Supplementary Table 2. Excluded studies based on the PRISMA literature search process, and reason for exclusion Author Wang et al, 2012[1] Wang et al, 2010 [2] Parker et al, 2011 [3] McGirt et al, 2011 [4] Reason for exclusion Reported acute costs after minimally invasive approach for multiple types of fusion surgery, including transforaminal and posterior lumbar interbody fusion. Therefore, does not satisfy inclusion criteria of this review. Reported acute hospitalization charges for minimally invasive vesus open posterior lumbar interbody fusion, which may include but is not exclusive to transforaminal lumbar body fusion. Furthermore, charge is defined different to cost, since charge reflects not only wholesale cost associated with any goods or services, but also an additional markup which varies among hospitals. Differences in costs were reported in the form of cost difference per number of surgical site infection, instead of sum of raw direct hospital costs. Differences in costs were reported in the form of cost difference per number of surgical site infection, instead of sum of raw direct hospital costs. 1. Wang MY, Lerner J, Lesko J, McGirt MJ (2012) Acute hospital costs after minimally invasive versus open lumbar interbody fusion: data from a US national database with 6106 patients. Journal of spinal disorders & techniques 25:324-328. doi: 10.1097/BSD.0b013e318220be32 2. Wang MY, Cummock MD, Yu Y, Trivedi RA (2010) An analysis of the differences in the acute hospitalization charges following minimally invasive versus open posterior lumbar interbody fusion. Journal of neurosurgery Spine 12:694-699. doi: 10.3171/2009.12.SPINE09621 3. Parker SL, Adogwa O, Witham TF, Aaronson OS, Cheng J, McGirt MJ (2011) Postoperative infection after minimally invasive versus open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF): literature review and cost analysis. Minimally invasive neurosurgery : MIN 54:33-37. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1269904 4. McGirt MJ, Parker SL, Lerner J, Engelhart L, Knight T, Wang MY (2011) Comparative analysis of perioperative surgical site infection after minimally invasive versus open posterior/transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: analysis of hospital billing and discharge data from 5170 patients. Journal of neurosurgery Spine 14:771-778. doi: 10.3171/2011.1.SPINE10571