Index
A priori, 320 n. 1
Abelard, 305 n. 15
Able to laugh (property of man), see also 'risible' 15
Abstraction, 53, 56, 101, 117-118
Acceptation (acceptio), 30, 34, 182
Accident: categories of, 57-59; cognition of, 97, see also principle of substantial content
Accusative-with-infinitve constructions and ‘that-clauses’ 38, 125, 228-229
Action and passion, 272 n. 10
Ad extra vs. apud mentem (outside vs. inside the mind), 43, 176, 203, 206, 308-309 n. 3; 313 n. 28
Ad placitum (signification by convention), 17, 21-22, 30, 40, 55, 221
Adams, M. M. 276 n. 8, 310 n.
Adjacency/pertinence (adiacentia) and connotation, 65, 188, 191
Adjectival predicates, 302 n. 26.
Affection of the soul (passio), 30, 34
Albertus de Saxonia, 276 n. 7, 278 n. 16, 304 n. 10, 307 n. 30, 319 n. 31
Ambiguity: no ambiguity in mental language 29-30; ambiguity and regimentation 128-130; scopeambiguity of negation 148
Ampliation: 151-157, 169; ampliative contexts (verbs, participles, adverbs, modalities), 159-160,
304 n. 5, 311 n. 21, 314 n. 32; ampliative terms, 156-157; theory of , 156, 166-171, 306 n. 24.
Analogy (by attribution), 40, 45, 281 n. 16
Anonymous, Dialectica Monacensis, 8-9
Antecedent, 210-212, 241-242
Antichrist, 169
Appellation: 188-191, 311 n. 21, 314 n. 32, 316 n.10; of concepts (appellatio rationis), 191-202, see
also connotation
Appellationes dicti, 314 n. 3, see also accusative-with-infinitve constructions and ‘that-clauses’
Appellative term, 188, 311 n. 21, see also term
Argument from indifference, 70-74, 80, 292-293 n. 93, see also indifference
Aristotle, 3-4, 8-11, 20, 50, 57, 60, 72, 80, 91, 97, 117, 124, 139, 143, 154, 201, 204, 219-220, 243
Ashworth, J. 75, 276 n. 6, 289-290 n. 79, 303 n. 2
Attributive locution, 18, see also analogy
Averroes, 78, 322 n. 20,
Avicenna, 97, 322 n. 20
Barwise, J. 302 n. 29
Being: as true, 314-315 n. 4; see also copula
Berger, H. 276 nn. 6, 9
Berkeley, G. 93, 240, 295 nn. 119,127, 322 n. 21,
Bérubé, C. 287 n. 64
Biard, J. 276 n. 6, 294 n. 113, 312 n. 24
Biltrix, 16, 50, 273. n. 23
BIV (Brain-in-a-vat), 253-256, see: Demon-skepticism
Boethius of Dacia, 5
Boethius: 10, 15,
Boler, J. 287 n. 64
1
Boolean operations, 125, 304 n. 12, 320 n. 2
Bradwardine, T. 227-228, 318 n. 25
Broadie, A. 303 n. 3
Brower, J. 284 n. 43
Brumberg-Chaumont, J. 298-299 n. 160
Burley, W. 198, 313 n. 30
Causes of truth (causae veritatis), 220-221, 31 n. 2
Chalmers, D. 281 n. 24
Chimera, 59
Common sense (sensus communis), 79, 81-82, 96, 100, 237-238
Complexe significabile, 204, 207, 219-225, 272-273 n. 18
Complexio (combination of concepts) 39, 42, 53, 55-56, 123-124
Complexio distans (propositional combination) vs. complexio indistans (non-propositional
combination) 55-56
Complexity, semantic vs. syntactic 40-45, 48-50, 52-53, 55, 107, 176
Composition, 53, 280 n. 10
Compositionality, 49-50, 53, 104-108, 176, 308 n. 1, 325 n. 8
Concept: 22, 27-30; absolute vs. connotative (appellative) 56-57, 61, 65-66, 94, 104-106, 112-120;
accidental and substantial 92-96; appellation of: see appellation; categorematic vs.
syncategorematic 37-38, 55, 105, 175-176, 206, 279 n. 3, n. 5, 282 n. 31, 308-309 n. 3, 320 n.
3, 326 n. 6; combination (complexio) of concepts, see complexio; common (universal) vs.
singular 69-83; complexive, 43, 55, 124, 279 n. 5; identity conditions of 30-32; infused, 249;
individuation of token concepts 34; quidditative, 108; simple vs. complex, 38-56, 63-65;
tokens and types, 34-36; vague singular concepts 108-111; see also intention
Concrete, see term
Coniunctim (taken together) vs. divisim (taken one by one), 88-89
Connotation, 54-56, 58, 191, 282 n. 3, see also predication: denominative vs. essential/quidditative
Connotative, see term, concept
Consciousness: 47, 50, 54, 160, 238, 253-254, 298 n. 148
Consequence: 91-92, formal validity of, 210-216; a hypothetical proposition, 243; material, 233,
320 n. 38
Consequent, 210-216
Context: 22, 26, 28, 32, 52, 94-95, 155, 162, 177, 273 n. 19, 306, n. 21; ampliative, 156-159, 166173, 208; intentional and intensional, 134, 156, 187-188, 195, 206, 301 n. 22, 304, n. 5, 311 n.
16, 311 n. 18; of cognition vs. recognition 110-111
Contraposition 211-216
Conventional signification, see ad placitum
Conversio ad phantasmata, 277 n. 15
Cooper, R. 302 n. 29
Copula: 38, 43, 45, 55-56, 94-95,122-124, 261-262, 279 nn. 3, 5; 280, n. 10, 281 n. 21, 300 n. 5,
304 n. 10, 308-309 n. 3, 311 n. 17
Copulatim, see supposition, descent
Correspondence-condition, 223-226; 229; 231-233
Cosupposition 204, 230-231
Cosupposition condition (CSC) 231-232
Cronin, T. J. 306-307 n. 28
2
D’Ors, A. 271 n. 2
De Morgan’s example (against syllogistic) 139-141
De virtute sermonis (in the proper/strict sense), 17-18; 21 see also ad placitum
Definition: 62-66; nominal (definitio exprimens quid nominis), 45, 61-63, 285 n. 47; quidditative
(definitio quidditativa), 65-66, 65, 286 n. 54
Definitum, 68
Dekker, D. 308 n. 3
Demon-skepticism, 248, 251-253, 255-258
Demonstration (demonstratio) 10, 13, 66, 154, 236-237, 242-243
DeMorgan, A. 139-141
Denominative vs. quidditative predication, 67, 94, 112, 114, 260, 326 n. 3
DeRijk, L. M. 271 nn. 3-4, 272 nn. 8-9, 304 n. 6, 305 n. 19, 310 n. 9, 312 n. 24, 314 n. 3
Description: nominal definition 68, definite vs. indefinite, 136, 146-148, 150-151, 169
Determination (and determinable), 56-57, 125-127
Dialectic (dialectica), 8, 10, 13
Dictum: 167, 204, 207, 217, 316 n. 12
Difference (essential, specific), 64, 113-118
Distribution, 182; see also supposition, suppositional descent
Distributive sign, 182
Dod, B. G. 272 n. 8
Domingo Soto, 284 n. 45, 327 nn. 13-14
Dorp, J. 109-111, 298 nn. 146-147
Duns Scotus, 5, 288 n.67, 306-307 n. 28
Ebbesen, S. 276 n. 6, 303 n. 2
Englebretsen, G. 301 n. 21
Enuntiabilia, 204, 207, 272 n. 10, 316 n. 12; see also complexe significabilia
Equivocation, 51-52, 84-86, 121, 153, 276 nn. 6, 8, 290 n. 80
Estimative power (virtus aestimativa) 97
Ex institutione (by convention), see ad placitum
Existential import, 136, 141, 143-157, 167, 304 n. 5
Experience, 54, 87, 92-93, 96, 99-101, 110, 118-119, 234-237, 245, 247-249, 264-266
Exponent (exponens), 46
Exposition, 29, 45, 46, 49, 284 n. 45
Fallacy, 182, 241, 310 n. 9
Faral, E. 270 n. 1, 271 n. 5
Frege, G. 131-132, 283 n. 34, 302 n. 25
Gaifman, H. 274 n. 39
Game theoretical semantics, 186-187, 311 n. 14
Geach, P. T. 304 n. 6, 309 n. 6
God (in examples), 25, 42, 57, 59, 69, 71, 84, 113, 115-116, 153, 172, 201, 206, 208, 211, 217,
243-244, 247-248, 252, 281 n. 21, 292 n. 92, 316 nn. 10, 15
Grammarian, 40, 43, 115
Greco, J. 237-239, 245, 321-322 nn. 11-19
Hanoch Ben-Yami, 301 n. 21
Henninger, M. 284 n. 43
Henry of Ghent, 306 n. 28
3
Henry, D. P. 294 n. 111, 304 n. 6, 305 n. 17
Hume, D. 93, 295 n. 119
Hyeronimus Pardo, 182, 308 n. 1, 309 n. 8
Identity theory of predication, see predication
Impetus theory, 4
Imposition, 22-23, 46-48, 51-52, 84-85, 89, 117, 176, 221, 290 n. 80, 308 n. 1
In quale: predication in the category of quality, 116; predication in the category of quality as
opposed to the predication of specific difference (in quale accidentale vs. essentiale), 112113.
Indemonstrable principles of demonstration, 236, 243, see also induction, demonstration
Indifference (indifferent representation), 91, see: argument from indifference
Induction, 235-237
Inherence theory of predication, 145, see also predication
Insolubilia, 216
Intention (intentio, concept), 27, 46, 76, 97, 98, 154, 191, 228-229, 275 n. 1; intentio prima vs.
secunda (first vs. second intentions), 228, 319 n. 31; see also concept, ratio
Kaplan, D. 317 n. 8
Karger, E. 287 n.65, 317 n. 9, 322 n. 22
King, P. 5, 101, 270 n. 4, 296 n. 132, 296-297 nn. 135-136, 320 n. 38, 326 n. 2
Kneale, W. and Kneale, M. 303 n. 1, 305 n. 15
Knowledge (scientia) 13, 23, 96, 193
Knuuttila, S. 306-307 n. 28
Kripke, S. 294 n. 105
Lagerlund, H. 270 n. 2, 288 n. 67
Lambert of Auxerre 307 n. 30, 310 n. 10
Lambert, K. 162, 306 n. 26, 307 n. 1
Liar paradox, 129, 174, 225-227, 230-233, 301 n. 18, 317 n. 10, 320 n. 37
Locke, J. 93, 295 n. 119, 321 n. 6,
Logica: antiqua vs. modernorum, 11-12, docens vs. utens 13-14
Lohr, C. 272 n. 8
Lycan, W. 158-159, 306 n. 27
Marsilius Inghen, 311 n. 18, 312 n. 22
Matthew of Aquasparta, 320-321 n. 4
Meinongian Jungle, 157-159, 162
Mental language, 27-36, 104, 121, 129, 176, 205, 281 n. 24, 299 n. 1
Merrill, D. 303 n. 32
Michael, B. 270 n. 1
Montague, R. 129, 301 n. 19
Moore, W. L. 271 n. 6
Natural science, 243-245, 252, 323 n. 31
Negatio in re, 37
Negation, infinitizing vs. negating (i.e., term-negation vs. propositional negation), 146-147, 167,
170, 186
Nicholas d’Oresme, 71, 108-109, 288 n. 70, 297 n. 144,
Nicholas of Autrecourt, 240-243, 294-295 n. 115, 322 n. 22, 323 n. 26
No good inference argument, 239, 324 n. 35
4
Nominal definition (definitio dicens quid nominis), 104, see definition
Nominalism, 269 n. 3
Normore, C. 274 n. 39, 282 n. 27, 296 n. 135, 315 n. 6
Nuchelmans, G. 272 n. 18, 283 n. 35, 308 n. 1, 314 n. 3
Numerals and numbers, see numerical quantifiers
Numerical quantifiers, 186-187
Numerically one/same or numerically distinct, 15, 17, 28, 29, 34, 276 n. 3, 277 n. 13, 278 n. 16,
288 n. 67
Obligational disputation, 26, 275 n. 43
Odenberg, D. S. 325-326 n. 1
Øhrstrøm, P. 311 n. 17
Ontological commitment, 134, 162-174
Opposition, privative, contradictory or relative, 107
Orenstein, A. 301 n. 21, 303 n. 34
Panaccio, C. 104, 276 n. 9, 281 n. 24, 289 n. 75, 296 nn. 133, 135, 297 nn. 137, 139, 315 n. 8
Parasitic vs. constitutive reference, 76, 291 n. 84
Parsons, T. 301 n. 21, 302 n. 26
Pasnau, R. 287 n. 64, 293 n. 96, 322 n. 20
Paul of Venice 310 n. 9
Per accidens, 97
Per se and primarily (per se et primo), 99
Per se, 66, 97, 100, 109, 114, 116, 160, 236, 264
Perez-Ilzarbe, P. 318 n. 21
Perini Santos, E. 311 n. 17
Perini-Santos, E. 276 n. 9
Pertinence (adiacentia), 188-191
Peter of Spain, 8, 12-13, 306 n. 21
Phantasms, 73, 92, 97
Pini, G. 273 n. 21, 288 n. 67, 324 n. 36
Polish notation, 127
Porphyry, 9, 13, 17, 20, 21, 28, 29, 83-84, 114, 260, 290, 305 n. 17
Predicate: defined, 122, 299 n.2; essential 236
Predication: denominative vs. essential/quidditative, 67, 94, 112-114, 260, 326 n. 3; essential, with
connotative terms, 259-263, 287 n. 59; identity vs. inherence theory of, 145; modes of, 94,
152, 260
Priest, G. 306 n. 24, 310 n. 9
Primary substance, 58
Principle of bivalence, 218, 226
Principle of compositionality, 104
Principle of gradation of the certainty of scientific principles, 236, 243-244
Principle of individuation, 73, 80
Principle of natural invariance of mental representation, 32, 248, 253, 256
Principle of noncontradiction, 238-239, 243
Principle of scope-base ordering 127
Principle of the activity of the intellect, 99, 235
Principle of the primacy and multiplicity of scientific principles, 236
5
Principle of the substantial content of sensory information, 99, 235
Privative opposition, 107, 189, 282 n. 30
Pronouns: anaphoric, 302 n. 20; demonstrative, 85, 87, 109-110; relative, 125, 127
Properties of terms, 175-202
Proportion, see analogy of attribution
Proposition, 14, 272 n. 18; affirmative has existential import 145, 304 n. 5; atemporal, 214;
assertoric (de inesse) 122, 220; categorical, 122-124, 136, 150, 299 n. 3; hypothetical, 122123, 135, 153, 299 n. 3; modal composite vs. divided, 201; quality and quantity of, 135,
mental, 16-17, 28-29, 32, 117, 123-125, 205; negative has no existential import, 304 n. 5,
self-evident (per se nota; see also indemonstrable principles of demonstration)
Propositional nominalization, see dictum
Putnam, H. 247, 255, 257, 325 n. 2
Qua, 313 n. 29
Quantification, 133, 136, 138-142, 147, 151-152, 157, 159, 161, 199, 217, 301 n. 20, 302 n. 26; and
modes of supposition, 180-186, 309 n. 4, 310 n. 9; and numbers, 186-187; and ontological
commitment, 162-174; generalized 137-139, 151, 157, 302 n. 29, 303 n. 30; restricted 134,
137, 149, 303 n. 34, 314 n. 32; many-sorted, 157; uniform 139
Quantifier-shift fallacy, 182
Quid est esse rei (essence), 64, 68
Quid nominis (meaning of the name, nominal definition), 63, 285 n. 47; see also definition
Quidditative: definition, 62-65 see also definition; predication. 94-95, see also predication
Quine, W. V. O. 163-173, 294 n. 107, 307 nn. 2-4
Ratio, see appellatio rationis
Read, S. L. 294 n. 113, 306 n. 24, 308 n. 6, 309 n. 6, 310 nn. 9-11, 318 n. 25, 319 n. 29, 320 n. 36
Reciprocal Liar 25, 216-218
Reid, T. 237-239, 321 n. 11
Relations: in quantification theory vs. Aristotelian logic, 139-142; 303 n. 32
Relative clause: restrictive vs. nonrestrictive, 125-127
Restricted variables, 136-137, 141, 149, 171, 303 n. 33
Rigid designators (see also predication, essential/quidditative), 86, 94, 294 n. 105
Risible (property of man), 15
Sandu, G. 186, 311 n. 14
Schwartz, S. P. 289-290 n. 79
Scientia (knowledge, science), 13-14, 28, 96, 193, 208, 233-252, 320 n.1; division of science 8-9
Scott, T. K. 6-7, 271 n. 7
Searle, J. R. 291-292 n. 84
Second adjacent (secundum adiacens), 'is' as an absolute predicate, 122. See also copula
Second intention (intentio secunda), 228-229, 319 n. 31, see also intention
Senses: external vs. internal, 81-82, 96-97, 100, 109-111, 118, 298 n. 148
Sensibilia: common vs. proper, 81-82, 100; per se vs. per accidens, 264
Sensus communis (common sense), 79, 96, 100
Siger of Brabant, 5
Signification: ad extra vs. apud mentem (outside vs. in the mind), 203-204, 206, 220; ultimate vs.
immediate, 165-166, 175-176; conventional vs. natural, see ad placitum; distinguished from
supposition, 165-166, 176-177; modes of, 69, 84-85, 94-95, 117; principal or primary vs.
secondary (see also connotation)
6
Significatively (or personally, as opposed to materially), 18, 177, 228
Signs of quantity (signa quantitatis), 148
Singular concepts, see concept
Singular terms, see term
Spade, P. V. 31, 180, 271 n. 6, 276 n. 8, 281 n. 24, 283 n. 42, 308 n. 1, 309 n. 5
Species, 252
Spruyt, J. 271 n. 2
Square of opposition, 138, 142-145, 152
Subalternation and existential import 156, 304 n. 5
Subordination, see imposition
Supposition: 176-180; ampliation of, see ampliation; kinds of, 177-178; modes of, 178-186, see
also quantification, quantifier-shift fallacy; natural supposition, 64, 67, 151, 157, 167, 177,
243; and truth,
Sweeney, E. 272 n. 7
Syllogism, 139
Syncategoremata, see term, concept
Synonymous expressions, not distinguished in mental language, 46-47, 63, 105, 206
Tachau, K. 287 n. 65
Tarski, A. 129, 216, 301 n. 18
Tatarzynski, R. 271 n. 5
Tense, and tempus verbi, 311 n. 20, see ampliation
Term (terminus): 175-176, absolute: 61, 67-68, 105, 190, 261-267, can have appellation, 191;
cannot have a nominal definition 64, function as rigid designators 94-95; abstract vs.
concrete, 57, 115-116, 190; accidental, 58, 94-95, 283 n. 39; appellative, 189-191, appellates
its form, 311 n. 21, same as connotative 326 n. 4; categorematic, 37, 56, 58, 60, 69, 106, 176,
203, 207, 261, 279 n. 2; common, 6, 23, 87-89, 109-110, 131-132, 143, 155, 167, 171, 181,
184, 207, 229, 263, 266, 293 n. 98; complex vs. incomplex, 9, 38, 55, 58, 68, 85, 107, 125,
136, 139, 143, 191, 195; collective, 88; conjunctive, 88, 310, n. 10; connotative, 60, 64-68,
94, 103-107, 261-263, 267, 281 n. 24, 282 n. 32, 297 n. 139, 326 n. 4; disjunctive, 179;
infinite, see negation; mental, 30, 279 n. 5; oblique, 139, 191, 194; singular, 6, 14-15, 75, 8389, 117, 169, 178, 288 n. 67, 289 n. 79, 291 n. 82, 293 n. 98
Terms of syllogism vs. term of propositions, 140
Theory of evidence, 237-238
Theory of ideas, 239-240
Thijssen, H. 294-295 n. 115
Third adjacent (tertium adiacens), see copula
Thom, P. 306-307. n. 28
Thomas Aquinas, 72, 78-79, 81, 288-289 n. 71, 289 n. 72, 293 n. 94, 325 n. 41
Thomas de Vio Cajetan, 325 n. 41
Three operations of the intellect, 39, 280 n. 9
Token-based logic/semantics 14-26, 174, 216, 274 n. 39, 308 n. 10
Tokens & types, 22-36, 177
Truth-conditions, 139, 183, 189, 193, 194, 198, 203-206, 209, 220-221, 310 n. 9
Ungesättigt (unsaturated), 55, 122, 134, 283 n. 34
Universals, 10, 28, 70, 72, 83, 89, 267, 269-270 n. 3, 296 n. 132
Vague individual, 111
7
Van der Lecq, R. 278 n. 1, 316 n. 9
Via antiqua vs. moderna, 6, 58-61, 266-267, 271 n. 6, 283 n. 39, 299 n. 166
Virtual implication condition (VIC) 231
Virtual implication, 227, 230-233, 320 n. 37
Virtus sermonis (force of phrase), 20-21
Westerståhl, D. 303 n. 30
William Ockham, 3, 6-7, 30-32, 70, 90-91, 199, 283 nn. 40-41, 287 n. 66, 305 n. 18, 306 n. 24,
313-314 n. 31, 326 n. 4
William of Sherwood, 305 n. 17
Zupko, J. 269 n. 1, 270 n. 19, 289 n. 72, 293 n. 95, 320 n. 3
8