Appendix 2: Compilation of embryonal shell measurements of Carboniferous-Cretaceous ammonoid taxa from the literature. The measurements are explained in the article. Most data was compiled from Landman et al. (1996). Some additional references not listed in the article are listed below. In the case multiple values or ranges per taxon were given, we used the minimum and maximum values and the mean values of the means (in case of multiple ranges) or values (in case of multiple values). Dimorphic pairs were entered as separate taxa unless the referenced authors gave a pooled range. Supplementary references Bogdanova, T. N., and V. V. Arkadiev. 2005. Revision of species of the ammonite genus Pseudosubplanites from the Berriasian of the Crimean mountains. Cretaceous Research 26:488-506. Kutygin, R. V., and V. G. Knyazev. 2000. Ontogeny of the Ammonoid Genus Dactylioceras from Northeastern Russia. Paleontological Journal 34:263-271 [in Russian] Landman, N. H., Tanabe, K., and Shigeta, Y. 1996. Ammonoid Embryonic Development. In Landman, N. H., K. Tanabe, and R. A. Davis (eds). Ammonoid Paleobiology. Topics in Geobiology 13. Plenum Press, New York, 343–405. Morard, A., and J. Guex. 2003. Ontogeny and covariation in the Toarcian genus Osperleioceras (Ammonoidea). Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France 174:607-615 Neige, P. 1997. Ontogeny of the Oxfordian ammonite Creniceras renggeri from the Jura of France. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 90:605-616. Palframan, D. F. B. 1966. Variation and ontogeny of some Oxfordian ammonites: Taramelliceras richei (De Loriol) and Creniceras renggeri (Oppel), from England. Palaeontology 9:290-311. Palframan, D. F. B. 1967. Variation and ontogeny of some Oxford clay ammonites: Distichoceras bicostatum (Stahl) and Horioceras bauggieri (d’Orbigny), from England. Palaeontology 10:60-94. Palframan, D. F. B. 1969. Taxonomy of sexual dimorphism in ammonites: morphogenetic evidence in Hecticoceras brightii (Pratt). In Westermann, G.E.G. (ed.). Sexual dimorphism in fossil Metazoa and taxonomic implications. International Union of Geological Sciences, Stuttgart, 126–157. Parent, H. 1997. Ontogeny and sexual dimorphism of Eurycephalites gottschei (Tornquist) (Ammonoidea) of the Andean Lower Callovian (Argentine-Chile). Geobios 30:407-419. Rouget, I., and P. Neige 2001. Embryonic ammonoid shell features: intraspecific variation revisited. Palaeontology 44:53-64. Senior, J. R. 1977. The Jurassic ammonite Bredyia Buckman. Palaeontology 20:675-693. Shigeta, Y., Y. D. Zakharov, and R. H. Mapes. 2001. Origin of Ceratitida (Ammonoidea) inferred from internal shell features. Paleontological Research 5:201-213. Sprey, A. M. 2002. Early ontogeny of three Callovian ammonite genera (Binatisphinctes, Kosmoceras (Spinikosmoceras) and Hecticoceras) from Ryazan (Russia). Abhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt 57:225–255. Stephen, D. A., and R. J. Stanton. Impact of reproductive strategy on cephalopod evolution. Abhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt 57:151–155.