Table S1
Volume (L) or weight (kg) of chlorine-containing compound required to achieve a concentration of 200 mg free available chlorine (FAC) L-1
using compounds with different percentages of chlorine (w/v for liquids, e.g. bleaches, w/w for dichlor) and for different volumes of encapsulated water
(‘Volume’). Domestic bleaches contain 3-10% FAC, commercial bleaches 40% and dichlor 55%. The dilution factor required to convert the FAC concentration
in the source compound (liquid or solid) to a concentration of FAC in water of 200 mg L-1 is also shown.
Volume (L)
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
55,000
60,000
65,000
70,000
75,000
80,000
85,000
% FAC (w/v) in liquid sources
5
7.5
10
FAC (mg/L)
50,000
75,000
100,000
Required dilution factor
250
375
500
4.0
2.7
2.0
8.0
5.3
4.0
12.0
8.0
6.0
16.0
10.7
8.0
20.0
13.3
10.0
24.0
16.0
12.0
28.0
18.7
14.0
32.0
21.3
16.0
36.0
24.0
18.0
40.0
26.7
20.0
60.0
40.0
30.0
80.0
53.3
40.0
100.0
66.7
50.0
120.0
80.0
60.0
140.0
93.3
70.0
160.0
106.7
80.0
180.0
120.0
90.0
200.0
133.3
100.0
220.0
146.7
110.0
240.0
160.0
120.0
260.0
173.3
130.0
280.0
186.7
140.0
300.0
200.0
150.0
320.0
213.3
160.0
340.0
226.7
170.0
12.5
15
17.5
20
40
125,000
150,000
175,000
200,000
400,000
% FAC (w/w) dichlor
55
FAC (mg/kg)
550,000
625
1.6
3.2
4.8
6.4
8.0
9.6
11.2
12.8
14.4
16.0
24.0
32.0
40.0
48.0
56.0
64.0
72.0
80.0
88.0
96.0
104.0
112.0
120.0
128.0
136.0
750
1.3
2.7
4.0
5.3
6.7
8.0
9.3
10.7
12.0
13.3
20.0
26.7
33.3
40.0
46.7
53.3
60.0
66.7
73.3
80.0
86.7
93.3
100.0
106.7
113.3
875
1.1
2.3
3.4
4.6
5.7
6.9
8.0
9.1
10.3
11.4
17.1
22.9
28.6
34.3
40.0
45.7
51.4
57.1
62.9
68.6
74.3
80.0
85.7
91.4
97.1
1000
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0
65.0
70.0
75.0
80.0
85.0
2000
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
7.5
10.0
12.5
15.0
17.5
20.0
22.5
25.0
27.5
30.0
32.5
35.0
37.5
40.0
42.5
2750
0.36
0.73
1.09
1.45
1.82
2.18
2.55
2.91
3.27
3.64
5.45
7.27
9.09
10.91
12.73
14.55
16.36
18.18
20.00
21.82
23.64
25.45
27.27
29.09
30.91
90,000
95,000
100,000
360.0
380.0
400.0
240.0
253.3
266.7
180.0
190.0
200.0
144.0
152.0
160.0
120.0
126.7
133.3
102.9
108.6
114.3
90.0
95.0
100.0
45.0
47.5
50.0
32.73
34.55
36.36
Table S2
Amount (kg) of dichlor required to restore the concentration of free available chlorine (FAC) to the target concentration (200 mg free
available chlorine (FAC) L-1) from different residual concentrations and for different volumes of encapsulated water (‘Volume’). Dichlor is assumed to
contain 55% FAC by weight.
Volume (L)
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
55,000
60,000
65,000
70,000
75,000
80,000
85,000
90,000
95,000
100,000
25
0.05
0.09
0.14
0.18
0.23
0.27
0.32
0.36
0.41
0.45
0.68
0.91
1.14
1.36
1.59
1.82
2.05
2.27
2.50
2.73
2.95
3.18
3.41
3.64
3.86
4.09
4.32
4.55
50
0.09
0.18
0.27
0.36
0.45
0.55
0.64
0.73
0.82
0.91
1.36
1.82
2.27
2.73
3.18
3.64
4.09
4.55
5.00
5.45
5.91
6.36
6.82
7.27
7.73
8.18
8.64
9.09
75
0.14
0.27
0.41
0.55
0.68
0.82
0.95
1.09
1.23
1.36
2.05
2.73
3.41
4.09
4.77
5.45
6.14
6.82
7.50
8.18
8.86
9.55
10.23
10.91
11.59
12.27
12.95
13.64
Difference between target and actual concentration (mg L-1)
100
125
150
175
0.18
0.23
0.27
0.32
0.36
0.45
0.55
0.64
0.55
0.68
0.82
0.95
0.73
0.91
1.09
1.27
0.91
1.14
1.36
1.59
1.09
1.36
1.64
1.91
1.27
1.59
1.91
2.23
1.45
1.82
2.18
2.55
1.64
2.05
2.45
2.86
1.82
2.27
2.73
3.18
2.73
3.41
4.09
4.77
3.64
4.55
5.45
6.36
4.55
5.68
6.82
7.95
5.45
6.82
8.18
9.55
6.36
7.95
9.55
11.14
7.27
9.09
10.91
12.73
8.18
10.23
12.27
14.32
9.09
11.36
13.64
15.91
10.00
12.50
15.00
17.50
10.91
13.64
16.36
19.09
11.82
14.77
17.73
20.68
12.73
15.91
19.09
22.27
13.64
17.05
20.45
23.86
14.55
18.18
21.82
25.45
15.45
19.32
23.18
27.05
16.36
20.45
24.55
28.64
17.27
21.59
25.91
30.23
18.18
22.73
27.27
31.82
180
0.33
0.65
0.98
1.31
1.64
1.96
2.29
2.62
2.95
3.27
4.91
6.55
8.18
9.82
11.45
13.09
14.73
16.36
18.00
19.64
21.27
22.91
24.55
26.18
27.82
29.45
31.09
32.73
190
0.35
0.69
1.04
1.38
1.73
2.07
2.42
2.76
3.11
3.45
5.18
6.91
8.64
10.36
12.09
13.82
15.55
17.27
19.00
20.73
22.45
24.18
25.91
27.64
29.36
31.09
32.82
34.55
200
0.36
0.73
1.09
1.45
1.82
2.18
2.55
2.91
3.27
3.64
5.45
7.27
9.09
10.91
12.73
14.55
16.36
18.18
20.00
21.82
23.64
25.45
27.27
29.09
30.91
32.73
34.55
36.36
Table S3
Amount (g) of sodium thiosulphate required to neutralise a given residual concentration of FAC for different volumes of encapsulated water
(‘Volume’). Values are based on a mass ratio of 1.86:1 sodium thiosulphate to FAC.
Volume (L)
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
55,000
60,000
65,000
70,000
75,000
80,000
85,000
90,000
95,000
100,000
1
2
4
6
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
28
37
47
56
65
74
84
93
102
112
121
130
140
149
158
167
177
186
2
4
7
11
15
19
22
26
30
33
37
56
74
93
112
130
149
167
186
205
223
242
260
279
298
316
335
353
372
3
6
11
17
22
28
33
39
45
50
56
84
112
140
167
195
223
251
279
307
335
363
391
419
446
474
502
530
558
Residual FAC concentration (mg L-1)
4
5
10
7
9
19
15
19
37
22
28
56
30
37
74
37
47
93
45
56
112
52
65
130
60
74
149
67
84
167
74
93
186
112
140
279
149
186
372
186
233
465
223
279
558
260
326
651
298
372
744
335
419
837
372
465
930
409
512
1023
446
558
1116
484
605
1209
521
651
1302
558
698
1395
595
744
1488
632
791
1581
670
837
1674
707
884
1767
744
930
1860
15
28
56
84
112
140
167
195
223
251
279
419
558
698
837
977
1116
1256
1395
1535
1674
1814
1953
2093
2232
2372
2511
2651
2790
20
37
74
112
149
186
223
260
298
335
372
558
744
930
1116
1302
1488
1674
1860
2046
2232
2418
2604
2790
2976
3162
3348
3534
3720
30
56
112
167
223
279
335
391
446
502
558
837
1116
1395
1674
1953
2232
2511
2790
3069
3348
3627
3906
4185
4464
4743
5022
5301
5580
50
93
186
279
372
465
558
651
744
837
930
1395
1860
2325
2790
3255
3720
4185
4650
5115
5580
6045
6510
6975
7440
7905
8370
8835
9300