Worksheet Chapter 1
Chapter 1 Level I Worksheet
Section A – Anatomy, Anatomical branches of study, and the Anatomical Position
1. Cytology is the study of __________ while histology is the study of __________.
a. cells, systems
b. cells, tissues
c, tissues, cells
d. tissues, organs
2. The anatomical specialty that examines changes in form that occur between conception and birth
is
a. comparative anatomy
b. regional anatomy
c. surgical anatomy
d. developmental anatomy
3. The study of structural features visible without the use of a microscope is called macroscopic or
________ anatomy.
a. surface
b. gross
c. regional
d. systemic
4. What scientific study is based upon the study of body structure? _______________
5. What scientific study is based upon the study of body function? ______________
6. Most anatomical terms have been derived from:
a. Romance languages
b. German
c. Latin and Greek
d. English
e. Arabic
7. Study of general form and superficial anatomical markings is called ___________ anatomy.
8. The study of anatomy leads to an important concept: all specific functions are performed by
_____________
9. ____________ is the study of early developmental processes.
10. _____________ is the maintenance of function in a state of balanced stability at all levels.
a. Pathology
b. Disease
c. Homeostasis
d. Metabolism
11. T/F: Anatomy adapted to evolution and still continues to do so.
12. The ability of an organism to adjust its responses to the changes that occur in the environment
is called ____________.
a. susceptibility
b. adaptability
c. growth
d. differentiation
e. none of the above
13. Match each of the anatomical terms with the best description.
a. gross anatomy
A. study of any structure that can’t be seen without magnification
b. cytology
B. study that analyzes the internal structure of individual cells
c. systemic anatomy C. consideration of all superficial and internal structures in a
specific body area
d. microscopy
D. considers all the major structures of a group of organs
e. regional anatomy E. study of anatomic features visible to the naked eye
13a. ____
13b. ______
13c. _____
13d. ______
13e. _____
14. Which best describes the relationship between structure and function?
a. the function of an organ determines its structure
b. the structure of an organ determines its function
c. structure and function are only related in certain regions of the body
d. the two are not related
15. What is the correct anatomical position?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
16. Pretend you are a surgeon performing an incision on a patient’s left leg. Assuming that the
patient is lying in the correct anatomical position on the table, are you to cut the leg that is on your
left or the patient’s left?
17. In the anatomical position:
a. the palms face posterior
b. the legs are spread comfortably, with feet at least 18” apart
c. the hands are at the sides, palms forward
d. the head is turned to the left, and eyes are closed
e. all of the above
18. It’s important to study anatomy because:
a. it’s important to understand the link between human structure and function
b. it provides information about both external and internal structures
c. it will assist individuals to make informed decisions about their personal health
d. it provides a basis for understanding more advanced courses in anatomy, physiology,
and related disciplines
e. all of the above are true
19. How are the structure and function of a body organ or system related?
a. there is no relationship
b. organ structure only occasionally relates to function
c. structure and function relate only generally
d. all specific functions are performed by specific structures or organs
e. at some times structure relates to function; at other times it does not
_______________________________________________________________________
Section B. Regional and Directional Terms
20. The orbital region is the area of the
a. nose
b. stomach
c. eye
d. neck
21. The thigh is identified as the _________ region.
a. nasal
b. lower
c. femoral
d. brachial
***Be familiar with Chart on regional terms in your text!
22. Imagine the following quadrant is lying on a supine cadaver. Fill in the following quadrant
with the correct abdominal region names.
***Know the chart on the abdominal regions and be familiar about which organs lie in which
quadrants
23. Which of the following terms is used to describe a part that is toward an attached base?
a. proximal
b. lateral
c. distal
d. caudal
24. The anatomical directional term __________ refers to a body part that is toward the head.
a. cephalic
b. superior
c. upper
d. ventral
25. A plane that lies at right angles to the long axis of the body and that separates it into superior
and inferior portions is a _________ plane.
a. longitudinal
b. transverse
c. midsagittal
d. sagittal
26. A cut going through both ears and separating the body into front and back halves is a
____________ cut.
27. The lungs are __________ to the stomach.
28. A cut separating the body into superior and inferior portions is a _________ cut
29. Your thumb is ____________ to your “pinky.” (REMEMBER: you are in anatomical position
whenever you use directional terms)
30. The skin is _____________ to the muscles.
Section C. Levels of Organization and Organ Systems
31. The highest level of organization listed here is the
a. tissue
b. system
c. organ
d. cell
32. Organs that are associated to perform a common function are known as a
a. cell
b. system
c. tissue
d. region
33. Circle the names of the 4 types of tissues in the body (Remember that tissues combine to make
up organs)
a. Charmin, Publix, Scott, Cottonelle
b. Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous
c. Secretory, Transport, Pseudostratified, Matrix
d. Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quartenary
e. None of the above
34. Match each level of organization with its description.
a. organismal level A. cellular structures and functions focus attention at the ______
b. cellular level
B. atoms interacting to form components with distinctive
properties in the body show organization at the _________
c. organ level
C. the interaction of tissues which perform a united group of
functions show organization at the _________
d. chemical level
D. cellular types united to perform a distinctive group of shared
functions show organization at the __________
e. tissue level
E. interactions among organ systems demonstrate function at the _________
34a. ______
34b. _______
34c.______
34d. _______
34e. ______
35. The different types of cells, such as the muscle cells in the heart which unite to form a more
complex structure, are at the ________ level of organization. (Remember that the definition of
“cell” is the smallest living functional unit of the body)
36. Organs are:
a. anatomical units with specific functions
b. formed by 2 or more tissues
c. frequently large enough to be studied by gross anatomical techniques
d. 2 of the above
e. a, b, and c
37. The normal functioning of each of the levels of organization is ___________ of the others.
a. independent
b. dependent
c. I think it could be both a and b
***Be able to list the levels of organization in increasing complexity (and try to think of a good
way to remember this list for test day!)
38. All of the following selections include a major organ with its system except
a. brain, nervous system
b. heart, lymphatic system
c. pancreas, endocrine system
d. small intestine, digestive system
39. The ____________ is an organ of both the digestive and the endocrine systems.
a. small intestine
b. heart
c. pancreas
d. stomach
40. Your nails are part of your _________ system.
41. The major function of the _______________ system is internal transport of nutrients, wastes,
and gases.
a. digestive
b. circulatory
c. urinary
d. respiratory
e. lymphatic
***It is extremely important that you are able to list all of the organ systems and provide a
primary and secondary function for each!!! You will be tested on the 11 organ systems.
Chapter 1 Level II&III Worksheet
After you have done Ch1 Level I Worksheet, do this worksheet to assess your understanding of the concepts.
Section A. Anatomy, Anatomical branches of study, and the Anatomical Position
Level II
1. Which word pair proceeds from a more general to a more specific term?
a. developmental  comparative
b. gross  macroscopic
c. developmental  embryology
d. regional  systemic
2. ___________ is the anatomical specialty most closely relating to the theories of Charles Darwin.
3. Surface anatomy examines evidence of underlying structures through direct scrutiny of the
__________ system.
4. Name and describe the 2 major specialties of microscopic anatomy in terms of the size and level
of organization of body structures studied by each.
5. Why does anatomical position matter?
6. Give an example of a body part and state why its function/structure relationship agrees with this
statement: “Structure dictates function.”
7. Gross anatomical specialties include:
a. radiographic and surgical anatomy
b. cytology and embryology
c. histology
d. b and c
e. all of the above
8. Growth and differentiation together include:
a. specialization of immature tissues
b. increase in cell size
c. increase in cell numbers
d. b and c
e. all of the above
9. Metabolism is the process whereby:
a. organisms take in materials from the environment
b. organisms generate useless or harmful waste products to be discharged into the
environment
c. complex chemical reactions occur within the body to provide energy to carry on all life
processes
d. nutrients are taken into the organism from the environment
e. cells become larger and increase in size
10. ______________ is the result of the failure to perform or loss of homeostasis.
a. Health
b. Headache
c. Sickness, and sometimes death
d. Fainting
Level III
11. Why is it important to be familiar with major anatomical landmarks?
12. How does the regional approach differ from the systemic approach in the study of anatomy?
Section B. Regional and Directional Terminology
Level II
14. In anatomical description, a body that is prone has:
a. the face up
b. the face forward
c. the face down
d. the face backward
e. none of the above
15. Which of the following pairs of anatomical terms are correctly paired with their opposites?
a. distal, coronal
b. proximal, lateral
c. cranial, caudal
d. cephalic, posterior
e. all of the above are paired correctly
16. List the 9 different abdominal regions and what organs you would find in each.
17. Match each anatomical directional term with its opposite.
a. dorsal
A. medial
b. inferior
B. proximal
c. lateral
C. ventral
d. posterior
D. superior
e. distal
E. anterior
17a. ______
17b. ______
17c. ______
17d. ______
17e. ______
18. Match each anatomical term with the area of the body indicated.
a. thoracic
A. buttock
b. digital
B. chest
c. pedal
C. foot
d. gluteal
D. neck
e. cervical
E. fingers/toes
18a. _____
18b. ______
18c. ______
18d. ______
18e. ______
19. What is the most lateral structure on the human body when it is in correct anatomical position?
________________
Level III
20. Pain in the left upper abdominopelvic quadrant might more precisely be emanating from the
a. gallbladder
b. appendix
c. left iliac region
d. left hypochondriac region
21. Why does the term ventral, in describing the relative position of a human body region, mean
something different when discussing the same relative position of a body region in a quadrupedal
animal?
a. none of the same terms are used for human and quadrupedal animals
b. a human stands upright, and therefore, what is ventral to a quadruped is anterior to a
human
c. ventral is a relative term, meaning superior in humans
d. the term ventral indicates the same relative region in humans and quadrupeds
e. none of the above are correct
Section C. Levels of Organization and Organ Systems
Level II
22. Which of the following would not qualify as an organ?
a. a bone
b. an artery
c. the skin
d. the viscera
23. Organelles are to cells as __________ are to molecules.
24. “Build” a human body from molecules upward, describing each successively more inclusive
level of organization.
25. List the 11 organ systems and give examples of the structures/organs within each one of them.
27. The ____________ system interacts most directly with the respiratory system in distributing
oxygen to the tissues.
28. The respiratory system makes it possible for the body to conduct gas exchange; this process is
also facilitated by the ____________ system.
29. The ____________ system uses rapid communication. The ____________ system uses slow
communication.
Level III
30. Are the functions of the body simply the sum of the functions of the cells? Why or why not?
Give examples to support your answer.
31. How are the levels of organization of body structures related to each other?
32. Do the levels of organization analogous to those in the human body occur elsewhere in the
natural world? Are they limited to living things? Have humans created similar levels of
organization? What is the general name for such levels of organization?
33. Homeostasis can be defined as the maintenance of relatively constant conditions within the
body. Of the 11 organ systems, which one is least directly involved in maintaining homeostasis?
Explain.