Supplemental figures and tables:
Figure S1. Generation procedure of the 2D mask: (a) the 3D skull; (b) top view of the 3D skull;
(c) projection of the 3D skull from the top view; and (d) 2D mask from (c) by filling the holes.
The arrows in the images denote the front of the skull.
Figure S2. Determination of the midsagittal line: (a) for each point on the boundary, the
longest line connecting this point to the rest of boundary points was detected; (b) the lines
with length ranked top 10% were selected as candidate MSLs; (c) 2D mask with candidate
MSL with dash and red color; (d) the “mirror” mask from (c) flipped along the candidate MSL;
(e) overlap area between original mask (c) and its “mirror” mask; (f) the determined MSL with
dash and red color on brain image. The arrow in the image denotes the front of the skull.
Figure S3. The alignment of the 3D skull: (a) the pre-alignment 3D skull; (b) the pre-alignment
2D mask with the MSL (dash and red color); (c) the aligned 2D mask with the vertical
centerline of the image (blue line); (d) the aligned 3D skull; (e) the top view of the aligned 3D
skull; (f) the aligned 2D brain. The arrows in the images denote the front of the skull.
Figure S4. The likelihood map of the all segmented suture structures (right/left coronal suture,
right and left lambdoid suture, sagittal suture, and metopic suture)
Figure S5. Alignment performances of lines with length ranked top 10%, 20% and 50% as
candidate MSLs in first, second and third row, respectively. (a) detected candidate MSLs; (b)
determined MSL with dash and red color; (c) aligned 2D mask; (d) aligned 3D skull, and (e) top
view of the aligned 3D skull. The arrows in the images denote the front of the skull.
Table S1. Summary of all the features extracted
Space relationships of sutures (3: 1-3)
1
2
3
Front-distance from the coronal suture to the front of the skull
Rear-distance from the lambdoid to the rear of the skull
Middle-distance from the lambdoid to the coronal suture
Features extraction from the region of the left coronal suture (15: Shape based 4-17; Position probability 18)
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Existence (1 or 0) of this left coronal suture
Average length of the left coronal suture
Area of the left coronal suture
Average width of the left coronal suture
Number of suture segments in the region of the left coronal suture
Area of the segment with largest area in the region of the left coronal suture
Perimeter of the segment with largest area in the region of the left coronal suture
Area of the bounding box of the segment with largest area in the region of the left coronal suture
Major axis length of the segment with largest area in the region of the left coronal suture
Minor axis length of the segment with largest area in the region of the left coronal suture
Orientation of the segment with largest area in the region of the left coronal suture
Eccentricity of the segment with largest area in the region of the left coronal suture
Sphericity of the segment with largest area in the region of the left coronal suture
Compactness of the segment with largest area in the region of the left coronal suture
Position probability of the left coronal suture
Features extraction from the region of the right coronal suture (15: Shape based 19-32; Position probability 33)
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
Existence (1 or 0) of this right coronal suture
Average length of the right coronal suture
Area of the right coronal suture
Average width of the right coronal suture
Number of suture segments in the region of the right coronal suture
Area of the segment with largest area in the region of the right coronal suture
Perimeter of the segment with largest area in the region of the right coronal suture
Area of the bounding box of the segment with largest area in the region of the right coronal suture
Major axis length of the segment with largest area in the region of the right coronal suture
Minor axis length of the segment with largest area in the region of the right coronal suture
Orientation of the segment with largest area in the region of the right coronal suture
Eccentricity of the segment with largest area in the region of the right coronal suture
Sphericity of the segment with largest area in the region of the right coronal suture
Compactness of the segment with largest area in the region of the right coronal suture
Position probability of the right coronal suture
Features extraction from the region of the left lambdoid suture (15: Shape based 34-47; Position probability 48)
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
Existence (1 or 0) of this left lambdoid suture
Average length of the left lambdoid suture
Area of the left lambdoid suture
Average width of the left lambdoid suture
Number of suture segments in the region of the left lambdoid suture
Area of the segment with largest area in the region of the left lambdoid suture
Perimeter of the segment with largest area in the region of the left lambdoid suture
Area of the bounding box of the segment with largest area in the region of the left lambdoid suture
Major axis length of the segment with largest area in the region of the left lambdoid suture
Minor axis length of the segment with largest area in the region of the left lambdoid suture
Orientation of the segment with largest area in the region of the left lambdoid suture
Eccentricity of the segment with largest area in the region of the left lambdoid suture
Sphericity of the segment with largest area in the region of the left lambdoid suture
Compactness of the segment with largest area in the region of the left lambdoid suture
Position probability of the left lambdoid suture
Features extraction from the region of the Right lambdoid suture (15: Shape based 49-62; Position probability 63)
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
Existence (1 or 0) of this right lambdoid suture
Average length of the right lambdoid suture
Area of the right lambdoid suture
Average width of the right lambdoid suture
Number of suture segments in the region of the right lambdoid suture
Area of the segment with largest area in the region of the right lambdoid suture
Perimeter of the segment with largest area in the region of the right lambdoid suture
Area of the bounding box of the segment with largest area in the region of the right lambdoid suture
Major axis length of the segment with largest area in the region of the right lambdoid suture
Minor axis length of the segment with largest area in the region of the right lambdoid suture
Orientation of the segment with largest area in the region of the right lambdoid suture
Eccentricity of the segment with largest area in the region of the right lambdoid suture
Sphericity of the segment with largest area in the region of the right lambdoid suture
Compactness of the segment with largest area in the region of the right lambdoid suture
Position probability of the right lambdoid suture
Features extraction from the region of the Sagittal suture (15: Shape based 64-77; Position probability 78)
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
Existence (1 or 0) of this sagittal suture
Average length of the sagittal suture
Area of the sagittal suture
Average width of the sagittal suture
Number of suture segments in the region of the sagittal suture
Area of the segment with largest area in the region of the sagittal suture
Perimeter of the segment with largest area in the region of the sagittal suture
Area of the bounding box of the segment with largest area in the region of the sagittal suture
Major axis length of the segment with largest area in the region of the sagittal suture
Minor axis length of the segment with largest area in the region of the sagittal suture
Orientation of the segment with largest area in the region of the sagittal suture
Eccentricity of the segment with largest area in the region of the sagittal suture
Sphericity of the segment with largest area in the region of the sagittal suture
Compactness of the segment with largest area in the region of the sagittal suture
Position probability of the sagittal suture
Features extraction from the region of Metopic suture and anterior fontanelles (15: Shape based 79-92; Position
probability 93)
79
Existence (1 or 0) of this metopic suture and anterior fontanelles
80
Average length of the metopic suture and anterior fontanelles
81
Area of the metopic suture and anterior fontanelles
82
Average width of the metopic suture and anterior fontanelles
83
Number of suture segments in the region of the metopic suture and anterior fontanelles
84
Area of the segment with largest area in the region of the metopic suture and anterior fontanelles
85
Perimeter of the segment with largest area in the region of the metopic suture and anterior fontanelles
86
Area of the bounding box of the segment with largest area in the region of the metopic suture and anterior
fontanelles
87
Major axis length of the segment with largest area in the region of the metopic suture and anterior fontanelles
88
Minor axis length of the segment with largest area in the region of the metopic suture and anterior fontanelles
89
Orientation of the segment with largest area in the region of the metopic suture and anterior fontanelles
90
Eccentricity of the segment with largest area in the region of the metopic suture and anterior fontanelles
91
Sphericity of the segment with largest area in the region of the metopic suture and anterior fontanelles
92
Compactness of the segment with largest area in the region of the metopic suture and anterior fontanelles
93
Position probability of the metopic suture and anterior fontanelles
Features extraction from the region of whole structure of six sutures (15: Shape based 94-107; Position probability
108)
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
Existence (1 or 0) of whole structure of six sutures
Average length of whole structure of six sutures
Area of whole structure of six sutures
Average width of whole structure of six sutures
Number of suture segments in the region of whole structure of six sutures
Area of the segment with largest area in the region of whole structure of six sutures
Perimeter of the segment with largest area in the region of whole structure of six sutures
Area of the bounding box of the segment with largest area in the region of whole structure of six sutures
Major axis length of the segment with largest area in the region of whole structure of six sutures
Minor axis length of the segment with largest area in the region of whole structure of six sutures
Orientation of the segment with largest area in the region of whole structure of six sutures
Eccentricity of the segment with largest area in the region of whole structure of six sutures
Sphericity of the segment with largest area in the region of whole structure of six sutures
Compactness of the segment with largest area in the region of whole structure of six sutures
Position probability of whole structure of six sutures