Laboratory 1 Donor History
Laboratory 1 Donor History
Skills: 10 points
Objectives
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Review donor qualifications.
Review the questions asked of donors before donating blood components.
Evaluate the length of time for deferral for all unacceptable responses to the questions asked.
List 4 conditions which would permanently defer a donor.
List 4 conditions which would temporarily defer a donor.
List the deferral time periods for immunizations.
State the reason for deferral for sexually transmitted diseases.
Explain why donors who have spent 3 months or more in the United Kingdom are indefinitely deferred
as blood donors.
9. List the two broad reasons for performance of the donor interview and physical exam.
Discussion
Careful donor selection plays a major role in determining whether or not a unit of donor blood will be
therapeutically effective and free of transmissible disease.
There are two parts in the selection of eligible blood donors. The first part involves obtaining a brief oral
medical history. The interview must be conducted by qualified personnel in a manner that assures auditory
privacy (visual privacy is also recommended), that allays apprehensions, and allows time for any necessary
discussion or explanation. Answers to questions must be recorded as "yes" or "no" with details added as
indicated. Results of tests must be recorded. Some very specific questions will be necessary but a great deal of
pertinent information can be obtained by asking some general or leading questions in simple language that the
donor can understand. If a potential donor passes the oral medical history interview they must then undergo a
very limited physical exam. The details of the physical exam will be covered in the next laboratory exercise.
Based on the answers to specific questions the interviewer must evaluate the responses and determine whether
or not the potential donor is eligible to donate blood. The questions asked serve two purposes.
 The first is to ensure that the donation of blood or blood components will not compromise the health of
the potential donor.
 The second is to make sure that a potential donor’s blood will not transmit a disease state to the potential
recipient.
Donors may donate one unit of whole blood every 8 weeks. Donation intervals for other types of products
(double red cell unit, apheresis platelets, etc.) will vary.
 Whole blood or red blood cells 8 weeks
 Two unit red cell unit 16 weeks
 Platelet apheresis – up to 24 times/year
 Plasmapheresis– once every 4 weeks, can be done twice a week
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Laboratory 1 Donor History
The minimum of age of the donor is 16 according to the AABB. Some states may require parental consent or a
higher age. There is no maximum age limit. The potential donor's past and present health status will aid in
making this determination.
The potential donor's past and present health status will aid in making this determination. There are certain
situations in which a potential donor will be accepted (past carcinoma in situ of the cervix). Some conditions
will require a certain time period of deferral (12 months if rabies vaccine has been administered). And still
other conditions which will result in a permanent deferral of a donor (AIDS, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, etc.). It is
of critical importance that the interviewer knows the type of deferral which must be recommended for a variety
of conditions.
What does the term “donor deferral” mean?
Individuals disqualified from donating blood are known as "deferred" donors. A prospective donor may be
deferred at any point during the collection and testing process. Whether or not a person is deferred temporarily
or permanently will depend on the specific reason for disqualification (e.g., a person may be deferred
temporarily because of anemia, a condition that is usually reversible). If a person is to be deferred, his or her
name is entered into a list of deferred donors maintained by the blood center, often known as the "deferral
registry." If a deferred donor attempts to give blood before the end of the deferral period, the donor will not be
accepted for donation. Once the reason for the deferral no longer exists and the temporary deferral period has
lapsed, the donor may return to the blood bank and be re-entered into the system. (From AABB website)
Those who may be deferred include:

Anyone who has ever used intravenous drugs (illegal IV drugs)

Men who have had sexual contact with other men since 1977

Anyone with a positive test for HIV (AIDS virus)

Men and women who have engaged in sex for money or drugs

Anyone who has had hepatitis since his or her eleventh birthday

Anyone who has had babesiosis or Chagas disease

Anyone who has taken Tegison for psoriasis

Anyone who has risk factors for Crueutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) or who has a blood relative with CJD

Anyone who has risk factors for vCJD

Anyone who spent three months or more in the United Kingdom from 1980 through 1996

Anyone who received a blood transfusion in the United Kingdom or France from 1980 to the present

Anyone who has spent five years in Europe from 1980 to the present.

Hepatitis B and/or C

Received a dura mater graft

Most cancers
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Laboratory 1 Donor History

Donors who have lived in certain countries in Africa since 1977 (see list below) are indefinitely
deferred. Donors may have been exposed to rare strains of HIV that are not consistently detected by all
current test methods.
There are some additional general guidelines to follow when making decisions about donor deferral.
 Twelve (12) month deferrals
o Received blood or blood products, skin graft or tissue transplant (including corneas)
o Hepatitis exposure or hepatitis B immune globulin shot
o Donor who has had sexual contact with any person who has received clotting factor concentrates
o Donor has been in contact with persons who, in the past or present, have used needles to take
drugs, steroids or anything not prescribed by their physician
o Heart attack or heart surgery
o Pacemaker or implanted defibrillator
o Transfusion of blood or blood products
o Sexual partner of someone in a high risk group
o Tattoos-NOT performed by a state regulated entity with sterile needles and non-reused ink
o Ear/body piercing-persons who have had ear or body piercing during the previous 12 months;
acceptable if performed under sterile conditions, with a single use device, must be healed without
signs of infection.
o Accidental exposure to blood or body fluid
o Rabies vaccine after animal bite
o Had sexually transmitted disease
o Travel to Iraq
o Travel to a malaria area-donors who have been to an area where malaria is considered endemic
will be deferred for 12 months after departure from that area regardless of whether they took
anti-malaria prophylaxis.
o Donor incarcerated in a facility for more than 72 consecutive hours
 Temporary deferrals
o Certain conditions such as pregnancy – six (6) weeks after delivery
o Certain medications (see list)
o Refer to BLOOD DONOR EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS in this procedure.
 Vaccines
o Smallpox – Defer 21 days after vaccination date. If the scab did not fall off on its own, then defer
56 days.
o Some blood centers may choose to use a simpler but stricter deferral scheme than the one
proposed by the FDA in which all donors who have been in contact with a person who received
the smallpox vaccination are deferred for 56 days regardless of when the rash or sore was
resolved.
o Hepatitis B vaccination-2-week wait after each dose
o Two (2) weeks – measles (rubeola), mumps, oral polio, oral typhoid, yellow fever.
o Four (4) weeks – German measles (rubella) and chicken pox (varicella zoster)
o NOTE: The above defer time limits for rubeola and rubella are followed when the vaccines are
given separately. If the MMR is given, the donor must be deferred four weeks.
o NO DEFERRAL if symptom-free – anthrax, cholera, diphtheria, influenza, Lyme disease,
paratyphoid, polio injection, routine rabies.
o Unlicensed vaccines-1-year wait
 West Nile virus-no longer symptomatic-120 day wait
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Laboratory 1 Donor History
What tests are performed on blood after it has been donated?
After blood is drawn, it is tested for ABO group (blood type) and RH type (positive or negative), as well as for
any unexpected red blood cell antibodies that may cause problems for the recipient. Screening tests performed
are listed below:









Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)
Hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc)
Hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV)
HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibody (anti-HIV-1 and anti-HIV-2)
HTLV-I and HTLV-II antibody (anti-HTLV-I and anti-HTLV-II)
Serologic test for syphilis
Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) for HIV-1 ribonucleic acid (RNA), HCV RNA and WNV
RNA
Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) for HBV deoxyribonucleic acid
Antibody test for Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas' disease
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Laboratory 1 Donor History
Procedure
Supplies Needed
1.
2.
Sample donor-interview worksheet
Pen
Procedure
1. Read through the sample interview of a prospective donor.
2. If you are an interviewer at a local blood center or a hospital that accepts donations, you will perform
the following:
a. Allow the donor to review the “Blood Donor Education Materials”.
b. Allow the donor to review the “Medication Deferral List”.
c. Register the donor by recording their name and demographic information.
d. Asks the donor about time of their last meal and weight.
e. Use great tact and professionalism when asking a donor each question on the questionnaire.
f. Accurately record the responses. It is imperative that the records are recorded correctly. If a
recipient as an adverse reaction to a donor unit, excellent recording keeping may lead to reasons
for the reaction(s).
g. Upon completion of the interview, each answer is evaluated. If an unacceptable response was
given note which question number and the recommended deferral time.
h. If you cannot find the deferral time write “Refer to SOP”. SOP stands for Standard Operating
Procedure manual. As an interviewer, you will also review the deferral times with your
supervisors and the procedure manuals of that blood center. Pathologists must meet the FDA
guidelines and they have the right to enhance the guidelines for the blood center they govern.
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Laboratory 1 Donor History
Blood Donor Educational Materials
MAKING YOUR BLOOD DONATION SAFE
Thank you for coming in today! This information sheet explains how YOU can help us make the donation
process safe for yourself and patients who might receive your blood. PLEASE READ THIS
INFORMATION BEFORE YOU DONATE! If you have any questions now or anytime during the
screening process, please ask blood center staff.
ACCURACY AND HONESTY ARE ESSENTIAL!
Your complete honesty in answering all questions is very important for the safety of patients who receive your
blood. All information you provide is confidential.
DONATION PROCESS:
To determine if you are eligible to donate we will:
-Ask questions about health, travel, and medicines
-Ask questions to see if you might be at risk for hepatitis, HIV, or AIDs
- Take your blood pressure, temperature and pulse
- Take a small blood sample to make sure you are not anemic
If you are able to donate we will:
- Cleanse your arm with an antiseptic. (If you are allergic to Iodine, please tell us!)
-Use a new, sterile, disposable needle to collect your blood
DONOR ELIGIBILITY – SPECIFIC INFORMATION
Why we ask questions about sexual contact:
Sexual contact may cause contagious diseases like HIV to get into the bloodstream and be spread through
transfusions to someone else.
Definition of “sexual contact”:
The words “have sexual contact with” and “sex” are used in some of the questions we will ask you, and apply to
any of the activities below, whether or not a condom or other protection was used:
1. Vaginal sex (contact between penis and vagina)
2. Oral sex (mouth or tongue on someone’s vagina, penis, or anus)
3. Anal sex (contact between penis and anus)
HIV/AIDS RISK BEHAVIORS AND SYMPTOMS
AIDS is caused by HIV. HIV is spread mainly through sexual contact with an infected person OR by sharing
needles or syringes used for injecting drugs.
DO NOT DONATE IF YOU:
-Have AIDS or have ever had a positive HIV test
-Have ever used needles to take drugs, steroids, or anything not prescribed by your doctor
- Are a male who has had sexual contact with another male, even once, since 1977
- Have ever taken money, drugs or other payment for sex since 1977
- Have had sexual contact in the past 12 months with anyone described above
- Have had syphilis or gonorrhea in the past 12 months
- In the last 12 months have been in juvenile detention, lockup, jail or prison for more than 72 hours
-Have any of the following conditions that can be signs or symptoms of HIV/AIDS:
Unexplained weight loss or night sweats
Blue or purple spots in your mouth or skin
Swollen lymph nodes for more than one month
White spots or unusual sores in your mouth
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Laboratory 1 Donor History
Cough that won’t go away or shortness of breath
Diarrhea that won’t go away
Fever of more than 100.5 oF for more than 10 days
Remember that you CAN give HIV to someone else through blood transfusions even if you feel well and have a
negative HIV test. This is because tests cannot detect infections for a period of time after a person is exposed to
HIV. If you think you may be at risk for HIV/AIDS or want an HIV/AIDS test, please ask for
information about other testing facilities. PLEASE DO NOT DONATE TO GET AN HIV TEST!
Travel to or birth in other countries
Blood donor tests may not be available for some contagious diseases that are found only in certain countries. If
you were born in, have lived in, or visited certain countries, you may not be eligible to donate.
What happens after your donation?
To protect patients, your blood is tested for hepatitis B and C, HIV, certain other infectious diseases, and
syphilis. If your blood tests positive it will not be given to a patient. You will be notified about test results that
may disqualify you from donating in the future. Please do not donate to get tested for HIV, hepatitis, or any
other infections!
Thank you for donating blood today!
(Donor Center Name)
(Telephone Number)
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Laboratory 1 Donor History
MEDICATION DEFERRAL LIST
Please tell us if you are now taking or if you have EVER taken any of these medications:
 Proscar© (finasteride)  usually given for prostate gland enlargement
 Avodart©, Jalyn (dutasteride)  usually given for prostate enlargement
 Propecia© (finasteride)  usually given for baldness
 Accutane© (Amnesteem, Claravis, Sotret, isotretinoin)  usually given for severe acne
 Soriatane© (acitretin) or Tegison© (etretinate) – usually given for severe psoriasis
 Growth Hormone from human pituitary glands  used usually for children with delayed
or impaired growth
 Insulin from cows (Bovine or Beef Insulin)  used to treat diabetes
 Hepatitis B Immune Globulin – given following an exposure to hepatitis B
o NOTE: This is different from the hepatitis B vaccine which is a series of 3 injections given over a 6
month period to prevent future infection from exposures to hepatitis B.
 Plavix (clopidogrel) and Ticlid (ticlopidine) – inhibits platelet function; used to reduce the chance for heart attack
and stroke.
 Feldene – given for mild to moderate arthritis pain
 Experimental Medication or Unlicensed (Experimental) Vaccine – usually associated with a research protocol
 Antibiotics
 Coumadin (Warfarin) or heparin – prevents clotting of the blood
IF YOU WOULD LIKE TO KNOW WHY THESE MEDICINES AFFECT YOU AS A BLOOD DONOR, PLEASE
KEEP READING:
 If you have taken or are taking Proscar, Avodart, Jalyn, Propecia, Accutane, Soriatane, or Tegison, these
medications can cause birth defects. Your donated blood could contain high enough levels to damage the unborn
baby if transfused to a pregnant woman. Once the medication has been cleared from your blood, you may donate
again. Following the last dose, the deferral period is one month Proscar, Propecia and Accutane, six months for
Avodart and Jalyn, and three years for Soriatane. Tegison is a permanent deferral.
 Growth hormone from human pituitary glands was prescribed for children with delayed or impaired growth.
The hormone was obtained from human pituitary glands. Some people who took this hormone developed a rare
nervous system condition called Creutzfeldt - Jakob disease (CJD, for short). The deferral is permanent.
 Insulin from cows (bovine, or beef, insulin) is an injected material used to treat diabetes. If this insulin was
imported into the US from countries in which “Mad Cow Disease” has been found, it could contain material from
infected cattle. There is concern that "Mad Cow Disease" is transmitted by transfusion. The deferral is indefinite.
 Hepatitis B Immune Globulin (HBIG) is an injected material used to prevent infection following an exposure to
hepatitis B. HBIG does not prevent hepatitis B infection in every case, therefore persons who have received
HBIG must wait 12 months to donate blood to be sure they were not infected since hepatitis B can be transmitted
through transfusion to a patient.
 Feldene is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that can affect platelet function. A donor taking Feldene will
not be able to donate platelets for 2 days; however, its use will not affect whole blood donations.
 Plavix and Ticlid are medications that can decrease the chance of a heart attack or stroke in individuals at risk for
these conditions. Since these medications can affect platelets, anyone taking Plavix or Ticlid will not be able to
donate platelets for 14 days after the last dose. Use of either medication will not prohibit whole blood donations.
 Aspirin-donors may not give platelets if they have taken aspirin within the last 48 hours before donation.
 Experimental Medication or Unlicensed (Experimental) Vaccine is usually associated with a research protocol
and the effect on blood donation is unknown. Deferral is one year unless otherwise indicated by Medical
Director.
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Laboratory 1 Donor History
Interviewer Name
(Your Name) ________________________________________________
Donor Name ___Warm, Luke____________________________________________________
Address
____4400 Isle of Capri Lane Austin, Texas 77000____________________________________
Date of Birth ____9-9-1989___________________ Social Security Number __000-00-0000_______________
When did you eat last?__Large breakfast as Denny’s breakfast bar_______________________
Type of donation today: ___Whole blood donation_______________________________
Do you weigh over 110 lbs (circle ONE) ?
(YES)
NO
Yes No
Are you
Feeling healthy and well today?
Currently taking an antibiotic?
Currently taking any other medication for an infection?
Please read the Medication Deferral List.
Are you now taking or have you ever taken any medications on the
Medication Deferral List?
Feldene-three days ago
Have you read the educational materials?
X
X
X
X
X
In the past 48 hours
Have you taken aspirin or anything that has aspirin in it?
X
In the past 6 weeks
Female donors: Have you been pregnant or are you pregnant now?
(Males: check “I am male.”)
In the past 8 weeks have you
Donated blood, platelets or plasma?
Had any vaccinations or other shots?
Donor had a varicella zoster vaccine on November 15, 2014.
Donor updated his MMR in September 2014.
Had contact with someone who had a smallpox vaccination?
In the past 16 weeks
Have you donated a double unit of red cells using an apheresis
machine?
In the past 12 months have you
Had a blood transfusion?
Had a transplant such as organ, tissue, or bone marrow?
X I am
male
X
X
X
X
X
X
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Laboratory 1 Donor History
Yes
Had a graft such as bone or skin?
Come into contact with someone else’s blood?
X
“I helped my wife place a bandage on her finger last week, but I did not
get any of her blood on me.”
Had an accidental needle-stick?
Had sexual contact with anyone who has HIV/AIDS or has had a
positive test for the HIV/AIDS virus?
Had sexual contact with a prostitute or anyone else who takes money or
drugs or other payment for sex?
Had sexual contact with anyone who has ever used needles to take
drugs or steroids, or anything not prescribed by their doctor?
Had sexual contact with anyone who has hemophilia or has used
clotting factor concentrates?
Female donors: Had sexual contact with a male who has ever had
sexual contact with another male? (Males: check “I am male.”)
Had sexual contact with a person who has hepatitis?
Lived with a person who has hepatitis?
Had a tattoo?
Had ear or body piercing?
Had or been treated for syphilis or gonorrhea?
Been in juvenile detention, lockup, jail, or prison for more than 72
X
hours?
“I was locked up for 48 hours in September after my birthday
celebration. Will that cause a problem for donation?”
In the past three years have you
Been outside the United States or Canada?
From 1980 through 1996,
Did you spend time that adds up to three (3) months or more in the
United Kingdom? (Review list of countries in the UK)
“I was on vacation in London for two weeks in June of 2014. “
Were you a member of the U.S. military, a civilian military employee,
or a dependent of a member of the U.S. military?
From 1980 to the present, did you
Spend time that adds up to five (5) years or more in Europe? (Review
list of countries in Europe.)
Receive a blood transfusion in the United Kingdom? (Review list of
countries in the UK.)
From 1977 to the present, have you
Received money, drugs, or other payment for sex?
Male donors: had sexual contact with another male, even once?
(Females: check “I am female.”)
No
X
X
X
X
X
X
X I am
male
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
female
Have you EVER
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Laboratory 1 Donor History
Had a positive test for the HIV/AIDS virus?
Used needles to take drugs, steroids, or anything not prescribed by your
doctor?
Used clotting factor concentrates?
Had hepatitis?
Had malaria?
Had Chagas’ disease?
Had babesiosis?
Received a dura mater (or brain covering) graft?
Had any type of cancer, including leukemia?
Had any problems with your heart or lungs?
Had a bleeding condition or a blood disease?
Had sexual contact with anyone who was born in or lived in Africa?
Been in Africa?
Have any of your relatives had Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease?
Yes No
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Evaluation of Results
Based on the information obtained from your donor history interview, complete the chart below. Refer to your
lecture guide and textbook for assistance in determining deferral status, if applicable.
Question Number
Reason for Deferral
Length of Deferral
Forms used in this laboratory were downloaded from the AABB web site:
http://www.aabb.org/resources/donation/questionnaires/Pages/dhqaabb.aspx
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Laboratory 1 Donor History
INFORMED CONSENT
I, the undersigned, have reviewed and understand the donor eligibility information and the blood donation
process. I agree NOT to donate blood or plasma for transfusion to another person or for further manufacture if I
have AIDS, a positive HIV antibody test, or if any of the activities or signs and symptoms associated with AIDS
apply to me. I understand that my blood will be tested for laboratory evidence of infectious agents capable of
transmission through blood transfusion including, but not limited to, the AIDS virus, hepatitis B, and other
viruses. I understand that I will be notified of test results that are important to my health and may affect my
eligibility to be a blood donor. If my HIV, hepatitis, or other test results are confirmed positive my blood will
not be transfused and my name will become part of a list of permanently deferred blood donors. I understand
that test results and medical history information will not be released without my written consent, except as
required by law. I have truthfully answered all medical questions. I am voluntarily donating my blood to be
used as determined by ABC Blood Center, and I at my own risk, for good consideration, hereby release ABC
Blood Center and its staff from all claims and demands incidental to or relative to the donation of this blood.
Donor (Printed Name)______________________________________
Donor Signature
Date
_______________________________
_________________________________________
Interviewer (Printed Name) ________________________________
Interviewer Signature ______________________________________
Date _______________________________________
BASED ON THE INFORMATION PROVIDED BY THE DONOR SELECT ONE OF THE
FOLLOWING (check ONE):
_____ Donor MUST be deferred for _______________
_____ Donor is acceptable.
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Laboratory 1 Donor History
Name_________________________________
Date___________________________ ___/14 points
Laboratory 1 Donor History
Study Questions
Each correct answer is worth 0.5 unless otherwise indicated.
1. How often may a donor donate a single unit of whole blood?
A potential donor has had the medical history interview. List the deferral time for each situation listed below.
(Refer to your lecture guide and textbook).
2. Had surgery and received 2 units of blood.
3. Wishes to donate platelets but took aspirin last night for a headache.
4. Had leukemia but has been in remission for 10 years.
5. Recently had a baby.
6. Had hepatitis at age 8.
7. Has been implicated in 2 cases of post-transfusion hepatitis.
8. Recently had a tattoo.
9. Recently got out of prison.
10. Traveled to a malarial endemic country for a 2 week vacation.
11. Admits to having been a prostitute in 1983.
12. Received pituitary growth hormone of human origin in 1968.
13. Is taking Accutane for treatment of acne.
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Laboratory 1 Donor History
List the deferral times for the following immunizations.
14. Measles (rubeola)
15. Immune serum globulin (HBIG) following blood exposure
16. Hepatitis B vaccine
17. German measles (rubella)
18. Mumps
19. Oral Polio
20. Yellow fever
21. Smallpox
22. Cholera
23. What are the minimum and maximum age requirements for qualifying as a routine blood donor? (1
point)
a. Minimum –
b. Maximum 24. The questions asked during the donor interview (medical history) serve 2 purposes, state these two
purposes. (2 points).
a.
b.
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