the proposed activities around 259 households would be benefited
from activities like Vermi composting, small restaurant, poultry, and Khaddi centre etc. The expected
average monthly income for household from these activities will be around Rs 3500.
The following outcomes are expected from the successful implementation of these activities:

The income levels of the BPL families will increase.

Decrease in the number of BPL families in the area over time. The quality of life will
increase.

Increase in the quantity of milk production in the area. Establishment of Milk cooperation.

The nursery will help raise apple seedlings and will further enhance the horticulture
activities in the area.

Beekeeping being a viable less time consuming business activity will raise the income
level of the villagers.

IIRD Shimla
Functioning of the collection and marketing centre and its usage.
43
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
Phase-3:
Consolidation
CONSOLIDATION AND WITHDRAWAL PHASE
This phase is to create innovative nature-based, sustainable livelihood and boost productivity levels of
the augmented resources and local economic development plans developed during the Watershed
Works Phase.
The following activities are planned to be carried out during this stage.
Documentation: It is proposed to document the activities carried out during the
watershed implementation period. The documentation work can be video, audio, paper &
process documentation. It will assist to uphold the records and identify and propagate the
successful activities carried out under the project.
Effective Experiments: It is proposed to identify the best practices carried out during the
project period and prepare learning documents up-scaling the same as
per feasibility and spread the same among others members of the watershed area.
Evaluation: Evaluation is an essential activity to assess the Impact & consequence of the
intervention. It is proposed to carry out evaluation at the following levels.
a. Social Audit: It is proposed to conduct the social audit of the programme at the
watershed level where the Gram Sabhas will evaluate the programme where the
beneficiaries should explain their benefits and current status of the activity. The
Watershed Committee should place the books of accounts of watershed programme for
approval.
b. Evaluation by External Agency: An external agency with experience in
implementation and monitoring and evaluation of watershed projects should be
assigned for the evaluation of the watershed program..
4
Consolidation Phase
a
Documentation
b
Scaling up of Successful experiments
c
Capacity Building & Training
704430.00
704430.00
939240.00
2348100.00
Total
IIRD Shimla
44
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
Chapter Four
Institutional Arrangement, Action
Plan and Budget
IIRD Shimla
45
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
11.Institutional Arrangements
State Level Nodal Agency
A dedicated State Level Nodal Agency (SLNA) (Department / Mission / Society/Authority) has been
constituted by the State Government having an independent bank account.
The main functions of the SLNA will be to:

Prepare a perspective and strategic plan of watershed development for the state on the basis of
plans prepared at the block and district level and indicate implementation strategy and
expected outputs/outcomes, financial outlays and approach the Nodal Agency at the central
level in the Department for appraisal and clearance.

Establish and maintain a state level data cell from the funds sanctioned to the States, and
connect it online with the National Level Data Centre.

Provide technical support to Watershed Cell cum Data Centre (WCDC), throughout the state.
Common Guidelines for Watershed Development Projects.

Approve a list of independent institutions for capacity building of various stakeholders within
the state and work out the overall capacity building strategy in consultation with
NRAA/Nodal Ministry.

Approve Project Implementing Agencies identified/selected by WCDC/ District Level
Committee by adopting appropriate objective selection criteria and transparent systems.

Establish monitoring, evaluation and learning systems at various levels (internal and external/
independent systems).

Ensure regular and quality on-line monitoring of watershed projects in the state in association
with Nodal Agency at the central level and securing feedback by developing partnerships with
independent and capable agencies.

Constitute a panel of Independent Institutional Evaluators for all watershed projects within
the state, get this panel duly approved by the concerned Nodal Agencies at the central level
and ensure that quality evaluations take place on a regular basis.

Prepare State Specific Process Guidelines, Technology Manuals etc in coordination with the
Nodal Ministry/ NRAA and operationalise the same.
District Watershed Development Agency / DWDA
A separate Cell has been established at the district level, which will oversee the implementation of
watershed programme in each district and will have separate independent accounts for this purpose. It
will be set up in DRDA/Zilla Parishad/District Level Implementing Agency/Department in all
programme districts as per the convenience of the State Governments and strengthen the same with
professional support in the districts implementing large number of watersheds with area more than
25,000 ha. WCDC will function in close co-ordination with the District Planning Committee. District
IIRD Shimla
46
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
Collector/ CEO, ZP may be designated as Chairman of WCDC and a District Officer of the
Department, in which WCDC has been located, may be called the Project Manager for WCDC. The
Project Manager will attend to day to day functioning of WCDC and implementation of watershed
programs in their jurisdiction whereas, District Collector/CEO, ZP will have role in securing ZP will
have role in securing Common Guidelines for Watershed Development Projects 21 coordination and
convergence along with periodical review of the programme. Representatives of MGNREGS, BRGF
implementing agency at the district level should be included in the periodical review meeting of the
programme for convergence.
The functions of DWDA will be as follows:

Identify potential Project Implementing Agencies (PIAs) in consultation with Zila
Parishad/Zila Panchayat/ District Council as per the empanelment process to be decided
by the respective State Governments.

Take up the overall responsibility of facilitating the preparation of strategic and annual
action plans for watershed development projects in respective districts.

Providing professional technical support to Project Implementing Agencies (PIAs) in
planning and execution of watershed development projects.

Develop action plans for capacity building, with close involvement of resource
organizations to execute the capacity building action plans.

Carry out regular monitoring, evaluation and learning.

Ensure smooth flow of funds to watershed development projects.

Ensure timely submission of required documents to SLNA / Nodal Agency

of the Department at central level.

Facilitate co-ordination with relevant programs of agriculture, horticulture,
IIRD Shimla
47
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
Institutional Arrangements at Project Level
Project Implementing Agency (PIA)
The SLNA has appointed the DWDA as the PIA, who would be responsible for implementation of
watershed projects in different districts. These PIAs may include relevant line departments,
autonomous organizations under State/ Central Governments, Government Institutes/ Research
Bodies, Panchayats, Voluntary Organizations (VOs).
Watershed Development Team
The WDT is an integral part of the PIA which is already functioning. Each WDT is constituted of four
members, broadly with knowledge and experience in agriculture, soil science, water management,
social mobilization and institutional building. One of the WDT members is a woman.
The WDT will guide the Gram Panchayat in the formulation of the watershed action plan. An
indicative list of the roles and responsibilities of the WDT would include among others, the following.

Organizing and nurturing User Groups and Self-Help Groups.

Mobilizing women to ensure that the perspectives and interests of women are adequately
reflected in the watershed action plan.

Conducting the participatory base-line surveys, training and capacity building.

Preparing detailed resource development plans including water and soil conservation or
reclamation etc. to promote sustainable livelihoods at household level.

Common property resource management and equitable sharing.

Preparing Detailed Project Report (DPR) for the consideration of Gram Sabha.

Undertake engineering surveys, prepare engineering drawings and cost estimates for any
structures to be built.

Monitoring, checking, assessing, and undertaking physical verification and measurements of
the work done.

Facilitating the development of livelihood opportunities for the landless.

Maintaining project accounts.

Arranging physical, financial and social audit of the work undertaken.

Setting up suitable arrangements for post-project operation, maintenance and future
development of the assets created during the project period.
IIRD Shimla
48
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
Institutional Arrangements at the Village Level and People’s Participation
Self Help Groups
The Gram Panchayats have constituted SHGs in the watershed area with the help of WDT from
amongst poor, small and marginal farmer households, landless/asset less poor agricultural laborers,
women, shepherds and SC/ST persons. These Groups are homogenous groups having common
identity and interest who are dependent on the watershed area for their livelihood. Each Self Help
Group will be provided with a revolving fund of an amount to be decided by the Nodal Ministry.
User Groups
The Watershed Committee (WC) has also constituted User Groups in the watershed area with the help
of WDT. These shall be homogenous groups of persons most affected by each work/ activity and shall
include those having land holdings within the watershed areas. Each User Group shall consist of those
who are likely to derive direct benefits from a particular watershed work or activity. The Watershed
Committee (WC) with the help of the WDT shall facilitate resource-use agreements among the User
Groups based on the principles of equity and sustainability. These agreements must be worked out
before the concerned work is undertaken. It must be regarded as a pre-condition for that activity. The
User Groups will be responsible for the operation and maintenance of all the assets created under the
project in close collaboration with the Gram Panchayat and the Gram Sabha.
Gram Panchayat
In Himachal Pradesh Gram Panchayats will implement the Watershed project with the technical
support of the WDT in the village. The Gram Sabha may elect/appoint any suitable person from the
village as the Chairman of Watershed Committee. Sarpanch and /or ward member/ Panchayat
members may also be member of WC. The Watershed Committee (WC) will comprise of at least 10
members, half of the members shall be representatives of SHGs and User Groups, SC/ST community,
women and landless persons in the village. One member of the WDT shall also be represented in the
Watershed Committee (WC). Funds may be released to WC. Alternatively, the WC shall be
constituted by the GS and it will be a subcommittee of GP. In such situation, WC need not be
registered under Society Registration Act. Funds will be released to Gram Panchayat.
TECHNICAL SUPPORT:
In order to bring tangible impacts of the interventions proposed, it is very essential to contract some
competent agency as for technical support and the kind of support to be given by the agency can be in
the areas as below:
1. Training & Capacity Building
2. Mobilising communities and form cooperatives or federations to upscale the business
activities
3. Skill up-gradation especially in micro-enterprises & other livelihood activities
4. Continuous guidance in overall management of the project to ensure impacts
5. Monitoring and Documentation of success stories
IIRD Shimla shall be available for the above support if some sustainable support mechanism is jointly
devised by DWDA and IIRD.
IIRD Shimla
49
50
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
12. Budget
Total Fund Flow
IWMP
Sl. No
1
Particulars
Amount (Rs.)
Beneficiary
Contribution
7827000
-
782700.00
-
-
782700.00
-
-
-
-
Convergence
GENERAL
a
Ad. Cost
b
Monitoring
c
Evaluation
-
9392400
Total
2
PREPARATORY PHASE
a
EPA
3,130,800.00
Institutional &
b
Capacity Building
c
DPR
-
3,913,500.00
782,700.00
-
-
7827000.00
Total
3
WATERSHED WORKS PHASE
WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT
WORKS
Irrigation Channels (Kulh)
8328129.00
416406.00
127913.00
Irrigation Tank
9678391.00
483919.55
49267.00
Crate Wire
1905556.00
95277.8
142784.00
Pond
5322995.00
266149.75
50585.00
Pipe line
3932085.00
196604.25
28243.00
73585.75
14676.00-
a
b
c
d
e
Gully plug
1471715.00
f
Check Dam
2402744.00
120137.2
-
Bawri Maintenance
8906472.00
445323.00
6780.00
CCT
778364.00
38918.00
-
Roof Top Rain Water harvesting
700000.00
35000.00
-
Plantation
825000.00
41250.00
-
44251451.00
2212571.00
420248.00
3201600.00
-
-
g
h
I
j
k
Total
a
IIRD Shimla
LIVELIHOOD ACTIVITIES
Dairy farm
51
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
b
Poultry Farm
713000.00
-
-
c
Sewing Centre
366100.00
-
-
d
Small Restaurant
339950.00
-
-
e
Sheep Rearing
170000
-
-
f
Bee Keeping
81550
-
-
g
Carpenter Tools Distribution
704650.00
-
-
h
Black Smith Tools
70000.00
-
-
I
Khadi Centre
20000.00
-
-
j
Basket Making
30000.00
-
-
k
Nursery Raising
149600.00
-
-
l
Fish Seed
45000.00
-
-
m
Atta Chakii (Traditional )
30000.00
-
-
n
Goat Rearing
577850.00
-
-
o
Vermi Compost
105000.00
-
-
p
Vegetable Cultivation
10000.00
-
-
q
Plumber Tools
100000.00
-
-
r
Motor Mechanical Tools
30000.00
-
-
s
Shop
190000.00
-
-
t
Electrical Tools
30000.00
-
-
u
Tiles Machine
30000.00
-
-
v
Construction Material (Shatring )
35000.00
-
-
w
Tent House
15000.00
-
-
Total
7044300.00
PRODUCTION SYSTEM AND MICRO
ENTERPRISES
1
Agriculture Development
a
Vegetable cultivation
657000.00
-
b
Vegetable collection centre
190000.00
-
c
SRI Cultivation
180000.00
d
Rajmah cultivation
Total
2
Horticulture Development
a
Plant distribution
b
Horticulture collection centre
Total
Animal Husbandry
20000.00
1047000.00
1192000.00
-
850000.00
-
2042000.00
-
Cattle feed production unit
850000.00
a
b
Fodder plantation
Total
3
IIRD Shimla
100000.00
950000.00
Micro-Enterprises
-
52
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
Dairy Farm
1670000.00
A
167000.00
Poultry Farm
145000.00
-
B
14500.00
Sewing Centre
243000.00
-
C
24300.00
Small Restaurant
190000.00
-
D
19000.00
Pickles Making
15000
-
E
1500.00
Sheep Rearing
210000.00
-
F
21000.00
Nursery Raising
175000.00
-
G
17500.00
Bee Keeping
40000.00
-
H
4000.00
Electritian Tools
20000
-
I
2000.00
Vermi Compost
150000.00
-
J
15000.00
Khadi Centre
10000
-
K
1000.00
Tools Distribution
245000.00
-
L
24500.00
Vegetable Cultivation
40000.00
-
M
4000.00
Goat Rearing
140000.00
-
N
14000.00
Shop
210000.00
-
O
21000.00
Motor Mechanical Tools
30000.00
-
P
3000.00
Tent House
90000.00
-
q
9000.00
Plantation
105000.00
r
10500.00
Construction Material (Shuttring)
30000.00
Carpenter tools
30000.00
s
3000.00
t
3000.00
3788000.00
Total
4
Consolidation Phase
a
Documentation
b
Scaling up of Successful experiments
c
Capacity Building & Training
704430.00
704430.00
939240.00
2348100.00
Total
Grant Total
IIRD Shimla
78270000
378800.00
-
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
Proposed Final Budget
Amount (Rs.)
SL. No
Particulars
(Figures)
78,270,000 .00
1
Total Funds from IWMP
2
Beneficiary Contribution
2591371.00
3
Proposed Convergence
420248.00
Per Hectare Expenditure from IWMP 15000par ha
IIRD Shimla
53
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Nirmand watershed under IWMP
14. Consolidated Action Plan
IIRD Shimla
54