Trindel Insurance Fund
Poison Oak Survival Information
What is poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac?
The Summer is upon us and so are those nasty rashes from brushing up against poisonous plants such as poison ivy,
poison oak, and sumac. Approximately 85 percent of the population will develop an allergic reaction if exposed to poison
ivy, oak or sumac, according to the American Academy of Dermatology.
Usually, people develop a sensitivity to poison ivy, oak or sumac only after several encounters with the plants, sometimes
over many years. However, sensitivity may occur after only one exposure.
The cause of the rash, blisters, and infamous itch is urushiol (pronounced oo-roo-shee-ohl), a chemical in the sap of
poison ivy, oak and sumac plants. Because urushiol is inside the plant, brushing against an intact plant will not cause a
reaction. But undamaged plants are rare.
Poison oak, ivy and sumac are very fragile plants, and stems or leaves broken by the wind or animals, and even the tiny
holes made by chewing insects, can release urushiol.
Reactions, treatments and preventive measures are the same for all three poison plants. Avoiding direct contact with the
plants reduces the risk but doesn't guarantee against a reaction. Urushiol can stick to pets, garden tools, balls, or anything
it comes in contact with. If the urushiol isn't washed off those objects or animals, just touching them--for example, picking
up a ball or petting a dog--could cause a reaction in a susceptible person. (Animals, except for a few higher primates, are
not sensitive to urushiol.)
Urushiol that's rubbed off the plants onto other things can remain potent for years, depending on the environment. If the
contaminated object is in a dry environment, the potency of the urushiol can last for decades, says Epstein. Even if the
environment is warm and moist, the urushiol could still cause a reaction a year later.
Almost all parts of the body are vulnerable to the sticky urushiol, producing the characteristic linear (in a line) rash.
Because the urushiol must penetrate the skin to cause a reaction, places where the skin is thick, such as the soles of the
feet and the palms of the hands, are less sensitive to the sap than areas where the skin is thinner. The severity of the
reaction may also depend on how big a dose of urushiol the person got.
What can you do to avoid poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac?
Learn what poison ivy looks like and avoid it. While "leaves of three, beware of me, is the old saying, "leaflets of three,
beware of me" is even better because each leaf has three smaller leaflets.
Wash garden tools regularly, especially if there is the slightest chance that they've come into contact with poison ivy. If
you know you will be working around poison ivy, wear long pants, long sleeves, boots, and gloves.
Hikers, emergency workers, and others who have a difficult time avoiding poison ivy may benefit from a product called Ivy
Block, made by EnviroDerm Pharmaceuticals Inc.. It's the only FDA-approved product for preventing rashes from poison
ivy, oak, or sumac. The OTC lotion contains bentoquatam, a substance that forms a clay-like coating on the skin.
If you come into contact with poison ivy, oak, or sumac, wash the skin in cool water as soon as possible to prevent the
spread of urishiol. If you get a rash, oatmeal baths and calamine lotion can dry up blisters and bring relief from itching.
You can also talk to a health care professional about medicines that may help.
How can you deal with the rash?
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If you don't cleanse quickly enough, or your skin is so sensitive that cleansing didn't help, redness and swelling will appear
in about 12 to 48 hours. Blisters and itching will follow. For those rare people who react after their very first exposure, the
rash appears after seven to 10 days.
Because they don't contain urushiol, the oozing blisters are not contagious nor can the fluid cause further spread on the
affected person's body. Nevertheless, Epstein advises against scratching the blisters because fingernails may carry
germs that could cause an infection.
Poison Ivy, Poison Oak, Poison Sumac Prevention (cont.)
The rash will only occur where urushiol has touched the skin; it doesn't spread throughout the body. However, the rash
may seem to spread if it appears over time instead of all at once. This is either because the urushiol is absorbed at
different rates in different parts of the body or because of repeated exposure to contaminated objects or urushiol trapped
under the fingernails.
The rash, blisters and itch normally disappear in 14 to 20 days without any treatment. But few can handle the itch without
some relief. For mild cases, wet compresses or soaking in cool water may be effective. Oral antihistamines can also
relieve itching.
There are a number of OTC products to help dry up the oozing blisters, including:
aluminum acetate (Burrows solution)
baking soda
Aveeno (oatmeal bath)
aluminum hydroxide gel
calamine
kaolin
zinc acetate
zinc carbonate
zinc oxide
How to identify poison oak.
Unfortunately, poison oak doesn’t grow with little picture ID badges around their stems, so you have to know what to look
for. To avoid these plants and their itchy consequences, here's what to look for.
Poison Oak
eastern (from New Jersey to Texas) grows as a low shrub; western (along the Pacific coast) grows to 6-foot-tall
clumps or vines up to 30 feet long
oak-like leaves, usually in clusters of three
clusters of yellow berries
Poison oak prevention and treatment
Sawmillers share thoughts on the best preventions and cures for exposure to poison oak. September 6, 2000
Question
Does anyone have a remedy for poison oak, or a way to prevent getting it on one's legs while scaling logs? I'm ashamed
to say it, but this is the best revenge a logger ever had on this sawmiller.
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Forum Responses
This may sound silly but trust me, it works for poison ivy:
Get a tea bag and have yourself a cup of tea. Save the bag, place it over the affected area and tie it in place, or take a old
elastic sock top and slide it over your arm or leg to hold the tea bag in place. Just let the tea bag dry, and as it does it will
pull out the oils. DO NOT place a boiling hot tea bag on your body; let it cool first.
Poison ivy and poison oak are members of the poison sumac family and affect your skin when you contact the plant resins. The
resins are present throughout the plant: on the surface of the leaves, in the leaves and in the stems. Direct contact with any
portion of the plant, including its sawdust, can cause an outbreak.
The reason not everyone has problems is that the itching, swelling rash is an allergic reaction to the plant resin. The more
allergic you are, the worse your outbreak will be.
The key to avoiding problems is to keep the resin off your skin. Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants. If you do get the
resin on your skin, wash it off with soap and water as soon as possible.
If you break out with the itching, swelling, blisters etc., the best treatment is to visit your doctor for the appropriate
medication. This may be in the form of oral medication or shot(s).
Learn to identify the plant(s) and try to remember to ask if the logs came from an area with poison oak. The important
thing is to keep the resin off of your skin, however you choose to accomplish that.
I've had poison oak so many times I've lost count. I finally found a product that works. Go down to your drug store and buy some
stuff called TECNU. There are two types of this lotion; one you use AFTER you've unfortunately broken out in a rash, the other
(called Tecnu Armor or something like that) is to shield your body if you'll be out where you might be in contact with poison oak.
It's awesome stuff. The other lotions just try to ease the itching. This stuff actually makes it GO AWAY.
I would thoroughly agree with the last post. The Tecnu products, used as recommended, really work. They dissolve and remove
the irritant oils that stimulate the oh-so-annoying symptoms. The oak and ivy cleanser works after you are exposed and right up
to "ooze time." The armor helps keep the stuff out of your skin in the first place.
Bailey's Logging Supply used to carry the stuff. That's where I first got it, but a lot of drug stores and I think some WalMarts have it now, too.
Here's another idea: Use rubbing alcohol to cleanse suspected areas of contact. Alcohol breaks down the resin given of by the
Rue family, to which poison ivy, oak and sumac belong. I've noticed myself that I have a few hours of "grace" before I have to
clean up, but everybody reacts differently.
The tea bags contain tannins, which are useful in drying.
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The comments below were added after this Forum discussion was archived as a Knowledge Base article (add your comment).
Comment from contributor S:
I have run into poison oak a lot while clearing land in the Sierra. Whenever I take a "hit" with skin contact from the plant, I
try to respond with a simple preventative treatment within 10-20 minutes. Time is important. My favorite treatment is
bicarbonate of soda and water, mixed into a paste, spread on the skin and allowed to dry. It seems to work to prevent the
onset of irritation. The alternate is alcohol, which seems less effective for me, but soothes the skin a bit.
Comment from contributor R:
I have had poison oak for three days now and using the alcohol is a good idea to dry it up a little. I also put ice cubes on it and
soak it in cool water a few times a day. Putting a cool rag on it and sitting under a fan works well too. If it’s on your face it’s good
to change your pillow case every night. I have found that oatmeal baths from the store help stop the dryness and itching.
Is a Poison Plant Rash Contagious?
Many people think a poison plant rash can be spread from one part of the body to another or from person
to person. In general, this is not true. You can spread the rash only if you have urushiol on your hands.
Also, it can take longer for the rash to appear on certain areas of the body, especially areas such as the
soles of the feet where the skin is thicker. This may give the appearance that the rash has spread from
one part of the body to another. You can also be re-exposed to the urushiol by touching gardening tools,
sports equipment, or other items that were not cleaned after being in contact with the plants. Scratching or
touching the rash and fluid from blisters will not cause the rash to spread because urushiol is not present in
the blister fluid.
What Should I Do If I am Exposed to a Poison Plant?
If you think you may have been exposed to a poison plant:
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
Remove your clothes.
Wash all exposed areas with cool running water. Use soap and water if you can. Be sure to clean under
your fingernails. In the woods, the water of a running stream can be an effective cleanser.
Wash your clothing and all gardening tools, camping gear, sports equipment and other objects that came
into contact with the plants.
Bathe pets exposed to the plants.
What is the treatment for poisoning from these plants?
The best approach to poison ivy dermatitis is prevention. Washing with soap and water can help
reduce the severity of the rash, but this is often impractical because it has to be done at once. (After
10 minutes, only 50% of the resin is removable, and by 30 minutes only 10%.)
Once it begins, the rash will usually clear on its own by 14-21 days. Treatment is directed at
controlling the itching. Oral antihistamines (like diphenhydramine [Benadryl]) may help the itch
somewhat, but often they do no more than make people drowsy. Cortisone creams, whether over-thecounter or by prescription, are only helpful if applied right away, before blisters appear, or much later,
when the blisters have dried up. Compresses with cool water or Burow's solution (available without
prescription) can help dry the ooze faster.
When the rash is severe, such as when it affects the face or causes extensive blistering, oral steroids
(for example, prednisone) can help produce rapid improvement. This course of therapy should be
maintained, often in decreasing doses, for 10-14 days or even longer in some cases, to prevent
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having the rash rebound and become severe again. Patients who are given a six-day pack of
cortisone pills often get worse again when they complete it, because the dose was too low and
administered for too short a time.
Folklore, medical and otherwise, endorses many other agents, from aloe leaves to tea bags to meat
tenderizer as treatments for poison ivy and related plant poisonings. Though these remedies are
generally harmless, they are of questionable value.
THE SEASON OF THE ITCH
Ah, summer. Time to go explore the great outdoors. Time to go camping and hiking. Time to become one
with nature. Time to get poison oak.
Poison oak isn't a poison: it's an allergic contact dermatitis caused by contact with the oil of the poison oak
plant. One characteristic is the pattern of the blisters on the skin. The oil on the leaves is typically streaked onto
the skin, resulting in blisters in a linear pattern.
If you know you're sensitive, avoid contact with the plant. Tech-Nu before exposure helps. If exposed, do your
best to wash (with soap) within half an hour. Using pre-moistened wipes, like those used for babies, is another
alternative, and you can carry them in your shirt pocket or bag. If you remove the oil in a half-hour or so, you
can often prevent a reaction.
You should also clean off anything else that contacted the plant. This includes shoes, belts, backpacks, bikes,
dogs, tents: anything that could have touched it at any time in the past. Don't say "well, it's been three weeks
since I was out in the woods - I don't *really* need to clean all this stuff." Not true. There have been cases
where folks got poison oak from touching things that were in storage for THIRTY YEARS!
It'll take a good wiping with a damp rag to remove the oil. Be sure to wear good rubber gloves as hand
protection, and then wash your hands with soap and water as soon as you're done. Remember that you have a
half-hour "grace period."
Okay, you've washed your boots, belt, mountain bike, and dog. You're still itching. What do you do?
Caladryl Lotion, or any other skin preparation that has the ingredient pramoxine may help control the itching,
and is safe to use. Keep in mind that using Benadryl (diphenhydramine, which used to be in Caladryl) on the
skin is NOT a good idea.
Calamine lotion can be soothing. Also helpful are Domeboro tablets, which you can buy at the drugstore.
Dissolve them as directed in water, and soak frequently. This will help dry up the blisters and stop the itching.
Benadryl by mouth can help itching, though it causes drowsiness. The usual dose is 25 to 50 milligrams every 6
hours or so. It's not a good idea to drive or operate heavy machinery after taking antihistamines like Benadryl.
Valium also works well at bedtime.
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The best treatment for poison oak is steroids. They're not the kind of steroids that make bodybuilders look like
Gonad the Barbarian (anabolic steroids); they're corticosteroid creams, gels, ointments, pills, or injections. Most
are prescription only, except for hydrocortisone cream or ointment, which usually isn't strong enough. Pills are
usually given in decreasing amounts over a week or so; the injection's a one-shot kind of deal. So to speak.
If you've had TB, or have a history of ulcers, or have a history of bipolar disorder or other kinds of psychiatric
problems, tell your doctor before taking steroids.
You also should watch your poison oak for local infection, which may look red, painful, and oozing. If it's
causing honey-yellow crusts on the infected areas, it may be impetigo. Infections often require antibiotics. Don't
wait for it to cure itself, since it can lead to some nasty complications, including (rarely) death
The nagging itch and telltale red rash are caused by the toxin urushiol oil, which is found in both poison ivy and poison
oak. Some people are more sensitive to it than others. And some are not sensitive to it at all—they can literally roll in the
stuff and not get a reaction. But our experts don't advise those of you lucky enough to be immune to give it a try. A
sensitivity to urushiol can develop at any time. The solutions to poison ivy or poison oak are substances that annihilate
urushiol. But remember—what works for someone else may not work for you, and in severe cases may not work at all.
Urushiol Oil: Evil and Persistent
Urushiol oil, the active ingredient in poison ivy and poison oak, is "one of the most
potent external toxins we know," says William L. Epstein, M.D. "The amount needed to
cause a rash in very sensitive people is measured in nanograms, and it could take as
little as 1 nanogram. But most sensitive people will react in the 100-nanogram range."
Consider that a nanogram is a mere billionth of a gram; that means it would take less
than 1/4 ounce of urushiol to cause a rash in every person on earth. Five hundred
people could itch from the amount covering the head of a pin.
"I'm surprised it hasn't been used as a nonlethal chemical warfare weapon," says
James A. Duke, Ph.D., whose interest in "this evil plant" was sparked by "an early
ethnobotanical application of poison oak as a substitute for toilet paper."
Its itch torments you; its long life can fool you. Dr. Duke says "specimens of poison ivy
several centuries old" have caused dermatitis in sensitive people.
"When the Japanese restored the gold leaf on the golden Temple in Kyoto, they
painted urushiol lacquer on it to preserve and maintain the gold," Dr. Epstein says.
"The main message for American tourists there is, 'Don't try to steal the gold.' " You'll
be caught red-handed. Literally.
KILLING THE ITCH
If you've been messing around in a poison patch, you'll soon know whether you're immune or not. And as ugly as the rash
looks, it's the itch that'll do you in. Here's what you can do about it, starting with the universal remedy.
Get cozy with darlin' calamine. The time-honored mainstay in poison treatment is calamine lotion, a popular skin
protectant with a soothing action "that produces cooling and distracts your skin from the itching sensation," says Robert
Rietschel, M.D., chairman of the Department of Dermatology at New Orleans' Ochsner Clinic in Louisiana, and clinical
professor of dermatology at Louisiana State University School of Medicine. "In poison ivy and poison oak, the blood
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vessels develop gaps that leak fluid through the skin, causing blisters and oozing," he explains. "When you cool the skin,
the vessels constrict and don't leak as much."
Calamine lotion also leaves a powdery residue that absorbs the oozing, develops a crust, and keeps it from sticking to
your clothes, Dr. Rietschel notes. He suggests applying calamine lotion three or four times a day. To keep your rash from
getting too dry and making the itch even worse, stop using calamine when the oozing stops, he says.
MEDICAL ALERT
Signs of an Emergency
About 15 percent of the 120 million Americans who are allergic to poison oak and poison ivy
are so highly sensitive they break out in a rash and begin to swell in 4 to 12 hours instead of
the normal 24 to 48. Their eyes may swell shut and blisters may erupt on their skin.
"This is one of the few true emergencies in dermatology," says William L. Epstein, M.D. "Get
to a hospital as soon as possible. A shot of corticosteroids will bring the swelling down."
Subtract the additives. Antihistamines like Benadryl and painkillers like benzocaine and lidocaine are often added to
certain calamine lotion products. "They may work for some people," says William L. Epstein, M.D., a professor of
dermatology at the University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, "but they don't add much relief vis-ˆ-vis the
cost, and you run the risk of developing an allergic rash from the additives."
Pop a pill. Oral antihistamines, however, are a different story. In fact, they're high up on Dr. Rietschel's list. There are two
over-the-counter brands to choose from: Chlor-Trimeton, which contains the active ingredient chlorpheniramine maleate,
and Benadryl, which contains the active ingredient diphenhydramine hydrochloride. "You could take your hay fever
medicine if it happens to be an antihistamine," Dr. Rietschel says.
Try other drying agents. "Although not as popular and soothing as calamine, there are other skin soothers that can be
just as effective. Some of them, however, often have a lot of alcohol and tend to sting," Dr. Rietschel warns. Use them as
you would calamine—until the oozing stops. Otherwise you can get the rash too dry, and it will crack and cause more
itching. Zinc oxide, witch hazel, Burow's solution (aluminum acetate), and baking soda are common topical drying agents.
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The following comments are from a number of California County Safety Officers and Road Departments
Treat early and often with Technu - apply for 2 minutes straight to the affected area
every two to three hours.
If applied as directed, it will work to reduce the size,
severity and duration of the rash and itching symptoms.
There is a barrier cream called "Ivy Block" that is said to prevent contact with the
plant from causing the rash to begin with. I have tried it but it's hard to gauge
results - did I avoid contact or did the barrier cream work? Hard to say.
When it gets out of hand, oral or intramuscular cortico steroids are the only real
treatment.
Josh Reilly
County Safety Officer
831-454-4820 ph
831-454-4708 fax
Generally the best treatment is just to avoid the stuff, but we do recommend frequent bare skin washing, long sleeve shirts, with
sleeves down, gloves and members of the crews who are ultra sensitive try to do other jobs. We make no other
recommendations. If individuals take medical precautions those things are paid for under health care plan.
Mark Hilliker
hillikem@co.mendocino.ca.us
I like to think all things are preventable, but I am learning to live with a few of these claims. The education is the most
helpful piece. I sent out photos of poison oak in the various stages to put up on the bulletin boards so folks know what it
looks like, but this doesn't help in the winter when it doesn't have any leaves. There are some good educational pieces
out on the web that talk about the oil and how cross contamination can occur. Long sleeves, pants, gloves. We found
that we need to be careful with the wind. Both smoke and wood chip fragments blowing in the workers direction can
cause problems and even respiratory issues.
Peter
Peter Cheney, ARM-P CECD
County of Nevada California - Risk Manager
(530) 265-7196
John
Herbal remedy from one of our crew.
Call (707) 496-4678
email flyingcow@udderlyherbal.com
Poison Oak Antidote Organic Herbal Liniment.
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Our road crews receive annual awareness training for poison oak around this time
when it is most dominate. The training includes: What is poison oak, prepare for
task, dispose of gloves/coveralls, and wash. We also provide for our road crews
such as; Ivy Block, that helps prevent Poison Ivy, Oak, Sumac rash. Also provide
Block wipes and disposable gloves/coveralls.
of year
the
lotions
Ivy
Hope this helps,
Sincerely,
Phil Raba
Health & Safety Manager
Emergency Coordinator
County of Ventura
Public Works Agency
800 S. Victoria Ave.
Ventura, Ca. 93009-1600
(805) 650-4074
All road workers use Tyvek full coverage suits, gloves, and eye protection when working
in areas that could expose them to noxious weeds.
Thanks,
Kenneth Nattell
Facilities and Grounds Manager
831-636-4170 ext. 23
831-207-8343 Cell
E-Mail Knattell@pw.co.san-benito.ca.us
Unfortunately once a reaction to poison oak has begun there is no “cure.” At this point, treating symptoms
is the only option. Several sources suggested over the counter lotions to relieve the itching associated with
poison oak reactions as well as cleansing products. There are several commercial products available for
these purposes. If the reaction is unbearable or mucus membranes are affected, the affected individual
should see a physician.
In addition, tools, clothing, boots, seating, etc… should be thoroughly cleaned after usage to prevent
spreading the oil that causes the reaction.
Here are some links to articles that you may find helpful:
http://www.webmd.com/allergies/guide/poison-ivy-oak-sumac?page=2
http://poisonivy.aesir.com/view/welcome.html
http://www.emedicinehealth.com/allergy_poison_ivy_oak_and_sumac/article_em.htm
http://www.medicinenet.com/poison_ivy/article.htm
I hope this helps some. Let me know if have any questions.
Travis Clemmer
Loss Prevention Specialist
CSAC Excess Insurance Authority
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I am the safety representative for Shasta County Department of Public Works. Many of our outdoor
workers are exposed to poison-oak as part of their job duties, so we have implemented a program
that involves clothing, barrier protection and annual training.
We supply our employees with a choice of long or short-sleeved shirts, and we require that they wear
long pants and heavy gloves whenever they are asked to perform brush clearance. In addition we
supply Ivy-X® pre-contact solution for use before potential exposure and tecnu® outdoor skin
cleanser for use after any potential exposure to poison-oak.
I provide annual training to employees on poison-oak and its risks. I’ve attached a copy of my current
program (I try to update all my training programs annually) for your use.
If I can be of any additional assistance, don’t hesitate to contact me.
Paul Young
Safety Technician
Shasta County Department of Public Works
Desk: 530-245-6793
Cel: 530-604-5997
Hi Gene, Here is a response to your question from one of our Road Yards:
IVYX Professinal Skin Protection - The company is Caretex Products Inc
>>> Chris Zimmermann 5/4/2009 10:11 AM >>>
Shirley, what's the name of pre-contact solution and cleaner?
>>> Shirley Ito 5/4/2009 10:09 AM >>>
Chris, we have a pre-contact soulution and a cleanser to use to remove the sticky oils of poisonous plants.
We let all the employees know we have the creams to use and encourage them to be aware of their surroundings.
Justin @ Badger just got over being exposed to poison oak/ivy.
Shirley
The road crew is provided with TecNu. You have to use this as soon as you come in
contact with poison oak to get the oil off.
Thanks,
Robert Rabago
Risk Analyst
Risk Management Div.
County of Humboldt
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Public Works provides/offers barrier cream, and Oral Ivy, disposable gloves and Tyvex suits to
employees as a preventative measure. We also provide our trucks with tool cleaner to remove
residual poison oak oils from tools.
As far as medical treatment after the fact - employees go to our workers' comp medical provider and
they usually receive topical anti-itch creams or sometimes a treatment of steroids. We do not provide
after the fact topical treatments here at work.
Let me know if you have additional questions,
Marney Taylor
Safety & Training Manager
San Mateo County Public Works
555 County Center 5th Floor
Redwood City, CA 94063
(650) 599-1451
I hope this helps. We do stick this in our warehouse and make it available to employees.
I believe the biggest issue is that many times they do not realize they have come in
contact with poison oak, ivy or sumac. They also have safety tailgates yearly about this
topic.
Type: CHEMICAL
Make: ENVIRODERM
Model: IVY BLOCK LOTION
URL: http://www.enviroderm.com/
Description:
As long as it is applied at least 15 minutes BEFORE exposure. It should be reapplied
every four hours for continued protection. It will not work if a rash has already
developed.
Type: CHEMICAL
Make: ZANFEL LABORATORIES
Model: ZANFEL POISION IVY, OAK, AND SUMAC WASH
URL: http://www.zanfel.com/
Description:
For use AFTER exposure to poison ivy/oak/sumac. Follow directions on the box.
They are sold in 1 oz. tubes, good for 15 applications the size of an adult hand or face.
Shelf life is 10-years.
Luana Enriquez, Safety Inspector
Employee Health and Safety
Tel: (626) 458-5943
P Please do not print this email unless it is absolutely necessary.
awareness.
Spread environmental
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Mariposa County uses a product called "Tecnue". It removes poison oak and ivy oils from
the skin. All of the Road vehicles carry it as standard equipment. Another one that I
have heard about is called "Maria's Poison Oak Soap".
Marty
We've approved 1.04 Technu for our 11st aid kits. Long sleeves and pants.
Thank You.
Ulis G. Redic, Risk Analyst
County Administrator's Office
125 12th Street, Third Floor
Oakland, CA 94607
510.271.5183
QIC 28505
ulis.redic@acgov.org
Hi Gene,
We include poison oak exposure as a hazard in tailgate meetings and provide a product called techno that limits or
prevents symptoms if used correctly. We generally have it in all the trucks.
Steve Weston
Butte County Administration
Safety Officer
(530) 538-7173 office
(530) 693-1962 cell
25 County Center Drive, Suite 213
Oroville, CA 95965
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