Themes for the oral examination – Pathology
(for the students of 3rd year of dentistry in 2012/2013)
General pathology
1. Necrosis, gangrene, apoptosis (gross and microscopic characterization of various types,
causes, localization, healing).
2. Healing of ischemic necrosis (general description, differences in the outcome of healing).
3. Regressive and metabolic changes (overview, definition of basic terms).
4. Reversible cell injury. Adaptation to stress, functional adaptation (hypertrophy,
hyperplasia, metaplasia, atrophy).
5. Disorders of protein metabolism, inclusions.
6. Amyloidosis (pathogenesis, diagnosis, gross and microscopic characterization).
7. Disorders of glycid metabolism, diabetes mellitus.
8. Disorders of lipid metabolism, fatty change (steatosis), lipomatosis.
9. Pathological calcification (classification, causes, examples).
10. Disorders of mineral metabolism, crystals, concrements (causes, examples)
11. Disorders of water metabolism, edema, dehydratation (causes, tissue changes).
12. Pigmentation endogenous, exogenous (overview, causes, examples).
13. Hematogenic pigments, hemochromatosis, hemosiderosis.
14. Exogenous pigmentations, pneumoconioses.
15. Jaundice (pathogenesis, classification).
16. Causes and manifestation of the circulatory failure.
17. Shock.
18. Pulmonary hypertension, causes, organ changes.
19. Systemic hypertension, causes, organ changes.
20. Hyperemia, classification, causes.
21. Thrombosis (pathogenesis, classification, healing, complications).
22. Embolism, Embolism (types, causes, outcome).
23. Hemorrhagic diathesis, basic classification.
24. Inflammation (general characteristics, definitions, examples, outcome).
25. Inflammation – alterative, exsudative (overview, macroscopic and microscopic finding,
examples, importance of particular types).
26. Inflammation – suppurative.
27. Inflammation – fibrinous, pseudomembranous (examples, consequences).
28. Inflammation – proliferative (overview, examples).
29. Specific inflammation.
30. Syphilis.
31. Tuberculosis, primary, secondary.
32. Granulation tissue (gross and microscopical finding, outcome, results of healing).
33. Wound healing, reaction to foreign material.
34. Genetic causes of diseases and congenital malformations (overview, examples).
35. Immune reactions and their abnormalities, hypersensitivity, immunosuppression,
examples.
36. Autoimmune diseases (overview, examples).
37. Role of nutrition in the pathogenesis of diseases. Avitaminoses, hypovitaminoses.
38. Physical causes of diseases.
39. Chemical causes of diseases.
40. Bacteriaemia, sepsis, toxemia, pyemia (definition, causes, complications).
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Streptococcal and staphylococcal infection.
Oncogenic viruses.
Candidiasis, aspergillosis, opportunistic mycoses.
Parasitic diseases, overview.
Cysts, pseudocysts (examples, localization).
Tumors, pseudotumors (definition, examples, histogenetic classification, TNM
classification).
Benign tumors, malignant tumors (definition, characteristic features, examples).
Tumor metastases, types, examples.
Precanceroses (definition, examples).
Benign mesenchymal tumors, examples.
Carcinoma in situ, examples.
Benign epithelial tumors.
Malignant tumors of superficial epithelium.
Malignant tumors of glandular epithelium.
Malignant mesenchymal tumors.
Mixed tumors, germ cell tumors, teratomas
Neuroectodermal tumors.
Nevi, malignant melanoma
Tumors of the childhood.
Leukemias (overview).
Myelodysplastic, myeloproliferative syndrome
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
Systemic pathology
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Congenital heart diseases.
Pathology of the pericardium.
Bacterial and non-bacterial endocarditis, complications, age-related valvular changes.
Pathology of the ischemic heart disease.
Myocarditis, cardiomyopathy.
Changes in the cardiac shape and size
Atherosclerosis.
Aneurysmas.
Vasculitis.
Inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, laryngitis.
Tumor of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and the larynx (false and true).
COPD.
Atelectasis and collapse of the lungs.
Pulmonary edema.
Pulmonary infarction.
Pulmonary inflammation. Differential diagnosis of the bronchopneumonia and lobar
pneumonia.
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Tumors of the lung.
Pneumothorax.
Chemical injury of the alimentary tract mucosa (esophagus, stomach).
Gastritis (overview, complications).
Peptic ulcer.
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Gastric tumors.
Differential dg. of intestinal inflammations (infectious, non-infectious).
Inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease).
Hernias. Invagination, volvulus and other causes of mechanical ileus, complications.
Appendicitis.
Malabsorption syndrome.
Peritonitis.
Intestinal tumors.
Pathology of the gallbladder.
Hepatitis, hepatodystrophy, alcoholic liver disease.
Liver cirrhosis.
Tumors if the liver, primary, secondary.
Pathology of the gallbladder and pancreas except tumors
Tumors of the gallbladder and pancreas.
Pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis.
Nephrosclerosis.
Tubulointerstitial nephritis.
Glomerulonephritis.
Renal tumors.
Renal failure, nephrotic syndrome.
Precanceroses and tumors of the urinary bladder.
Testicular neoplasms.
Pathology of the prostate.
Precanceroses of the female genital tract.
Tumors of the female genital tract (overview).
Tumors of the uterus (overview).
Malignant tumors of the uterus.
Cysts and tumors of the ovary.
Pathology of the placenta.
Hyperplasia and inflammation of the thyroid gland.
Tumors of the thyroid gland.
Precanceroses and tumors of the breast.
Pathology of the hypophysis.
Pathology of the adrenal gland.
Hydrocephalus.
Meningitis. Encephalitis (overview). Prion disease.
Intracranial hemorrhage.
Circulatory disturbances in the brain.
Edema of the brain, hydrocephalus.
Tumors of the peripheral nerves.
Tumors of the central nervous system
Inflammation of bones (overview).
Bone fractures (complications, healing).
Tumors of the bones and joints.
Arthritis. Arthrosis.
Precanceroses and neoplasms of the skin.
Basic terms in dermatopathology (hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, papilomatosis,
akanthosis, etc., examples). Inflammatory dermatoses (overview).
70. Anemias.
71. Lymphadenitis, reactive changes of lymph nodes.
Dentistry
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Developmental disorders of the oral cavity.
Inflammation of the jaw bones.
Tumors of the jaw bones.
Pathology of the jaw joint.
Developmental disorders of teeth.
Regressive changes of the dental tissue.
Dental carries.
Pulpitis.
Periodontitis.
Pathology of the parodont.
Odontogenic cysts.
Odontogenic tumors.
Developmental disorders of salivary glands, sialolithiasis.
Inflammation of salivary glands.
Sialosis.
Cysts and tumors of salivary glands.
Regressive, metabolic and circulatory disorders of the oral cavity.
Inflammation of the oral cavity.
Granulomas of the oral cavity.
Specific inflammation of the oral cavity.
Oral cavity in leukemia, lymphomas.
Manifestation of infectious diseases in the oral cavity.
Hyperplasia and hamartomas of the oral cavity.
Cysts of the oral cavity.
Epulis.
Pigmented lesions of the oral cavity.
Precanceroses and epithelial tumors of the oral cavity.
Mesenchymal tumors of the oral cavity.
Metabolic and genetic diseases of jaws.
Manifestation of AIDS in the oral cavity.
Manifestation of autoimmune diseases in the oral cavity.